Taguchi methodology has been applied to get an idea about the parameters related to the chemical vapour deposition technique, which influences the formation of semiconducting carbon thin film of a desired band gap. L9 orthogonal array was used for this purpose. The analysis based on Taguchi methodology suggests that amongst the parameters selected, the temperature of pyrolysis significantly controls the magnitude of band gap (46%). Sintering time has a small influence (30%) on the band gap formation and other factors have almost no influence on the band gap formation. Moreover this analysis suggests that lower temperature of pyrolysis (≤ 750℃) and lower time of sintering (≤ 1 h) should be preferred to get carbon thin film with the desired band gap of 1.2eV.

This study develops a improved gate assignment algorithm and decision support system using its algorithm to extract a assignment result minimizing a walking distance of passengers in airport and maximizing the utilization rate of avaliable gates in domestic airports. By operation support system, it may contribute greatly in efficient enlargement of airport operation and increase the airport reliability through quickly coping with takeoff and landing delay of flight due to weather change, preservation and repair of gate, etc. Also, passengers who use airport terminal can minimize time and walking distance for departure, arrival, and transit, and it may greatly reduce the additional operation cost for common gates through maximizing the utilization rate for exclusive usage gates for airplanes which use gates.

The oocyte and its surrounding granulosa cells co-exist in a closed compartment called a follicle, although they receive many signals from other parts of the body. It is well established that the intercellular communications between the oocyte and granulosa cells are required for normal oocyte development and ovulation during folliculogenesis. Gap junctions are intercellular channels allowing the direct transmission of ions and small molecules between coupled cells. Several lines of studies have shown that multiple connexins (Cx, subunits of gap junction) are expressed in mammalian ovarian follicles. Among them, two major connexins Cx37 and Cx43 are expressed in different manner. While the gap junction channels formed by Cx37 are localized between the oocyte and encompassing granulosa cells, the intercellular channels by Cx43 are located between granulosa cells. In this review, I will summarize the general properties of gap junction channels and discuss their possible formation (or compatibility) of intercellular channels formed by the oocyte and granulosa cells.

Flour extraction was analyzed by milling different varieties of wheat with different gaps of break rolls of Buhler automatic laboratory mill MLU-202. Straight flour extraction increased with decrease in the roll gap, which was mainly due to increase in break-related flour extraction, especially the flour from the first break roll. Farina extraction also increased with decrease in the roll gap, which contained a large amount of shorts and relatively small amount of flour. Straight flour extraction of wheat with larger kernel diameter was higher, but their correlation was not significant. Meanwhile, the kernel hardness showed significant (-) correlation with the flour extraction and (+) correlation with the shorts extraction. Consequently, the effect of the break roll gap was significant on the flour extraction, and the kernel hardness influenced the flour extraction more than the kernel diameter.

The purpose of this study was to compare visual analogue scale (VAS), pain threshold (PT), , and EMG gaps before and after applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the upper trapezius muscle at the patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). The subjects were 4 men and 10 women composed of both the inpatients and outpatients who were diagnosed as MPS at Wonju Medical Center. VAS and PT measurements were performed to assess the subjective pain level. The reference voluntary contraction (RVC) test was performed for 15 seconds for normalization on the bilateral trapezius muscle using surface electromyography (sEMG). After 3-minute resting time, the EMG signal was recorded while performing a typing activity for 2 minutes and then TENS was applicated with a comfortable intensity for 10 minutes. The EMG activity of the upper trapezius muscle was recorded during typing for 2 minutes. The results of study were as follows: 1) VAS score was significantly decreased on the more painful side after treatment, however, it was not significantly different on the less painful side. 2) PT was increased after treatment on both sides, however, it was not significantly different between before and after the TENS application. 3) The EMG activity during typing was significantly decreased after treatment, and 4) The EMG gaps were significantly increased after TENS treatment compared to before it. Consequently, the study showed that TENS was effective in decreasing VAS, , and in increasing EMG gaps. The EMG gap analysis could be a useful method to measure pain in patients with MPS in the upper trapezius.

