해수의 서로 다른 물성이 만나는 해양 전선은 해수의 열교환 및 운동량 교환, 물성의 혼합과정과 같은 해양 역학적 과정과 해양-대기 상호작용으로 기상변화와 기후 변화를 조절하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 해양 전선이 중등 학교 교과서에는 해류가 만난다는 의미를 가지는 ‘조경 수역’이라는 용어로 사용되고 있으며 동해 어장과의 관련성을 제시하고 있다. 그러나 고등교육과 해양과학자들은 지난 수십 년 동안 이 이 용어를 사용하지 않고 있어서 용어의 적절성이 조사되어야 하며 오개념을 제거할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 2015 개정교육과정에 기반한 중등학교 교과서 11종(중학교 5종, 고등학교 6종)을 활용하여 이와 관련된 교과 내용을 분석하였다. 또한 중등학교 과학교사 30인을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 이 문제에 대한 교사들의 인지 정도를 분석하였다. 조경 수역과 어장에 관한 교과서의 내용을 분석한 결과, 과학적 사실과 부합하지 않는 상당히 많은 오류와 오개념이 발견되었다. 교과서에서 조경 수역이라는 개념이 한류와 난류가 만나는 의미로 주로 활용되고 있으나, 수온, 염분, 밀도, 유속 등 해양의 서로 다른 물성이 접하는 ‘해양 전선’이라는 포괄적인 용어로 대체하는 것이 바람직하다. 교과서에서는 어장의 계절변동을 겨울에 남하하고 여름에 북상하고 북한한류의 계절변동과 연결하고 설명하고 있지만 이는 북한한류의 여름철 강화에 관한 그동안의 과학적 사실에 위배되는 내용이다. 동해의 어장은 동해안 좁은 영역에 국한된 것이 아니라 훨씬 더 넓은 해역에 광범 위하게 분포하고 있다. 교사들의 설문 결과는 이러한 오개념이 지난 수십 년 동안 지속되어 왔음을 입증하였다. 본 연구는 조경 수역, 어장, 북한한류와 관련된 오개념을 수정하기 위한 과학적 지식의 중요성과 교육과정으로의 전달 과정의 중요성을 강조하였다. 향후 이 연구가 교과서 수정과 교사교육에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있기를 기대한다.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the fishing grounds of trawl fishery, which are operating in the waters around Jeju Island, and to investigate the monthly shifting changes of the explored fishing grounds. Information on AIS of fishing vessels operating near Jeju Island was collected and analyzed from October 16, 2016 to October 16, 2017. Thus, the location of fishing vessels with the same operational characteristics as those in this industry was extracted and displayed on Google Maps' location drawings to analyze the dense distribution of fishing vessels according to the frequency of their appearance. In the distribution of fishing vessels that appeared in October, a wide range of fishing grounds connecting the upper and lower waters of the 221 and 222 sea of fishing area was found to have gradually expanded and increased density, showing the widest range and highest density in December, and then gradually decreasing from January 2017 to near extinction in May. The distribution of fishing vessels that appeared in the left and lower waters of the 243 sea estuary increased not only in November and December, but also in the appearing sea areas gradually moved to the 242 sea and the range of their appearance was extended to the 241 sea. In other words, the highly dense fishing area in December indirectly shows that it is winter fishing grounds for these industries. The distribution of these dense fishing vessels gradually moved north and west with each passing day, reducing their density and reaching a near extinction in August. However, in September, the density was gradually restored again. Fishing vessels that appeared in high density in the northern waters of the 224 sea east of the Yeoseo island in December were thought to be fishing vessels, whose density decreased over time, almost disappeared in May, and reappeared in July and August, showing a certain degree of density, and then decreased again.

In the area around Jeju Island, the squid jigging fishery and the hair-tail angling are popular. Therefore, the study on the characteristics of the formation and shift of fishing grounds is very important. We have received and analyzed AIS data of all vessels around Jeju Island from October 16, 2016 to October 16, 2017, and extracted the positions of the fishing vessels with the same operational characteristics as the fishing vessels of their fisheries. The distribution chart of the frequency of fishing vessels appearing in each predefined fishing grid (1 NM × 1 NM) was analyzed. So we took a analogy with the monthly shift of fishing grounds. Many fishing vessels appeared in the seas around Jeju Island from November 2016 to January 2017, and the frequency of their appearance was maintained. In November, however, fishing vessels were mostly concentrated in coastal waters. Yet, the density gradually weakened as they moved into January. From February, the frequency itself began to decline, making it the worst in April. The high concentration of fishing vessels in the waters leading from Jeju Island's northwest coast to south coast in November is believed to be related to the yellowtail fishery that are formed annually in the coastal waters off the island of Marado. In May 2017, the appearance frequency of fishing vessels increased and began to show a concentration in coastal waters around Jeju Island. Fishing vessels began to flock in waters northwest of Jeju Island beginning in July and peaked in August, and by September, fishing vessels were moving south along the coast of Jeju Island, weakening the density and spreading out. Between July and August, fishing vessels were concentrated in waters surrounding Jeju Island, which is believed to be related to the operations of fishing vessels for the squid jigging fishery and the hair-tail angling.

