This paper presents experimental results for evaluating bond strength of FRP Hybrid Bars(HYB). In order to confirm the bond strength of HYB, direct bond strength tests were performed on 20 specimens. 20 specimens made of deformed steel bars were also tested for relative comparison. HYB and deformed steel bars were embedded in a concrete block with a size of 200 mm and different attachment lengths were applied depending on the diameter of the reinforcing bars. During the test, load and relative displacement(slip) were measured and the load-displacement behaviors of all specimens were analyzed from the measured results. The maximum bond strength of deformed steel bars were higher than that of HYB regardless of its diameter. However, after the maximum load, the deformed steel bars were more dominant than the HYB in the sudden load reduction tendency.

This paper presents experimental and analytical results for predicting tensile behavior of FRP Hybrid Bar(HYB). In order to confirm the tensile behavior of HYB wrapped with glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) on deformed rebar, direct tensile tests were performed on 8 specimens. The diameter of the HYB was considered as a test variable and the tensile load, displacement, and tensile strain of each specimen were measured by tensile test. In order to predict the tensile behavior of HYB, numerical analysis based on tensile model of each material was performed. The tensile models of reinforcing bar, glass fiber, and resin, which are the constituent materials of HYB, are assumed to be simple shapes according to their material properties. The results of the numerical analysis through the strain compliance condition of each material were compared with the experimental results and both results showed consistent trends. The experimental and analytical ratios for yield and ultimate loads were 1.02 and 1.00, respectively, and the coefficient of variation were 3.61 and 2.54, respectively. However, a maximum of about 9 mm error occurred due to the slip generated by the direct tensile test in the comparison between the experimental results and the analytical results for the tensile displacement.

ber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure have been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars are commercially available. However, major shortcoming of the existing FRP bars is low elastic modulus compared to conventional steel bars. Because of these reasons, FRP Hybrid Bar which have the concept of material hybridization(synthetic resins, deformed bar, glass fiber etc) for concrete structures have been developed. One of main features of this bar is corrosion resistance and this is important to confirm this anti-corrosion capacity of FRP Hybrid Bar. In this study, galvanic corrosion current behavior of 3 types of specimens, including two types of FRP Hybrid Bars and one conventional steel rebar, was investigated under the 0%, 1.5%, 3% and 6% salt water ratio condition. The result of this study can be used to evaluate the applicability of FRP Hybrid Bar to concrete structures.

GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic) has a superior corrosion resistance, high specific strength/stiffness, etc. Therefore, such properties can be used to mitigate the problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials. In this study, the various rib and pitch distance of hybrid fiber GFRP bars were evaluated by experimental method. From the test result, thirty two types of FRP hybrid bars such as spiral type with the dimension of rib geometry were fabricated. To evaluate the bond properties of them, direct pull-out test was performed. All testing procedures including specimen preparation, set-up of test equipment and measuring devices were made in accordance with the recommendations of ASTM D 7913. From the test results, it was found that cross type hybrid GFRP reinforcing bars showed the highest bond strength than that of the others due to the higher relative rib area.

During the last two decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure have been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars are commercially available. However, major shortcomings of the existing FRP bars are its high initial cost and low elastic modulus compared to conventional steel bars. Because of these reasons, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) in Korea has developed the FRP Hybrid Bar which have the concept of material hybridization for concrete structures, especially for marine and waterfront concrete structures. This developed bar is new type material in construction field, verification of long term performance is very important for commercialization. In this paper, verification methodology on long term performance(corrosion, flexural behavior etc) of FRP Hybrid Bar is suggested.

To overcome shortcomings of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), a hybridized FRP rebar was developed by the authors. This hybrid bar herein called “FRP Hybrid Bar” was fabricated by adopting advantages from two different materials, including glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). Corrosion resistant characteristics of FRP Hybrid Bar were evaluated and the test results were explained in this paper. The use of the alternative reinforcement could allow concrete structures to extend life-span, to save maintenance and repair costs, etc. if the FRP Hybrid Bar was applied to RC structures located in a very corrosive environment, such as marina or harbor areas.

GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic) has a superior corrosion resistance, high specific strength/stiffness, etc. Therefore, such properties can be used to mitigate the problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials. In this study, the various rib and pitch distance of hybrid fiber GFRP bars were evaluated by experimental method. From the test result, thirty two types of FRP hybrid bars such as spiral and cross type with the dimension of rib geometry were fabricated. To evaluate the bond properties of them, direct pull-out test was performed. All testing procedures including specimen preparation, set-up of test equipment and measuring devices were made in accordance with the recommendations of ASTM D 7913. From the test results, it was found that cross type hybrid GFRP reinforcing bars showed the highest bond strength than that of the others due to the higher relative rib area.

FRP Hybrid Bar, composite structures composed of synthetic resins, deformed bar and glass fiber, was invented in order to solve corrosion of rebar in reinforced concrete structures. In order to bond deformed bar and glass fiber to FRP Hybrid Bar, synthetic resins is used. Curing time of the synthetic resins greatly affect productivity. If curing time of synthetic resins is short, cost of facilities is reduced and productivity is increased. Also, If this curing time is shorter or omitted, FRP Hybrid Bar can be commercialized. So, it can cause mass-production and substantial economic effect. Therefore, in this paper, optimum mix proportion is observed in order to increase economic efficiency of FRP Hybrid Bar and reduce curing time of synthetic resins. Total 9 variables are set, adjusting ratio of hardener ratio, and 3 resin moulds on each variables are fabricated. Optimum mix proportion is suggested based on data measured by temperature sensor.

Six concrete beam specimens reinforced with multiple layers of reinforcement and combinations of different reinforcement types (steel, GFRP, and CFRP bars), and four FRP bar-reinforced concrete beams with fibers were constructed and tested. An investigation was performed on load-carrying capacity, post cracking stiffness, cracking pattern, and ductility for all specimens. Addition of fibers and hybrid reinforcing with steel bars can be possible methods to overcome the low stiffness and ductility of FRP bar-reinforced beams.

Concrete structure is a construction material with durability and cost-benefit, however the corrosion in embedded steel causes a critical problem in structural safety. This paper presents an evaluation of chloride resistance and pull-off performance with various corrosion level. For the work, OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement) concrete and GGBFS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) concrete are prepared with normal steel. Artificially notch induced FRP Hybrid Bar is also prepared and embedded in OPC concrete and accelerated corrosion test is performed. Through the test, FRP Hybrid Bar with notch is evaluated to have insignificant effect on pull-off capacity when corroded steel shows only 21% level of pull-off capacity. Furthermore GGBFS concrete with normal steel shows over 70% level of pull-off capacity due to reduced corrosion currency.

RC(Reinforced Concrete) 부재는 인장영역에서 보강재가 하중을 지지해야 하므로, 철근부식은 내구성 뿐 아니라 안전성에서도 매 우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 최근 개발된 FRP Hybrid Bar와 일반 철근을 매립한 RC 보부재를 제작하였으며, ICM(Impressed Current Method) 를 적용하여 철근부식을 촉진시켰다. 기존의 이론식인 Faraday 법칙을 이용하여 부식량을 평가하였으며, 일반설계강도를 가진 콘크리트 보부 재에 대하여 휨시험을 수행하였다. 일반 철근에서는 부식량이 4.9∼7.8% 수준으로 평가되었으며 이에 따른 휨 저항능력은 -25.4∼-50.8% 수준 으로 감소하였다. FRP Hybrid Bar를 매립한 RC 보에서는 부식과 휨 저항 감소가 평가되지 않았는데, 이는 에폭시 도료로 코팅된 철근의 우수 한 내부식성에 기인한다. 촉진 부식실험에서는 FRP Hybrid Bar의 우수한 내부식성 및 부착성능을 확인하였는데, 실용화를 위해서는 장기적인 침지를 통한 내구성 평가가 필요하다고 판단된다.

