경복궁은 조선 건국과 함께 창건된 궁궐로 태종, 세 종, 세조를 거치면서 법궁(法宮)으로 위상을 갖췄으나, 임진왜란으로 소실되었다. 이후 선조를 시작으로 여러 국왕은 경복궁을 중건하기 위해 노력하였지만 결국 270 년간 중건하지 못하였다. 경복궁의 공지(空地)에는 내농포(內農圃)가 들어섰으 며, 때에 따라 군사훈련을 하거나 왕실의 말을 키우는 목장으로도 사용되었다. 소실 이후 경복궁에는 전각터를 비롯하여 궁성(宮城) 과 궁성문(宮城門), 수계(水系)와 천문 관련 시설 등이 남아 있었는데, 그중 궁성은 외부의 침입을 막기 위한 시설로 유지 관리되었다. 궁성문에는 돌을 쌓아 출입을 막았으나, 광화문 동협문에는 경복궁의 관리를 위해 별 도의 문을 두어 출입하도록 했다. 경복궁의 수계시설은 가뭄이 들었을 때 기우(祈雨)를 위해 정비되었으며, 영조 대에 들어 물이 잘 흐를 수 있 도록 준천(濬川)되었다. 이외에도 간의대(簡儀臺), 소간 의대(小簡儀臺) 등의 천문 관련 시설이 남아 있었으며, 천상열차분야지도 각석(天象列次分野之圖刻石)이 발견 되어 관상감(觀象監)으로 옮겨 보관하였다. 광화문 밖에 남아 있던 세조 대 제작된 동종(銅鐘)은 종각을 세워 보 호하였다. 경복궁의 수비와 관리를 위하여 공궐위장(空闕衛將) 과 수궁내관(守宮內官)이 경복궁 내에 위치한 위장소와 수궁에 상주하였으며, 매일 포도청과 삼군문이 경복궁 외부를 순라(巡邏)하였다. 이러한 인력을 통한 관리와 함께 난입과 벌목, 내맥(來脈)의 굴토(掘土)를 금지하는 금령(禁令)이 마련되었으며, 이를 어기는 경우 처벌하였 다. 이러한 경복궁의 관리와 함께 근정전, 사정전, 강녕 전, 경회루 등의 전각터에서는 선대왕의 고사를 바탕으 로 왕실행사가 계속되었다. 현종 대 강녕전 터에서는 신덕왕후(神德王后)의 종묘 부묘(祔廟)를 위한 제주(題柱)가 행해졌으며, 숙종은 경 복궁 신무문 밖에서 행해지는 회맹제(會盟祭)를 위해 경복궁에 친림하였는데, 이러한 회맹제 때 국왕이 경복 궁을 찾는 것은 이후 경종과 영조 대까지 이어졌다. 숙 종은 회맹제 외에도 세조 대 경회루에서 행해진 양로연 (養老宴)의 고사를 따라 노인연(老人宴)을 열었다. 영조는 회맹제를 시작으로 숙빈 최씨 사당의 전배(展 拜)와 관련하여 경복궁에 친림하였다. 이와 함께 경복궁 에서 과거시험을 열었으며, 친잠례(親蠶禮), 진작(進爵), 조참(朝參) 등을 행하였다. 영조 대 친잠단과 문소전 터에 세워진 어필비는 영조 이후에도 주기적으로 관리되었으며, 문소전구기비의 경 우 이후 국왕들이 지속적으로 전배하였다. 또 경복궁은 춘당대(春塘臺)와 함께 정시(庭試) 과장(科場)으로 정해 졌기 때문에 철종 때까지 정시가 계속 열렸다. 경복궁 신무문 밖 공지에서도 회맹제(會盟祭)와 군사 의례가 행해졌다. 영조 대 육상궁(毓祥宮)과 연호궁(延祜宮) 등의 사묘(祠廟)가 건립되고, 인원황후의 탄생지 인 양정재(養正齋)가 어필 봉안처가 됨에 따라 소란스 럽게 행해진 신조기휘제(新造旗麾祭), 호궤(胡跪) 등의 군사의례는 한양 내 다른 곳으로 옮겨져 행해졌다. 경복궁 중건을 위한 기초자료로써 문헌에 기록된 소 실 이전의 경복궁 전각배치와 중건 초기 경복궁 내의 수계와 내맥 등이 반영된 다양한 <경복궁도>가 제작되 었다. 고종 대 경복궁 중건은 경복궁 내부 청소를 시작으로 수계와 내맥이 정비되었다. 우선 경회루지와 후원지를 준척(濬滌)하였으며, 준척에서 나온 흙으로 내맥을 보토 하였다. 이와 함께 경회루지의 제방(堤防)과 첨계(檐階), 섬 등은 개축(改築)되었다. 수로 역시 정비되었는데 기 존에 관리되던 수문은 시설의 변화 없이 단순히 준천만 하였지만 관리되지 못한 수로와 수문은 새롭게 고쳐 쌓 았다. 