This article’s aim is to review the jurisprudence which has emerged pursuant to the international dispute settlement provisions and to provide a provisional expectation as to the future of international dispute settlement under“UNCLOS”. Globally, marine fisheries play an important role in ocean biodiversity and the food security of millions of people, providing a vital source of high-quality dietary protein and supporting individuals’livelihoods and income. In the 1982 Convention, the establishment of co-operative mechanisms for effective monitoring, control, surveillance and enforcement, decision-making procedures facilitating the adoption of such measures of conservation and management, and the promotion of the peaceful settlement of disputes are called for. In this study,‘Northeast Asian Sea’means that the Yellow/ East China Sea, the East Sea, the Ohotsk Sea, the Kamchaka Sea, the Alaska Sea, and the Bering Sea surrounded by Korea, China, Japan, Russia, U.S.A. and Canada including their EEZs. There are several bilateral fisheries agreements existing in Northeast Asian area, the Fisheries Agreement between Republic Korea and Japan, between Republic of Korea and China, between China and Japan, between Republic Korea and U.S.A., between Republic Korea and Russia, between Russia and Japan, And there are several regional fisheries organizations existing in Northeast Asian area, for example NPAFC(Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean), CBSPC (Convention on the Central Bering Sea Pollack Conservation), PICES(North Pacific Marine Science Organization), NPFC(North Pacific Fishery Commi-ssion) etc. It analyzed the proliferation of bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties due to the adoption of the EEZ in Northeast Asia reviewed the strengthening of management rights on the high seas marine living resources and marine environment preservation of regional fisheries organizations. In view of the changes in the international fisheries mechanism this paper suggested the future direction of the country in overseas fisheries. We concluded as follows. We shall apply bilateral treaties first, regional fisheries organizations’treaties secondly, and provisions under“UNCLOS”for dispute settlement last.

일반적인 수산자원조성사업은 인위적인 환경수용력 및 수산자원의 증대를 통해 어장생산성 향상, 수산물의 안정적 공급, 다양한 바다 이용 수요에의 대응을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이중 대표적인 자원조성사업중의 하나가 인공어초어장 조성이다. 인공어초를 이용한 어장의 자원량 생산성은 어초의 구조형태, 시설높이, 시설량, 배치형태, 어초 간의 거리 등 많은 요인에 의해서 영향을 받는다. 이러한 관점에서 최근 인공어초어장 조성을 위해 일반어초로 선정된 인공어초를 대상으로 시설기준 및 현실태를 살펴보고 그 효과를 평가하기 위한 해석방법을 고찰하였다.

To study the catching efficiency of biodegradable trammel net for swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), three types (biodegradable, monofilament and multifilament) of trammel nets were used in the field test, and the tests were carried out 16 times with two different mesh sizes (105mm and 160mm) in the Yeonpyeong fishing ground of Korea, 2009~2011. The catching efficiency of three type nets was analyzed by catch in number, catch in weight and average weight per individual of small and large size swimming crab by net types and mesh sizes. Statistical T-test was also carried out to verify the efficiency between the three types of nets. The results are as follows. The catch in number of swimming crab was 24,667 and formed about 81.0% of total catch. Of all swimming crab catch, small swimming crabs with less than 64mm in carapace length which is a prohibited landing size by law formed 48.1%, larger swimming crabs with more than 64mm in carapace length which is a landing size formed 51.9%. In 105mm mesh size trammel net test, the catch share in number of small size swimming crab by biodegradable trammel net was 47.5% in comparison with multifilament trammel net and 74.2% in comparison with monofilament trammel net, so biodegradable trammel net has more protective effects on small size swimming crab than other types of trammel nets. The protective effects for small size swimming crab by biodegradable trammel net was 25.8~52.5% in comparison with other types of trammel nets. The catch share in weight of large size swimming crab by biodegradable trammel net was 98.3% in comparison with multifilament trammel net and 92.3% in comparison with monofilament trammel net, so biodegradable trammel net has a similar catch efficiency to multifilament trammel net. The results of 160mm mesh size trammel net test have shown similar results of 105mm mesh size trammel net test. This study shows that biodegradable trammel net is a more useful fishing gear than multifilament and monofilament trammel net because biodegradable trammel net has lower catch rate than other types of nets in small size swimming crab and similar catch rate than multifilament trammel net which is a well used net by fishermen.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of fishing condition variation of anchovy in the set net fisheries of Anggang Bay, the monthly catch of anchovy was analyzed and examined based on the data acquired from 2006 to 2010 in 13 different fishing grounds. Anchovy consistently appeared from April to December and reached the production of 840 to 1,424 t (average : 1,228 t), with a big annual variation. However, anchovy production in this area accounts for approximately 75% of the production by set net in Anggang Bay whereas it holds 6.8% of the nationwide production (=18,034 t) by set net. The school of anchovy starts to appear in April at the west mouth of the bay and move north-eastward. Afterward, having three of clockwise turns in the middle of the bay, they scatter to swim into the deep place of the bay and finally go out to turn back to their coming way. These behaviors of anchovy are likely related to thermal fronts as well as distributions of food. The production of anchovy (y, kg) relied greatly on frequencies of effective northeasterly (x1) or northwesterly (x2) wind (≤3.5m/s) which blow between April and June. Their relationships are as follows: y=1086.27+21.499x1-15.16x2 (r=0.901). Consequently, we concluded that the northeasterly wind, which appears in the breeding season of spring, played a role to retard the movement of anchovy school to the eastern sea, while the northwesterly wind inhibits the invasion of anchovy school into the bay.