갑천수계에 서식하고 있는 어류군집에 대한 t조사는 200년 3월부터 12월까지 3개 하천의 17개 지점을 중심으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 갑천수계에 서식하고 있는 어류는 모두 8과 29속 36종이 확인되었는데, 그 중에서 잉어과가 25종으로 전체 어종의 69.4%로 가장 많았고, 다음은 미꾸리과로 4종(11.1%)이고, 동자개과는 2종이었고, 메기과, 꺽지과, 동사리과, 망둥어과, 가물치과 등은 각각 1종씩 출현하였다. 갑천 수계에서 확인된 어류중에서 가

To investigate the modifying effect of Kwao Kreu, Pueraria mirifica (PM), we performed two kind of studies which are the non-surgical medium-term carcinogenicity study and the modulation of gap functional intercellular communication study. The first study, a non-surgical medium-term carcinogenicity bioassay was done to investigate the modifying effect of Kwao Kent, Pueraria mirifica (PM), a rejuvenating folk medicine from Thailand, on the male F344 rat liver. Specific pathogen free, male 6-week-old F344 rats were divided into ten groups. To induce hepatocarcinogenesis, those in all groups were given a single i.p. injection of DEN (200 mg/kg) and were received two i.p. injection of DGA (300 mg/kg) at the ends of weeks 2 and 5. Rats of group 3-6 were given sodium phenobarbital (PB 0.05 % in drink). A diet containing 10 mg/kg PM was given to group 2 during the post-initiation phase and to groups 4 and 5 during promotion and initiation phase, respectively. Group 6 was given the experimental diet alone throughout the experiment (8 weeks). Rats of group 7, 8, 9 and 10 were fed 1000 mg/kg PM in the same manner as group 2, 4, 5 and 6. All animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks after DEN administration. Result of the iimmunohistochemical staining of the glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-p) indicated that the numbers and areas of the preneoplastic leisions were not significantly changed in all PM treatment group comparing to control group. A.Iso the numbers and areas of GST-p positive foci among group 7, 8, 9 and 10 were not significantly changed in comparing to control group. To study the effect of PM on the modulation of gap functional intercellular communication, the present study was performed scrape-loading dye transfer (SL/DT) assay in human keratinocytes. The results showed that PM could not modulate GJIC. These results indicate that Pueraria mirifzca may have no carcinogenic effects on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and gap functional intercellular communication in human keratinocyte.

This study verified the influence of socioeconomic status on the subjective well-being of the elderly and the mediating effect of social justice. A statistical analysis of 4257 data in the China CGSS 2017 database was carried out. The analysis results show that socioeconomic status and social justice have a positive impact on the subjective well-being of the elderly, and the social justice plays an incomplete intermediary role. Based on the results of the analysis, this study puts forward several suggestions in terms of policy and practice. First, government may gradually increase the level of pension benefits of the elderly, and provide minimum living security. Second, the community should provide amenities for the elderly to settle their life inconveniences. This research will help improve the subjective well-being of the elderly.

목적: 본 연구는 건강 행동을 설명하기 위해 새롭게 떠오르고 있는 시간적 자기조절 이론에 대한 부분적인 검증으로, 운동 참여 정도에 따라 운동의 이득과 비용을 인지하는 시점에 차이가 있는지 확인하고 의도와 의도-행동 불일치에 있어서 조절효과를 나타내는 변인을 검증하는 것에 있다. 방법: 이를 위하여 단계적 변화모형의 운동 행동 변화 단계(Prochaska & Marcus, 1994)를 기준으로 계획, 준비, 행동, 유지 단계에 해당하는 20대 여성을 단계별로 25명씩 모집하여 총 100명을 대상으로 3가지 인지테스트를 실시하고 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 이용하여 기술통계, 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석, 일원배치 분산 분석, 단순 회귀분석, 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 첫째, 운동행동 단계와 관계없이 모든 집단에서 운동에 대한 비용을 이득 보다 먼저 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 계획단계보다 유지단계에서 운동에 대한 이득을 인지하는 시점이 빨랐고, 이득과 비용을 인지하는 시간적 격차가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 운동의도가 의도-행동 불일치에 유의 한 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 의도가 높아질수록 의도-행동 불일치는 낮아지는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 의도가 의도-행동 불일치에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 Stroop test의 불일치 조건 반응시간, Tower of London의 total move score 및 initial time이 조절 효과를 나타냈다. 넷째, 의도가 의도-행동 불일치에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 자기통제의 하위요인인 자제력과 집중력은 조절 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구는 시간적 자기조절 이론의 바탕이 되는 시간적 특성을 운동 단계에 따라 살펴보고, 자기 조절능력을 자기 통제의 개념과 구분하여 검증하였다는 것에 의의가 있다. 시간적 자기 조절이론이 건강 행동에 대한 설명력을 높이고 다양한 연 구 분야에서 유용성을 확장해 나가기 위해선 추후 이론을 구성하는 변인들에 대한 추가적인 검토가 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