경복궁 공지를 차지하고 있던 내농포와 궁성 밑 민가 들은 한양 곳곳으로 옮겨졌으며, 어필비각과 위장소와 수궁 역시 훼철되었다. 간의대와 소간의대를 훼철한 후 나온 석재는 경회루 첨계, 건춘문 지대석, 근정전 품계 석 등에 재사용되었으며, 광화문 밖 동종 역시 녹여 향 로와 토수(吐首) 등을 제작하였다. 신무문 북쪽 지역은 중건과 함께 경복궁 후원으로 포 함된다. 이에 따라 육상궁 동쪽에 담장을 쌓으면서 후원 안에 위치하게 된 연호궁은 창의궁(彰義宮)으로 이봉 (移奉)되었으며, 양정재는 영조와 정조의 어필 봉안처로 서 경복궁 후원에 남게 되었다. 경복궁 중건과 함께 궁성과 궁성문, 주요 전각터 등 은 훼철 후 다시 지어졌지만, 그 규모와 배치는 크게 바 뀌지 않았다. 다만 강녕전과 사정전 사이에 행각이 건설 되어 강녕전 전면 좌우 건물의 위치와 명칭에 변화가 있었다. 광화문과 강녕전에는 다른 궁궐과 같이 월대를 새롭게 쌓았으며, 경회루와 근정전, 광화문 월대에는 난 간이 새롭게 세워졌다. 이와 같이 경복궁은 임진왜란으로 소실된 후 270년간 중건되지 못하였지만, 경복궁의 관리를 위해 조직과 법 령이 마련되었으며, 이를 통하여 경복궁은 유지관리 되 었다. 이러한 관리를 바탕으로 유지된 경복궁에서는 왕 실행사가 행해졌으며, 이로써 법궁으로서의 상징성이 유지되었다. 문헌과 중건 초기상황이 반영된 <경복궁도>는 고종 대 경복궁 중건의 기초자료로 쓰였다. 경복궁 중건에서 내부를 점유하고 있던 시설들은 훼철되거나 자재로 재 사용되었다. 경복궁 내 남아 있던 전각터를 바탕으로 전 각이 중건되었으며, 경복궁 궁역이 신무문 밖까지 확대 되었다. 중건 경복궁에는 270년간 궁궐 건축 변화가 적 용되었으며, 월대의 난간과 같은 새로운 형식이 나타나 기도 하였다.

In the historical city center where overall development has not been made, it is not difficult to observe the asp ect of the urban change process over time accumulated. Seochon(西村), which collectively refers to 13 legal dong s in the west of Gyeongbokgung Palace, is also considered a representative historical village with high value as a historical and cultural cityscape because of historical context remains throughout the lot. Therefore, research ex amining the process of changing parcels in this area is useful for a more three-dimensional understanding of the presence of several layers of time. In this study, relationship between the opening time of each road, the river co ver process, and the current building establishment process is examined using maps after the pre-modern period and modern era. In addition, to examine the specific change process of individual lots using the old land register, building management ledger and cadastral map.

