This study collected powder extinguishers with 6-10 years of elapsed life from January 2012 to January 2017 in market, factory, and apartment areas to experiment with changes in fineness and to examine the characteristics of extinguishing power. First, in the case of ABC powder, 98.3 wt% of the 8-year market area and 98.6 wt% of the 10-year apartment complex were found to be inappropriate in the first, second, and third arithmetic average analysis of the powder extinguisher from 6 to 10 years. That is, the fine distribution and size of the powder extinguishing agent particles should be managed within an appropriate range. It is analyzed that the powder fire extinguisher may experience a change in the fineness of the powder depending on the external environment exposure, placement, management status, and age of use, resulting in a decrease in digestive power or inability to radiate. Second, the fire extinguisher cannot be used in the initial fire suppression depending on the place of deployment, the environment of deployment, the progress of the number of years of use, and maintenance, so it is necessary to strengthen the device that enables fire extinguisher maintenance and inspection. Third, in the manufacturing process, the charging method should also be reviewed in consideration of the conditions of the workplace, the humid season, and the rainy environment.

According to the ‘Basic Plan for High-Level Radioactive Waste Management (draft)’, the total amount of CANDU spent nuclear fuel is expected to be approximately 660,000 bundles. To safely and efficiently transport this amount to interim storage facilities, it is essential to develop a large-capacity transport cask. Therefore, we have been developing a large-capacity PHWR spent nuclear fuel transport cask, called the KTC-360 transport cask. According to the transport-cask related regulations, the KTC-360 transport cask was classified as a Type B package, and such packages must be able to withstand a temperature of 800°C for a period of 30 min. It is desirable to conduct a test using a fullscale model of a shipping package when performing tests to evaluate its integrity. However, it is costly to perform a test using a full-scale model. Therefore, to evaluate the thermal integrity of the KTC-360 transport cask, the fire test was conducted using a slice model. For comparison purposes, the fire test was also carried out using a 1/4 scale model. In the fire test using a slice model and in the fire test using a 1/4 scale model, the maximum temperature of the cask body was lower than the permitted maximum temperature limit. Therefore, the thermal integrity of the KTC-360 transport cask could be considered to be maintained. The temperature results from the fire test using a slice model were higher than those of the fire test using a 1/4 scale model. Therefore, the effect of flame on a transport cask without combustible materials, such as the KTC-360 transport cask, seems to be affected by the reduction in the time rather than the size reduction.

필로티 공간을 주차장으로 활용할 경우 차량 화재에 대한 위험성이 발생한다. 한 대의 차량에서 화재가 발생하게 되 면 차량 간의 거리가 밀접하므로 주차되어있는 여러 대의 차량에 화재가 빠르게 전이되며 차량의 높은 열방출율과 온도로 인해 폭발 위험성이 있다. 이러한 화재에 취약한 필로티 구조 특성으로 인해 짧은 시간 동안 주차공간이 화염에 휩싸이게 되며 화재 가 확대되어 주변 건물까지 화재 위험이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 필로티 주차공간 실화재 실험을 통해 화염의 성장크기 와 전파속도에 따라 필로티 기둥의 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 화재에 노출된 CN준불연 및 CFRP 보강 필로티 기둥의 내화 및 연소성능을 평가하고자 한다.

The live fire test has been playing a critical role in evaluating the goals-to-meet of the weapon systems which utilize the power of explosives. As such, the successful development of the test systems therein is quite important. The test systems development covers that of ranges and facilities including system-level key components such as mission control, instrumentation or observation, safety control, electric power, launch pad, and so on. In addition, proper operational guidelines are needed with well-trained test and operation personnel. The emerging weapon systems to be deployed in future battle field would thus have to be more precise and dynamic, smarter, thereby requiring more elaboration. Furthermore, the safety consideration is becoming more serious due to the ever-increasing power of explosives. In such a situation, development of live fire test systems seems to be challenging. The objective of the paper is on how to incorporate the safety and other requirements in the development. To achieve the goal, an architectural approach is adopted by utilizing both the system components relationship and safety requirement when advanced instrumentation technology needs to be developed and deteriorated components of the range are replaced. As an evaluation method, it is studied how the level of maturity of the test systems development can be assessed particularly with the safety requirement considered. Based on the concepts of both systems engineering and SoS (System-of-Systems) engineering process, an enhanced model for the system readiness level is proposed by incorporating safety. The maturity model proposed would be helpful in assessing the maturity of safety-critical systems development whereas the costing model would provide a guide on how the reasonable test resource allocation plan can be made, which is based on the live fire test scenario of future complex weapon systems such as SoS.