In order to offer data about fisheries resources management and prediction of catch on large purse seine fisheries, the fluctuation of the fisheries condition and distributions of fishing ground for mackerel were analysed with monthly catch data for 1990.2009. The overall catch has decreased to about 70% since 1997, with approximately 70% of the mackerel (Scomber japonicus) catch and monthly fluctuations showing a similar pattern. Monthly distribution of fishing ground is like distribution of mackerel in large purse seine fishery. The main fishing grounds are near Jeju Island and the Yellow sea with the main fishing season existing between October to December. The catches fluctuations and distribution of fishing ground were related to the effect of regime shifts. Therefore, in order to prediction of catch on large purse seine fisheries should be studied these relationships.

This paper was concentrated on the distribution and the composition of lost fishing gear on the sea bed around yellow croaker fishing ground in the near sea of Jeju, Korea from April to October 2009 in order to improve the fishery environment. Recovering lost fishing gears was carried out total 10 times with a trawlnet along the isobath. As the result, it seems reasonable to conclude that the amount of lost fishing gear has a deep connection with the dip of the sea bed as well as the fishing gear scale, fishing ground and so on. The amount of recovered lost fishing gears were in order of gillnets, dragged gears, traps and ropes. In particular, traps were recovered almost every time within the survey area.

The forming of fishing ground and the population ecological characteristics of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, in the coastal waters off Gim-nyeong of Jeju Island were investigated. The stock of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, between Jeju Island and coastal areas of the East Sea is probably the same. Water temperature probably is a major factor for controlling distribution of yellowtails in deeper, offshore areas off Jeju Island. However, the major factor that determines aggregation of yellowtails in coastal areas of Jeju Island, especially off Gim-nyeong is probably strong tidal currents driven by distribution of yellowtails rather than hydrological conditions such as Yellowtails collected off Jeju Island were from 1 to 4yrs old and about 50% of them were 1-yr old, probably indicating overfishing. Jack mackerel was the major prey item for yellowtails off Gim-nyeong from October to March, suggesting concurrence of the two species.

The fisheries resources by a set net in the coastal waters off Neungpo, Goeje Island from 2003 to 2004 were studied to determine species composition and catch variation. The main fishing period by a set net were from April to December in 2003 and from May to December in 2004. A total weight of 48 species caught through the survey period was 540,688.0kg. Most of them were 44 species of fishes and a few were 4 species of cephalopods. Dominant species was Trachurus japonicus accounting to 57.5% in total catch. Sub-dominant species were Trichiurus lepturus(12.9%), Engraulis japonicus(10.6%), Scomber japonicus(6.9%), Clupea pallasii(4.5%), Todarodes pacificus(2.8%) and Parapristipoma trilineaturm(1.3%). The remnant species showed a low catch, indicating the catch had less than 1% in total, respectively. T. japonicus and T. lepturus were caught throughout the survey period, but C. pallasii, Gadus macrocephalus, Oncorhynchus keta in low temperature season and Thunnus obesus in high temperature season. The fishing ground temperature was 11.7-24.0℃ in range and the catch by a set net was higher in autumn than in spring and in summer with the variation of fishing ground temperature. The annual catch by a set net was much higher in 2004 than in 2003 due to high temperature(〉17℃) and the recruitment of T. japonicus from offshore seas. Therefore we concluded that the catch of Neungpo fishing ground by a set net was highly related to the variation of T. japonicus catch with fishing ground temperature.