This study focuses on the construction of Gyeongbokgung Palace in the second year of King Gojong's reign, which has been spotlighted for political and economic history. The author analyzed the contents of wood procurement with the Yeonggeon Diary, which records each day of construction site. The results are as follows: First, the 2nd year of King Gojong's reign, Yeonggeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace, was a new building that reflected the old system and 270 years of changed environment on the existing site. Despite the poor economic conditions, it began with years of effort and voluntary volunteer work and dedication. Second, the priority of timber transport was recruiting people in the whole process and the supply and demand of transportation tools. Carrying lumber from the mountains to the riverside and floating it at the right time were all a matter of manpower. Soldiers and carts were used to carry timber that arrived in Hangang River to the construction site. The cart was a consumable product, so it was necessary to continuously use the wood to make cart at the site. Third, fire and flood were the biggest obstacles to the Yeonggeon schedule of Gyeongbokgung Palace. Especially the fire was fatal. It was difficult to extinguish the fire in temporary structure, where was the storage for wood to construct. These disasters greatly affected the construction cost and construction period. Wood procurements of Gyeongbokgung Palace were based on public offerings. At the same time, recycled materials from other palace wood and nearby houses, nationwide buying of private mountain wood, the logging of royal tombs and some of the buildings of Gyeonghui Palace and Changgyeong Palace were relocated.

There are stone sculptures diversely shaped in several parts of Gyeongbokgung. Geunjeongjeon is a place where the stone sculptures are intensively placed among the various palace buildings of Gyeongbokgung, and it is more important because it contains the phases of the age of the dynasty and the symbolism of governing philosophy. What can be seen in the structure of auspicious animal sculptures is based on the form of instinctive thought that the heavenly and human order systems are in an organic correspondence with each other, especially with regard to astronomical events such as Samwon‐Sasin‐12jisin‐28su. The parts that have been interpreted only in Sasin and 12jisin in the interpretations such as wild dogs, Gyoryong, camels, wolves, and apes were able to clarify the contents by revealing the form of 28su. In particular, as Beopsu‐Ssangbeopsu at the corner may be related to the guardian deity who governs water, called Yimun, Chimi, and Chimun, it is one of Bibo's ways to protect the palace that was vulnerable to fire. In addition, the shape of the existing 28su placed Dambi, but Ha‐Woldae at the Geunjeongjeon was assumed to have a camel statue and a planned arrangement of double meaning with the Bibo form of Pungsu Sasinsa, and it is also a feature of the arrangement of Woldae at the Geunjeongjeon. The actual composition of auspicious animals at the Nambogye of Geunjeongjeon was in the order of Haechi, wild dogs, horses and Jujak, and the contents of “Gyeongbokgung Construction Daily Record” were in the order of Haechi, horses, wild dogs, and Jujak. As to different composition layouts, based on the contents of the “Gyeongbok palace Construction Daily Record”, the composition of Samjae Cheonjiin (天地人) was interpreted differently from the conventional interpretation of the arrangement of Woldae. All of these forms are associated with defense systems in the four directions and have become animal representations of each direction. The auspicious animal statues placed on the railing of Geunjeongjeon Woldae can be seen as reflected in a single building with the three‐dimensional personality that includes Pungsu's Bibo personality with the symbolic meaning that reveals the centrality as Jeong‐Jeon, the nation's best politics let alone the ideological system of the ancient astronomical of the East called Men‐Heaven Unity.