Successful development of weapon systems requires a stringent verification and validation (V&V) process due to the nature of the weapons in which continual increase of operational capability makes the system requirements more complicated to meet. Thus, test and evaluation (T&E) of weapon systems is becoming more difficult. In such a situation, live fire tests appear to be effective and useful methods in not only carrying out V&V of the weapon systems under development, but also increasing the maturity of the end users operability of the system. However, during the process for live fire tests, a variety of accidents or mishaps can happen due to explosion, pyro, separation, and so on. As such, appropriate means to mitigate mishap possibilities should be provided and applied during the live fire tests. To study a way of how to accomplish it is the objective of this paper. To do so, top-level sources of hazard are first identified. A framework for T&E is also described. Then, to enhance the test range safety, it is discussed how test scenarios can be generated. The proposed method is based on the use of the anticipatory failure determination (AFD) and multiple event tree analysis (ETA) in analyzing range safety. It is intended to identify unexpected hazard components even in the environment with constraints. It is therefore expected to reduce accident possibilities as an alternative to the traditional root-cause analysis.

As a result of an analysis of a damper system, a solution to a fire damper is developed using the continuity equation of damper control and orthogonal array. The fire damping device is made with a CAE software. Additionally, new H-120 grade fire damper is designed for the optimal offshore structure. This device will soon be tested on an actual offshore structure. An optimized fire temper is finally achieved using an orthogonal array. Using the result of present study will provide an environment friendly fire damper for offshore plants by choosing the optimum fire damper conditions

In weapon systems development, live fire tests have been frequently adopted to evaluate the performance of the systems under development. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure safety in the test ranges where the live fire tests can cause serious hazards. During the tests, a special care must be taken to protect the test and evaluation (T&E) personnel and also test assets from potential danger and hazards. Thus, the development and management of the range safety process is quite important in the tests of guided missiles and artillery considering the explosive power of the destruction. Note also that with a newly evolving era of weapon systems such as laser, EMP and non-lethal weapons, the test procedure for such systems is very complex. Therefore, keeping the safety level in the test ranges is getting more difficult due to the increased unpredictability for unknown hazards. The objective of this paper is to study on how to enhance the safety in the test ranges. To do so, an approach is proposed based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Specifically, a functional architecture is derived utilizing the MBSE method for the design of the range safety process under the condition that the derived architecture must satisfy both the complex test situation and the safety requirements. The architecture developed in the paper has also been investigated by simulation using a computer-aided systems engineering tool. The systematic application of this study in weapon live tests is expected to reduce unexpected hazards and test design time. Our approach is intended to be a trial to get closer to the recent theme in T&E community, "Testing at the speed of stakeholder's need and rapid requirement for rapid acquisition."

Recently, in circumstantial situation it is recommended positively to utilize of EIFS(Exterior Insulating and Finishing System) as energy policy for economizing energy. But internal EPS insulators of EIFS are exterior panel of high fire risk, because of constituting of flammable materials to be fragile in fire. In this study, fire risk is assessed by experiment Con Calorimeter test and SBI(Single Burning Item) test. As the result of experiment, Con Calorimeter tests do not reach to capability standard of internal incombustible grade, and are assessed as low grade in SBI incombustible grade. Because EIPS is exterior material in buildings with high fire risk in spite of good efficiency, it is required rapidly to take measures to meet situation through various studies(for instance, adjusting law regulation, etc.) in the future.

In this study, for the assesment of the seismic performance of a riser pipe with groove joints, in-plane cyclic loading tests were conducted using the pipe installation method suggested by NFPA13 and the allowable side sway of KBC. In addition, elbow and tee, which are weak parts of piping system, were separated and component test was performed under the same conditions.

콘크리트는 내화재료로서 우수한 성능을 발휘하지만 화재가 지속됨에 따른 재료특성 변화 또는 성능저하의 위험을 갖는다. 이 연 구는 실물모형 철근 콘크리트 (RC) 보를 활용하여 비재하 화재 실험을 수행하여 화재노출 전후의 콘크리트 및 보강철근의 재료특성을 실험적 으로 분석한 연구이다. 화재실험에 사용된 보는 길이 4 m의 RC 보로서 KS F 2257 화재실험 규격에 따라 시험 체를 제작 및 화재실험을 수행하 였다. 화원의 가력은 ISO 834의 표준화재 곡선을 사용하였으며 보 가열부에서의 온도를 계측하고자 하면 및 측면에 열전대를 설치하였다. 실 험결과, 화재에 노출된 화재 코어 공시체의 경우 약 11 MPa로 약 66%의 강도저하가 발생하였다. 화재에 직접 노출된 철근의 경우 노출되지 않 은 철근에 비해 약 17%에 해당하는 75 MPa의 항복강도 저하를 나타낸 것으로 분석되었다. 철근의 경우 콘크리트라는 내화피복에 의하여 보호 되어 약 4시간의 화재 실험에서도 온도는 한계온도의 최댓값인 649°C를 크게 상회하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

