Driving to the store, finding parking, defective carts, difficulties in finding items, poor product info, long lines for checkout, unclear receipts, carrying heavy shopping bags home, and forgotten items are some of the most common barriers experienced by grocery shoppers. These are also the most common reasons why shoppers decide to switch to alternative retailers or to online grocery channels. COVID-19 accelerated this trend with online grocery shopping and home delivery services became prevalent and grew significantly during the pandemic (Gupta & Mukhejee, 2022). Today, e-grocery has reached 11% of the total grocery sales and being expected to reach 19% by 2025 in US (source: Statista, 2022). Brick and mortar grocery retailers declare to suffer from low loyalty of their customer and margin pressure. On the other side, the recent investments of online pure players such as Amazon and Alibaba in physical retail, including grocery, show that the physical shopping has still potential to lead retailers’ growth, also within grocery. Grocery retailers should therefore find new ways to attract and retain customers to their stores. Offering a better customer experience (CE) may be a valuable strategy to this end. A great CE has emerged at the base of a sustainable competitive advantage for companies, and it is at the heart of customer loyalty (Grewal et al., 2017) in several sectors but has often been neglected within grocery selling.

본 연구는 현장에서 실무를 경험하며 겪었던 어려움에서 출발되었다. 전시를 진행 하며 예술가들의 아티스트피 지급기준이 부재했으며 마련되어야 할 필요성을 느꼈다. 예산을 집행하는 입장에서 문제의식을 가지고 출발한 고민이었지만, 예술가들에게는 창작활동을 지속하기 위한 필수적인 제도였고, 수년간 많은 주체들이 치열하게 고민 해오고 있다. 미술계에서는 대체로 예술가의 창작환경 조성을 위한 제도 추진에 대해 긍정적인 시각으로 보고 있긴 하지만, 세부적인 내용에 대해서는 예술가·기관·화랑 등 주체별로 다양한 찬․반 의견이 오가고 있다. 예술가의 창작활동을 지속가능하게 하는 문화예술 지원정책은 일반 노동과 다른 ‘공공재’로서의 예술 노동의 특수성과 이를 반영할 수 있는 예술가 권리에 관한 법제 에 기반해야 한다. 그중 중요한 제도 중 하나로 ‘미술창작 대가기준’은 기본적인 창작 활동에 대한 존중의 의미, 전시 참여에 대한 보상의 개념이 포함된다. 여러 가지 사회적 이슈와 연구, 논의, 토론을 기반으로 발전되어온 ‘미술창작 대가기준’은 10여년간 작가를 포함한 기획자, 평론가까지 지급대상이 확대되면서 제도화 되어졌다. 예술가의 정체성, 사회적 지위와 예술 노동에 대한 이론적 배경을 기반으로 예술 가의 정당한 대가체계 형성을 위해 마련된 ‘미술창작 대가기준’에 대한 시기별 논의점과 구체적인 제도의 내용을 파악하고 그 성과와 한계점을 살펴보았다. 또한 현재 시점 에서 제도의 시행 사례를 통해 보완점을 제시하고자 하였다.

현대사회에서 범죄문제는 개인 간의 물리적인 피해와 함께 경제적, 사회적 피해를 발생시키며 지역사 회의 신뢰관계를 무너뜨리는 가장 시급히 해결되어야 할 사회문제라고 할 수 있다. 교정복지란 범죄로 인 해 발생한 부정적인 영향력을 해결하고 범죄 당사자들의 원만한 사회복귀를 위해 노력하는 일련의 과정 이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 범죄 현황과 교정현장을 파악함으로써 교정복지의 필요성과 교정 복지 분야를 이해하고, 기존의 사회복지실천 모델들의 교정복지 현장 적용을 위해 제안을 시도하고자 한다. 교정현장의 사회복지실천 적용을 위해서는 첫째, 교정현장에 대한 관심과 이해가 선행되어야 한다. 둘째, 다양한 교정대상자 및 교정현장에 적합한 사회복지실천 모델들이 개발되고 실험되어야 한다. 셋째, 교정사회복지사 양성을 위한 실천가 양성 프로그램이 마련되어야 한다. 넷째, 교정현장의 민간자원 연계가 원활히 이루어지도록 교정현장이 개방되어야 한다. 다섯째, 교정대상자의 사회복귀를 위한 정책적 지원이 확대되어야 한다.

셰이머스 히니의 다섯 번째 시집인『밭일』은 정치 및 역사, 평화로운 전원생활 등 다양한 소재를 다루지만 북 아일랜드 사태 때 죽은 자들에 대한 애가와 사랑을 주제로 삼는 일련의 글랜모어 소네트를 담고 있는 것이 전 시집과 다른 점이다. 얼스터 분규 때 죽은 자들을 애도하는 시에서 전원애가라는 전통 장르까지 사용한 것은 그가 폭력사태를 비판하고 이상향으로서의 전원을 갈구했음을 증명하는 예이며 시인이 북아일랜드 사태를 피해 글랜모어에 정착해서 쓴 일련의 소네트는 사랑과 평화의 상징인 전원을 폭력의 치유책으로 제시한 것이라는 가설을 세울 수 있다. 이 논문에서는『밭일』에 쓰인 많은 시중에서 애가와 소네트를 주로 분석해 시인이 어떻게 북아일랜드 사태에 반응하고 있는지를 다룬다. 이 시집의 구조 역시 폭력을 고발하고 그 상처를 치유하려는 작가의 의도를 강화하고 있다. 결론적으로, 히니는 비록 북아일랜드 폭력에서 탈출하지만, 시에서 폭력을 직접 다루기보다는 장르, 시의 구조 등의 형식을 통해서 간접적으로 다루면서 폭력에 저항하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