This study analyzed 『Bukgwol Dohyeong (Drawing Plans for the Northern Section of Gyeongbokgung Palac e)』, which is an important source material for the restoration of the palace, by applying Paltaekron, the geomantic principle of bearings, in order to clarify the building layout principle of Gyeongbokgung Palace. Gyeongbokgung Palace shows the typical geographical conditions that meet the principle of Baesan Imsu (mountain in the back and water in the front) which takes Baegaksan Mountain as the main mountain and the overall layout of the buildings that meet the principle of ‘Jeonchak Hugwan (narrow in the front and broad toward inside)’ by using the natural topography that meets the principle of ‘Jeonjeo Hugo (low in the front and higher toward back).’ It is estimated that this layout and arrangement must have been led by geomantic principle of bearings. The analysis of the building layout plan of Gyeongbokgung Palace in the late Joseon Dynasty Period suggests the application of two methods: one is to divide central area from Gwanghwamun Gate to Geoncheongung Hall into eight layers and the other is to apply the bearings of the Eight Trigrams based on the building that becomes the center. As a result, the gate, main hall, and kitchen of all major buildings where the royal family lived are located in the auspicious bearings according to the geomantic principle of bearings while the spaces where people other than the royal family such as those who served the royal family and the officials operated in the palace or the hall that enshrines the ancestors such as Taewonjeong Hall are located in the ominous bearings. Therefore, the buildings of Gyeongbokgung Palace are arranged based on the geomantic principle of bearings.

경복궁 자경전 서쪽 꽃담 도상에 나타난 주소재의 화훼종류와 상징성을 알아보기 위해 2010년 7월～2011년 3월까지 도상에 그려져 있는 식물을 원예학적인 식물 분류를 통하여 식물종류와 상징성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 도상의 좌측에서부터 우측으로 번호를 붙여서 1부터 8까지 그림을 분석한 결과 도상 1은 매화, 2는 복숭아, 3은 모란, 4는 석류, 5와 6은 국화. 7은 진달래, 8은 대나무인 것으로 나타났다. 이들 8종의 상징성은 장수 4회, 다산 3회, 지조와 절개 2개, 부귀, 화목 1회인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이조 왕실의 단명을 장수의 꽃으로 표현하면서 손이 귀한 왕실의 현상에 비추어 다산의 의미를 주어 조선왕조의 영원함을 상징적으로 취한 표현으로 본다. 그러나 세속의 변화에도 지조가 있는 왕가를 원했던 상징성도 있다. 동반소재로는 새와 보름달 각 1회, 나비 가 5회로 나타났는데 여기서 새와 나비는 자유분방함과 화목을 의미하여 궁궐에 여인들이 자유롭게 사랑하면서도 화목한 나비 같은 왕실의 가족관계를 갖기를 원한 것으로 상징성을 볼 수가 있었다. 도상에 나타난 나무들은 양화소록에 근거해보면 모두 1-2등급의 식물이 그려져 있는 것을 알 수가 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to understand the architectural space of Donggung(東宮), the Prince's Palace, and Dongjo(東朝), the King's Mother and Queen's living space, in the early Joseon Dynasty. The Royal palace can be divided into three parts, political space for king, living space for king and his family and government office. So first, we should to understand the characteristics of each space in the Royal Palace. Up to now we have looked at the architectural space of Donggung(東宮) and Dongjo(東 朝) in Gyeongbokgung(景福宮), one of the Royal Palace, the result of this study is as followings. Donggung which was living space for Prince consisted of Jaseondang(資善堂), Seunwhadang(承華堂) and Kyejodang(繼照堂) in the era of King Sejong Kyejodang was demolished and Seunwhadang was destroyed by fire in King Jungjong era and was not rebuilded. This buildings The buildings consisted of Jeondang, Whudang, main gate, hapmun(閤門) and corridor or fence Donggung and Dongjo was separated wall Dong consisted of many buildings for Queen dowager, Queen and many royal concubines The arrangement of Donggung and Dongjo was assumed like as the Fig2.