건축물의 대표적인 구조는 철근콘크리트조와 철골조를 들 수 있으며, 이때 철골조는 화재발생시 철골이 고온에 노출되면 내력저하 현상이 발생하여 내화피복을 의무화하고 있다. 내화피복재는 내화뿜칠재와 내화도료로 크게 분류되며, 국내의 고층 건축물에서는 주로 내화뿜칠재를 사용하고 있으며, 국가에서 운영하는 내화구조인정제도에 의해 내화뿜칠재의 내화성능에 대한 인정 취득 후 사용하도록 하고 있다. 그러나, 내화구조 인정제도는 제품의 초기성능 평가에 중점을 두고 있어 내화뿜칠재의 장기적인 내구성에 대한 검토가 요구되어 왔으며, 미국의 세계무역센터 붕괴 최종보고서에서도 내구성 검토를 언급함에 따라 미국, 유럽 등에서는 2000년대 중반부터 내화뿜칠재에 대한 내구성 평가방법을 제정 및 사용하고 있는 반면 국내에서는 적절한 대응이 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에서 내화뿜칠재의 90%이상이 업무용시설의 천장내에 시공되는 등 주로 옥내에서 사용되는 점에 착안하여 다양한 조건의 내구성 평가방법에 앞서 국내의 옥내 환경조건에 대응한 내화뿜칠재의 촉진내구성 평가방법을 정립하여 내화뿜칠재의 내구성 평가 및 기술개발에 활용함으로써 내구성 관련 기술을 향상시키는데 기여하고자 한다.

샌드위치패널은 시공상의 용이함과 비용대비 높은 단열효과를 가지는 장점으로 공장 및 창고등 많은 분야에서 시공이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 지난 안성 냉동창고 화재사고에서 볼 수 있는 가연성 패널이 가지는 화재확산 위험성이 상존하고 있어 대형 화재사고의 주범으로 지목되고 있으며, 소방활동을 하는 일선 소방관들에게 큰 위해 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 샌드위치패널의 화재위험성을 평가하기 위하여 가연성 패널과 글라스울 패널의 비교실험을 실시 하였다. 실험을 위하여 ISO 9705에서 제시된 구획실을 구성하였으며 내부에는 목재크립을 적재하여 화재를 모사하였다. 실험결과 가연성 패널의 경우 화재발생 후 약 2분후에 플래쉬오버가 발생하여 붕괴가 진행되었으며, 내부 최대온도는 976℃로 고온으로 측정되었다. 따라서 현재의 시편크기의 시험에서는 평가하기 어려운 구조적 안정성등 종합적인 화재 안전 평가를 위한 실규모의 화재 성능 평가법(KS F ISO 9705등)의 도입이 적극 검토되어야 할 것으로 평가된다.

건축물에서의 성능기반 화재안전 설계를 위해서는 우선적으로 구획 내에서의 화재성장 및 크기를 예측하고 이 결과를 통하여 연기제어 및 피난 활동 등을 평가할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실규모의 구획 화재실험을 통해 구획 공간에서의 화재성장 및 크기를 예측하고자 하였다.

To predict the size of fire in the building, it was conducted a real fire experiment with a manufactured mock-up that had unit block size of 2.44 (L) × 3.6 (W) × 2.4 (H) m. The real fire testing was proceeded under scenario in which the fire starts from trash and is spread to all of real inflammable materials put beforehand inside the unit block such as bed, wardrobe and chest of drawers. As a experimental result, the fire grew rapidly about 120 seconds after the ignition, whose maximum heat release rate was 2658.9 kW.

화재 현장은 매우 높은 온도 및 습도가 요구되는 장소이며, 또한 소화활동 중에도 폭발 및 붕괴 등의 위험이 상존하는 장소이다. 이러한 극한 환경에서 근무하고 있는 소방대원에게 소방진압복은 생명을 담보하는 중요한 장비이며, 이 기초장비의 성능이 화재진압의 성공과 실패에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 그러나 유럽 및 미국의 소방진압복의 성능기준과 국내 소방진압복의 성능기준에 있어 일부 차이가 있다. 본 연구에서는 각 대륙별 소방진압복의 성능기준을 비교 검토하여 공통시험기준 및 비공통시험기준을 도출하여 소방대원들이 보다 안전하고 효율적으로 화재진압활동을 수행할 수 있도록 기존 국내 소방진압복의 시험기준에 화재현장의 환경조건에 필수적인 시험기준(안)을 선정하여 추후 시험기준의 개정 추진시 신규 시험기준(안)을 추가할 수 있는 이론적 배경을 제시하고자 한다.