This study show in the Social Work Field(focus on the welfare facilities) about Literature and Concept Definition on the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency'. And, show a case to study for 'Management' and 'Efficiency' on the 'welfare facilities'. Also, this study try to find on the development of the Social Work Field through the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency'. First, show the new concept on the 'Welfare Management'. Existing 'Welfare' and 'Management' have been using independently of each other in their field. but now, when use the 'Welfare Management' that a new word, define the word 'Welfare Management' and help to another researcher who study on the 'Welfare Management'. Second, show the exemplary case on the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency' in welfare facilities. It arrange for exemplary and typical case in the various study case and basic information offer to the persons who try to study for 'Management' and 'Efficiency' in social work field. third, In the Social Work Fied, I try to find a way to vitalize and development that the study and practice on the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency'. Exisiting 'Management' & 'Economy' treat the terms unprofessionally in the Social Work Field. Social Work Field must cope with quickly and correctly to the current of times like that unlimited competition & development, downfall of the traditional social safety net, economic crisis of a welfare state, etc., in immense framwork of a capitalistic society & a new liberalism. And changing paradigm of social welfare policy. In the end, this study try to find a way for more growth of the Social Work Field trough the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency'. Keywords : Social Work Field(Social Welfare Facilities), Welfare Management, Efficiency

Seamus Heaney is one of the representative writers who wrote many poems in memory of the dead people and memory is Heaney’s principle muse. Through rereading the selected poems for the dead, I could find out that Seamus Heaney used the different genres as memory art for the dead: some pastoral elegies of Field Work, a series of sonnets of The Haw Lantern and some free verses of Seeing Things containing the method of pastiche and incantation. Pastoral elegy is a funeral song or a lament for the dead with some convention: Although, Seamus Heaney following this convention, “The Strand at Lough Beg” and “Casualty” show some digression. And sonnet means “little songs” of fourteen lines that follow a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure with the theme of love. However, Heaney’s sonnets also show some transformation in line and rhyme. And the word pastiche means either a “hodge-podge” or imitation of several original works. Heaney’s some memory poems of Seeing Things apply some method of incantation which transforms keepsakes into the spiritual ones with the method of pastiche. What I came to the end from this study is that when Heaney commemorated victims of Ulster Trouble, he used somewhat artificial genre of pastoral elegy. However, for the memory of his dead mother, he used the sonnet genre of lyric mode which can contain praise and love of the dead. To our interest, he used free verse with pastiche and incantation to express love for his dead father and the late Philip Larkin. In short, he can be evaluated as a craftsman, memory digger and occulter.

The study aims to identify the role of transformational leadership toward work performance through intrinsic motivation in pharmaceutical field by a survey of 220 pharmacists in Vietnam. The pharmaceutical industry in Vietnam is experiencing rapid growth, accompanied by the need for a change in leadership for managers. The transformational leadership creates a proactive, positive attitude, passion, interest or an increase in intrinsic motivation of employees, thereby affecting work performance. This study performed reliable verification by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, then the factors are analyzed by EFA before conducting multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the transformational leadership style includes such factors as: idealized influence (attributed and behavior), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration have a positive impact on intrinsic motivation and thereby positively affecting work performance. It confirms that employees will have a higher intrinsic motivation level when working under transformational leadership from their leaders. It makes employees work more efficiently. According to the research results, the pharmacist has an intrinsic motivation to work hard on tasks that contribute to the group overall goal of. That requires managers to have a task assignment strategy to connect the goals of the members together as well as of the members to the group.

There are bolt tightening torque decision standards in KSB 0101 for high tension bolt(torque calculation method) and in KSB 0140 for general bolts(general rule for bolt tightening torque decision), But in bolt torque decision general rule method, using Stainless bolt, friction coefficients between bolt and to-be-bolted object will rule the calculated yielding contraction axle force and yielding contraction torque, making it hard to determine the contraction torque in the field. So in other to help determine the contraction torque for stainless bolts(STS304) in field using high tension bolt torque decision method, the needed torque for stainless bolt(STS304) is calculated referencing high tension bolt torque decision method. And the calculated torque is planned to be compared to field test results.

There are bolt contraction torque decision standards in KSB 0101 for high tension bolt( torque calculation method) and in KSB 0140 for general bolts(bolt torque decision general rule), But in using bolt torque decision general rule method, friction coefficients between bolt and to-be-bolted object will rule the calculated yielding contraction axle force and yielding contraction torque, making it hard to determine the contraction torque in the field. So in other to determine the contraction torque for general bolts in field using high tension bolt torque decision method, the torque decision method for general bolt is proposed referencing high tension bolt torque decision method. And the field torque test is planned to verify the adaptability of the proposed method in the field.

Presently, aquatic plants are used for the water purification in inland water. This study was carried out to investigate the water purification effect of aquatic plants, Oenanthe javanica and Typha angustata. The experiment was conducted in outdoor flowing water was conducted for ten days. Water quality was measured in terms of water temperature, COD(chemical oxygen demand), SS(suspended solids), Total N, Total P. The results of field experimentation showed that hydraulic retention time was the earliest in July and August 2003, and there were not any particular changes of monthly water temperature in inflow water and outflow water. As we look at the changes taken place in inflow water and outflow water throughout the whole experiment period, the change of water quality in summer was salient, especially SS removal ratio showed distinguished change as 25%, when the pebble filter and aquatic were attached to it. The removal rate of COD, total N total P were 14.7%, 8% and 9%, respectively. In relating the length of water extension to the change in water quality, the water quality tended to get lower generally in proportion to hydraulic retention time.