The purpose of this study is to understand the architectural space of Chimjeon (寢殿), the King's Bedroom, and Backyard, in the early Joseon Dynasty. The Royal palace can be divided into three parts, political space for King, living space for King and his family and government office. So first, we should to understand the characteristics of each space in the Royal Palace. Up to now we have looked at the architectural space of the King's Bedroom in the central area and Backyard in Gyeongbokgung (景福宮), one of the Royal Palace, the result of this study is as followings. Cheonchujeon (千秋殿) and Manchunjeon (萬春殿) were not both sides of Sajeongjeon (思政殿), were on the north side of Gangnyeongjeon (康寧殿) Gangnyeongjeon was not a bedroom for the King and Queen, only for King. Bedroom for Queen was located another space in the Royal palace. There was Hamwonjeon on the west side of Koytaejeon. Jamidang and Cheongyeonroo were on the right side of Koytaejeon The Backyard on the north side of Gyeongbokgung had a wide area for horseback archery and the practice of battle formation The arrangement of the King's bedroom in the central area was assumed like as the Fig 7. and Fig 8.

The purpose of this study is to understand the architectural space of Gwolnaegaksa (闕 內各司), the Government office in the palace, in the early Joseon Dynasty. The Royal palace can be divided into three parts, political space for king, living space for king and his family and government office. So first, we should to understand the characteristics of each space in the Royal Palace. Up to now we have looked at the architectural space of Gwolnaegaksa in Gyeongbokgung (景福宮), one of the Royal Palace, the result of this study is as followings. There were not many Gwolnaegaksas in the early days in Gyeongbokgung. After King Sejong, some office buildings were established in that palace. King's closest guards, like as Seonjeonkwan (宣傳官), Gyumsabok (兼司僕), Naegeumwi (內禁衛) had been on duty in Sajeongjeon Haengrang (思政殿行廊), a kind of servants´ quarters. Bincheong (賓廳), a conference room of high-ranking government officials was situated in Geungjeon Haengrang (勤政殿行廊). There were also barracks of other palace guards in Geungjeon Haengrang. Gyeongyeoncheong (經筵廳), a place to prepare and wait, was built separately from Geungjeon Haengrang Layout drawings of Gyeongbokgung painted since the 18th century were different from document in some parts. The arrangement of the Gwolnaegaksa was assumed like as the Fig. 9.

This study relates to the architectural planning principle of Gyeonghoeru pavilion, one of the major buildings in Gyeongbokgung palace. The study is concentrated on The Book of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion written by Jeong Haksun in 1865 during the reconstruction of Gyeonghoeru pavilion. The architectural planning principle of Gyeonghoeru pavilion disclosed in The Book of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion appears to be 'the method of expanding with six by six system'. 'The method of expanding with six by six system' means a way of continuously extending the number related to 6 by addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and reflecting to architecture, having number 6 as the basic number. Number 6 means a large amount of water in East Asian philosophy, Applying 'the method of expanding with six by six system' to the architecture of Gyeonghoeru includes an intention to prevent fire in a way of a type of incantation because Korean traditional wooden buildings are we to fire. Since Gyeonghoeru is surrounded by a pond and was constructed based on the number 6 having a strength of water, it was believed that it could be safe from fire. This study compares the contents disclosed in The Book of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion with the construction of Gyeonghoeru to find out how the number 6 was applied to the overall construction of Gyeonghoeru. From the fact that the total number of km of Gyeonghoeru is 36 ($6{\times}6$), the number of pillars is 42 ($6{\times}7$), and the number of windows and doors is multiples of 6, it has been found out that the number 6 is deeply related to the overall construction of Gyeonghoeru. In addition to the fact that the construction of Gyeonghoeru can be explained by 'the method of expanding with six by six system', The Book of Gyeonghoeru Pavilion also discloses parts where Diagram of Hotu, Later Heaven Arrangement and Arrangement of 64 Hexagrams are applied. Therefrom, it has been found out that Gyeonghoeru pavilion was constructed by applying the principles of East Asian philosophy based on The Book of Changes.