음악 요법은 지난 세기 중반에 서구 국가에서 처음으로 등장 하여 음악학, 심리학, 의학 분야 이론을 종합적으로 적용하여 나온 요법이다. 등장할 때부터 많은 사람들의 관심을 불러일으 켰다. 현 단계에서 음악 요법에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 심화 되면서 음악 요법 적용 범위도 확장되었다. 음악 요법은 삶의 모든 측면에 스며들어 일상생활과 매우 밀접한 관계를 맺어 왔 다. 이에 본고에서는 우울증을 앓고 있는 노인 30명을 대상으 로 실험팀과 대조팀으로 나누어 해밀턴 척도를 적용하여 SPSS 15.0 통계학 소프트웨어로 데이터를 분석하였다. 나아가 개성화 음악 요법이 노인 우울 집단에게 미치는 긍정적인 영향 요인 을 도출하여 노인 집단의 우울 증상을 완화하고자 한다.

목적 : 본 연구는 치매노인을 위한 그룹신체활동 프로그램의 종류 및 효과에 대하여 체계적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2008년부터 2020년까지의 국내 논문을 대상으로 “그룹” and “신체활동” and “치매” 를 검색용어로 검색하였다. 논문 검색은 Google 학술 검색, 한국연구정보서비스(RISS)를 이용하여 총 34편의 연구 중 중복 논문 제거 및 포함/ 배제 기준에 따라 최종적으로 4편을 선정하였다. 결과 : 질적 근거 수준은 Ⅲ가 100.0% 을 차지하였다. 연구 대상자의 성별은 남성 12명, 여성 24명으로 여성의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 중재 환경은 지역사회 2편, 요양원 2편이었다. 경도 치매대상자가 21명, 중등도 치매 대상자가 15명으로 경도 치매환자를 대상으로 한 연구의 대상자가 더 많았다. 중재 횟수는 10회, 12회 2편, 36회로 다양했으며 중재 시간은 4편 모두 회기별로 40분 이상 50분 이내로 제공되었다. 인지 기능에서의 중재 효과가 가장 많이 보고되었으며 이후 행동 심리 증상/일상생활수행능력, 삶의 질/우울/기분 상태/수면 양상/균형 수행 능력 다양한 영역에서의 기능 향상이 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 토대로 제시된 그룹신체활동 프로그램의 근거가 되는 연구들을 임상에서 치료사들이 치매노인을 대상으로 연구할 때 중재 방법, 기간, 평가 도구 등을 선정하는데 필요한 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구에서는 노인의 분노조절 집단상담 프로그램 참여경험을 심층적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 자료 수집은 ‘전문가 추천 사례 방식(reputational-cases selection)’으로 진행했고, 노인상담기관에서 진행 한 ‘분노조절 집단상담 프로그램’에 참여한 6명의 노인을 대상으로 프로그램 참여경험에 대한 심층면접 이 이루어졌다. 분석방법은 기노시타 야스히토(木下康仁)의 ‘수정근거이론(Modified Grounded Theory Approach)’을 활용했다. 분석결과 총 61개 개념, 23개의 하위범주, 9개의 상위범주로 발견되었고, 이를 두 개의 분석주제인 ‘분노경험’과 ‘분노조절 과정’으로 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 노인의 분노경험과 분노 조절 과정을 심층적으로 살펴볼 수 있었다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 향후 노인의 분노조절을 지원하기 위한 프로그램 설계 및 보완에 경험적 자료로 활용될 것이며 개입방식의 효과성 검증 및 개입 방안을 제안하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

The consumption of high-salt foods is an independent risk factor for increased hypertension. Thus, evaluating the relationship of taste sensitivity and pleasantness of high-salt foods such as Korean jang products, would help contribute to an understanding of salty food eating behaviors of the Korean rural elderly. This study aimed to verify the association between taste sensitivity and salinity of Korean jang products, and the preferences of food groups and nutrient intake in the rural elderly. We studied 269 elderly persons (males 83, females 186) aged above 65 years, residing in the rural area, Sunchang gun Jeonbuk. For each subject, a recognition threshold of 4 basic tastes and pleasant concentrations of NaCl were estimated using the sip- and–spit method. Taste preferences, frequency of intake of food groups, nutrient intakes, and salinity and sweetness of Korean jang products (Doenjang, Ganjang, Gochujang) were assessed. No association was found between salt taste recognition threshold and optimally preferred concentration of salt and salinity of Korean jang products. However, the sweet taste recognition threshold was positively related to the sweetness of Korean jang products. Also, the salinity of Doenjang positively correlated with the frequencies of food groups and nutrient intakes. That is to say that the sweet taste sensitivity was related to the sweetness of Korean jang products, but was not sensitive to the salty taste. The salinity of Doenjang correlated with the consumption of food and nutrient intakes. Taken together, these findings suggest the need for appropriate intervention and education to reduce the salinity of Doenjang, which is an important modifiable factor contributing to reducing sodium intake in the rural elderly.