The relationship between education and work is of the greatest concern to individuals and society because they are the key drivers of growth and development. In the context of Industry 4.0, labor and educators are facing the challenges of big changes in the workplace. How to prepare undergraduate students for the world of employment has become the most important mission of higher education providers. This paper explored the competency gap in the labor market in Vietnam from the perspective of employees who have been dissatisfied with the current status. First, a qualitative method with the Delphi technique was applied to confirm this consensus in an employees’ competency model. Then, the satisfaction level for each competency criterion was explored by applying the advance quantitative method, namely, best non-fuzzy performance approach. Lifelong learning was ranked first, followed by creativity and innovation, foreign languages, expertise and digitalization, adaptability, and finally, organizing and managing ability. Critical thinking and problem-solving were perceived to have the biggest gap. The order of competency satisfaction is useful in explaining the mismatch between education quality and labor market demand. The findings provide valuable guidelines for education managers who seek to bridge the competency gap and improve education quality.

This study aims to describe the perceptions of accounting students and expectations of employers towards the skills and knowledge needed by accounting graduates in Indonesia. Quantitative method using survey is employed to analyze 103 questionnaires from students and 51 questionnaires from employers. The results showed that students’ perceived honesty, continuous learning, and work ethics are important skills, while employers stress the importance of work ethics, teamwork, and time management. Knowledge needed by accounting graduates in the perception of students includes financial accounting, financial reporting, and financial statement analysis, whereas employers perceived the importance of financial statement analysis, knowledge of Microsoft Office program, and financial accounting. Further analysis showed that there is an expectation gap between the perceptions of students and the expectations of employers towards skills – not knowledge – needed by accounting graduates. Although investigations of students’ perceptions and employers’ expectations have been conducted in previous studies, the information should be updated continuously to reflect the current conditions. This study offers the recent perceptions from students and employers to identify the current expectation gap. This study points to the importance of skills development in the university curriculum in order to develop the skillful human resources in accounting and meet the expectations of employers.

There exists a popular belief that the elderly are more conservative than the younger people in acceptability of new technology. This study explores whether the generation gap in technology acceptance exists in the case of using telepresence robots, which project the presence and mobility of remote operator, for the universal purpose of social participation rather than for specific applications. Two groups of senior citizens and undergraduate students in their twenties personally experienced the telepresence robots operation and conducted a survey on how they perceived the social participation of a remote operator mediated by telepresence robot and to what extent the remote operator deserve equal rights to be treated as if one really exists in the local environment. The results show that the elderly have higher expectation on the role and functions of telepresence robots, and more favorable in principle for a remote operator to exercise equal rights by operating telepresence robot. It suggests that the stereotypes, the elderly lag behind younger generation in accepting new technology, is unlikely to fit into the telepresence robot market, for the elderly have more favor and support using telepresence robots as an universal avatar for social participation.

The paper examines the characteristics and causes of the expectation gap of audit and assurance services. The paper has conducted three surveys with three target groups. In the first survey, participants are auditors, users of audit reports are subject in the second survey and in the third survey, and students major in auditing are selected. The content of the survey aims to find out the differences in perception of the survey participants on two issues: (i) responsibilities of auditors for detection frauds, errors, protection of the enterprise’s assets and financial scandals, and (ii) the role of audit and auditors in making investment decisions and investor’s belief. The research carried out survey from March to September 2019 with 165 responds. The collected data was processed by statistical software SPSS, version 23, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the results of the audit expectation gap between the auditor group and the users of audit report group and between the student group and users of audit report group. The results showed that there exists an expectation gap in the responsibility of auditors for detection of all frauds, errors and protection enterprise’s assets. Recommendations include strengthening audit standards, penalizing bad practices and ensuring auditor’s independence.