Tensile performance of the recently developed “FRP Hybrid Bar” at Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) is experimentally evaluated by the authors. FRP Hybrid Bar is introduced to overcome the low elastic modulus of the existing GFRP bars to be used as a structural member in reinforced concrete structures. The concept of material hybridization is adapted to increase elastic modulus of GFRP bars by using steel. This hybridized GFRP bar can be used in concrete structures as a flexural member with a sufficient level of elastic modulus. In order to verify the effect of material hybridization on tensile properties, tensile tests are conducted. The results for both FRP Hybrid Bar and the existing GFRP bars are compared. The results indicate that the elastic modulus of FRP Hybrid Bar can be enhanced by up to approximately 250 percent by the material hybridization with a reasonable tensile strength. To ensure the long-term durability of FRP Hybrid Bar to corrosion resistance, the individual and combined effects of environmental conditions on the bar itself as well as on the interface between rebar and concrete are currently under investigation.

During the last two decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure has been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars are commercially available. However, major shortcomings of the existing FRP bars are its high initial cost and low elastic modulus compared to conventional steel bars. Because of these reasons, KICT in Korea have developed the FRP Hybrid Bar which have the concept of material hybridization for concrete structures, especially for marine and waterfront concrete structures. In this study, for the discussing the applicability of FRP Hybrid Bar to real concrete structures, life cycle cost analysis were performed on small bridge and discussed considering various kinds of maintenance cases.

In the paper, newly invented FRP Hybrid Bar and normal steel are embedded in RC beam member, and ICM(Impressed Current Method) is adopted for corrosion acceleration. Corrosion amount level of 4.9∼7.8% are measured in normal RC member and the related reduction of flexural capacity is measured to –25.4∼-50.8%. But, durability evaluation through long-term submerged condition is required for actual utilization.

In the paper, accelerated corrosion test for RC (Reinforced Concrete) samples with normal steel and FRP Hybrid Bar are performed and their flexural capacity is evaluated. Furthermore UV(Ultrasonic Velocity) measurement is attempted for analysis of variation of UV due to corrosion conditions. For commercial production of FRP Hybrid Bar, bond strength evaluation through long-term submerged corrosion test is required.

This paper deals with the recent development of GFRP bars by material hybridization (i.e., “hybrid GFRP bars”). This development attempts to improve the low elastic modulus of GFRP bars to be used for reinforced concrete (RC) structures, especially they were built in a corrosive environment (e.g., waterfront structures). The purpose of material hybridization in this study is to increase the elastic modulus of GFRP bar. Steel wires were inserted to GFRP and dispersed over the cross-section. E-glass fibers and unsaturated polyester resins were pultruded. Several types of the hybrid GFRP bars were tested to evaluate the tensile strength. Mechanical behaviour of hybrid GFRP bars was examined as a function two factors: 1) a ratio of steel to GFRP; 2) a diameter of steel wire. The experimental results showed that the elastic modulus of the hybrid GFRP bar was improved by up to 171% by material hybridization. To ensure the long-term durability of the hybrid GFRP bars in waterfront structure applications, the individual and combined effects of environmental conditions on the hybrid GFRP bar itself as well as on the interface between bar and concrete should be also accessed.

The objective of this study is to develop a FRP Hybrid Bar for concrete structures, especially for marine and waterfront concrete structures. The purposes of hybridization are to increase the elastic modulus of GFRP bar with acceptable tensile strength. In this paper, using E-glass fibers and unsaturated polyester resins and steel wires, the FRP Hybrid Bar samples were pultruded and tested for tensile properties.

This paper presents tensile behavior of hybrid reinforcing polymer bars. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior change of hybrid FRP bar according to the volume fraction and position of fibers. Considered FRP bar had 13 mm in diameter and fibers of it were glass and steel fiber. The results obtained in the FEM analysis are discussed in this paper.