The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a group exercise program on cognitive function of elderly people. Subjects were chosen to be elders with dementia having minor to moderate degrees of cognitive function. Study was started out by randomly dividing the 16 subjects into two groups, each with 8 people; the group exercise group and the control group. The group exercise group performed 8 weeks of group exercise program and general physiotherapy while the control group only performed general physiotherapy. Cognitive function was measured by Korean version mini-mental state examination. The study group's attention and calculation statistically significantly improved but the control group saw no statistically significant change. The group exercise program affected improvement in cognitive function of elderly people with dementia and in particular, was effective for enhancing their attention and calculation.

The consumption of a wide variety of food groups is considered one of the key components of nutritional adequacy. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Koreans includes the consumption of a variety of foods from diverse food groups as a component of a normal diet. A survey was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the dietary diversity of food groups and nutrient intake in elderly patients (age 65 and above) at a rural area in Korea (Inje). 296 subjects (111 male and 185 female) were probed in a 3 day 24-recall dietary survey. Subjects were grouped according to food group intake frequency, based on six food groups (grain, meat/fish/legume/egg, vegetable, fat/oil, dairy, fruit). Nutritional quality was evaluated according to the numbers of nutrients under EAR (Estimated Average Requirements), and MAR (mean adequacy ratios). The frequency of elderly subjects consuming a meat/fish/legumes/egg food group less than once per day was 29.4%. The frequency of elderly subjects consuming fat/oil food group less than once per day was 65.8%. The percentage of subjects who did not eat dairy food was 88.8%, and that of subjects who did not eat fruit was 57.5%. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop models relating nutritional quality to possible food group intake frequency factors. Using the number of nutrients under EAR as a dependent variable, the meat/fish/legume/egg food group intake frequency explained 9.9% of variance, followed by the grain group, fat/oil group, dairy group, and vegetable and fruit group (Model R2=0.260). For mean nutrient adequacy ratio as a dependent variable, the model R2 was 0.326. The results of this study suggest that a highly varied diet in elderly might be associated with better nutritional quality, as assessed by nutrient intake. Accordingly, dietary guidelines should take into consideration nutritional characteristics in order to improve intake from all major food groups and to provide a variety of foods in the diet.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of group therapeutic exercise programs on the cognitive function, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and balance-performing ability in older adults. Fifteen community-dwelling subjects (mean age 73.7 yrs, standard deviation 2.4) participated in this study. An 8-week group therapeutic exercise program, including strengthening and balance training, breathing and gait exercise, and recreation, consisted of activities related to daily living. The Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean (MMSE-K), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Reaching Test (FRT), and Timed Up & Go (TUG) test were measured during pre-exercise and post-exercise points. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After eight weeks, the MMSE-K and MBI total score was more significantly increased for post-exercise tests than pre-exercise tests (respectively, p<.05, p<.01). 2. Of the MBI contents, personal hygiene, dressing, ambulation, and chair/bed transfers scores were significant increased for post-exercise tests. 3. Post exercise BBS, FRT, and TUG scores were higher than the pre-exercise scores. The difference was statistically significant (respectively, p<.05, p<.05, p<.01). These findings suggest that group therapeutic exercise can be used to improve the cognitive function, ADL, and balance-performing ability in elderly persons.

Horticultural activity is the one of the most effective recreations due to plenty of advantages. To most of the elderly generation, for instance, it is the familiar activity as well as productive activity, leading to satisfaction by providing an environment for social interaction. In addition, it has been shown that positive results such as memory restoration and emotional stabilization come from it. The purpose of this study was the assessment of horticultural activity as a recreation for the solitude elderly female by investigating the level of isolation and satisfaction of the life. Eight women between 65 and 75 year old were investigated every once a week from March, 18, to October, 28, 2003. Data was collected from UCLA solitude level, the aged life satisfaction, and horticultural activity evaluation and statistically analyzed by SPSS 10.0 and paired t-test was used. As a result, the solitude level was decreased from 52 to 45 with the significance at 0.035(<α=0.05) and the satisfaction level was increased from 32 to 38 with the significance at 0.022(<α=0.05).