Until all vehicles are equipped with autonomous driving technology, there will inevitably be mixed traffic conditions that consist of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and manual vehicles (MVs). Interactions between AVs and MVs have a negative impact on traffic flow. Cloverleaf interchanges (ICs) have a high potential to cause traffic accidents owing to merging and diverging. Analyzing the driving safety of cloverleaf ICs in mixed traffic flows is an essential element of proactive traffic management to prevent accidents. This study proposes a comprehensive simulation approach that integrates driving simulation (DS) and traffic simulation (TS) to effectively analyze vehicle interactions between AVs and MVs. The purpose of this study is to identify hazardous road spots for a freeway cloverleaf IC by integrating DS and TS in mixed traffic flow. The driving behavior data of MVs collected through a DS were used to implement vehicle maneuvering based on an intelligent driver model in the TS. The driving behavior of the AVs was implemented using the VISSIM parameters of the AVs presented in the CoEXist project. Additionally, the market penetration rate of AVs, ranging from 10% to 90% in 10% increments, was considered in the analysis. Deceleration rate to avoid crashes was adopted as the evaluation indicator, and pinpointing hazardous spot technique was used to derive hazardous road spots for the cloverleaf IC. The most hazardous road spot was identified in the deceleration lane where greater speed changes were observed. Hazardous road spots moved downstream within the deceleration lane as traffic volumes increased based on level of service. The number of AVs decelerating stably increased as traffic increased, thereby improving the safety of the deceleration lane. These results can be used to determine the critical point of warning information provision for preventing accidents when introducing AVs.

This study presents the development of an algorithm that detects potential front bumper collisions caused by road inclinations and provides early warnings to drivers. The system uses a Time-of-Flight (ToF) infrared distance sensor and an obstacle detection sensor, both implemented on an Arduino-based platform. By continuously monitoring the road ahead, the algorithm measures and analyzes the slope angle to identify potential hazards. This solution offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional warning systems, notifying drivers in advance of dangerous road conditions and helping to prevent vehicle damage caused by sudden changes in road gradient.

식품의 가공 및 조리에 정제 가공유지를 사용하면 2- monochloropropane-1,3-diol esters (2-MCPDEs), 3-monochloropropane- 1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDEs)와 glycidyl esters (GEs)가 다양한 유형의 식품에 포함될 수 있다. EU뿐만 아니라 최근 대만에서는 식용 혹은 식품가공원료로 공급 하는 시중 판매 식용유지에 대해 GEs 1 mg/kg 이하, 홍콩 에서는 3-MCPDEs에 대해 영유아 분유 50 μg/kg 이하, 영 유아 액상 분유 6 μg/kg 이하로 기준·규격을 관리하고 있 다. 최근 다양한 한국 식품의 수출이 확대되고 있어 많은 식품에 사용되는 식용유지류의 국외 기준·규격에 대한 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구는 시중에서 판매되고 있는 식용유 지류 샘플을, AOAC Cd 29a-13 방법 및 EFSA 방법을 참 고하여 GC/MS를 사용하여 시험법을 검증하고, 지방산 유 래 유해물질(2-MCPDEs, 3-MCPDEs 및 GEs)을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 시험법의 결정계수(r²) 평균은 0.9999, 검출한계 (limit of detection, LOD)와 정량한계(limit of quantification, LOQ)는 각각 9.6-20.4 μg/kg와 29.0-62.0 μg/kg이었다. Intraday 및 inter-day 정확도는 2-MCPDE 93.07%±9.58%- 107.92% ±5.19%, 3-MCPDE 92.14%±11.05%-108.60%±2.86% 및 GEs 87.68%±9.32%-105.66%±8.50%이었고, 정밀도는 각각 5.91- 11.72%RSD, 2.63-11.99%RSD 및 7.50-12.96%RSD로 AOAC 가이드라인에 적합함을 확인하였다. 또한 Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) 국제 숙련도 시험 에 참가하여 적합한 z-score를 얻었으며, Quality Control (QC) material의 회수율은 89.16-108.14%로, 외부 및 내부 검증을 통해 분석 결과의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 확립된 시험법을 토대로 시판 중인 식용유지류(n=272)를 분석한 결과, 2- MCPDEs는 N.D.-1,753 μg/kg, 3-MCPDEs는 N.D.- 2,492 μg/kg, 그리고 GEs는 N.D.-985 μg/kg이었으며, 이는 EU 기준·규격에 적합한 수준이었다. 샘플의 특성에 따라 liquid oil과 semi-solid oil로 구분하였으며, 지방산 유래 유 해물질 검출 결과가 EU 기준·규격에 근접(90-100%)한 샘 플은 각각 3-MCPDEs는 3개, 13개이고, GEs는 1개, 6개 로, liquid oil보다 semi-solid oil에서 근접하는 샘플이 더 많았다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 유통 중인 식용유지류의 지방산 유래 유해물질을 모니터링함으로써 식용유지류의 안전 확보를 위한 기초자료로 활용되고, 수출품목 유지 및 기업체 저감화 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study was conducted to verify the impact of hazardous risk factors in manufacturing workplaces on worker safety behaviors, focusing on the mediating effect of safety climate, and to establish safety management strategies in manufacturing workplaces and to suggest practical measures to improve worker safety. For this study, the results of the ‘10th Occupational Safety and Health Survey’ conducted by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency’s Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2021 were used as analysis data for 3,255 manufacturing workplaces with 20 or more regular workers. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program for descriptive statistical analysis, validity and reliability verification, correlation and multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. As a result of the study, first, hazardous risk factors were confirmed to have a negative effect on workers' safety behaviors. Second, hazardous risk factors were confirmed to have a negative effect on safety climate. Third, safety climate was confirmed to have a positive effect on workers' safety behaviors. Fourth, it was verified that the safety climate had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between hazardous risk factors and workers’ safety behavior in the workplace. Through this study, it was found that hazardous risk factors had a negative effect on workers’ safety behavior. This emphasizes that efforts to systematically manage and minimize hazardous risk factors in the workplace are important in promoting workers’ safety behavior. In addition, it was confirmed that the safety climate had an important mediating effect in the relationship between hazardous risk factors and workers’ safety behavior. In other words, it can be seen that the safety climate can alleviate the negative effect of hazardous risk factors on workers’ safety behavior. These research results suggest that reducing hazardous risk factors in the workplace and improving the safety climate can have a positive effect on workers’ safety behavior practice, thereby preventing industrial accidents.

PURPOSES : This study analyzes the accident damage scale of hazardous material transportation vehicles not monitored in real time by the Hazardous Material Transportation Safety (HMTS) management center. METHODS : To simulate hazardous-material transportation vehicle accidents, a preliminary analysis of transportation vehicle registration status was conducted. Simulation analyses were conducted for hazardous substance and flammable gas transportation vehicles with a high proportion of small- and medium-sized vehicles. To perform a spill accident damage-scale simulation of hazardous-substance transportation vehicles, the fluid analysis software ANSYS Fluent was used. Additionally, to analyze explosion accidents in combustible gas transportation vehicles, the risk assessment software Phast and Aloha were utilized. RESULT : Simulation analysis of hazardous material transportation vehicles revealed varying damage scales based on vehicle capacity. Simulation analysis of spillage accidents showed that the first arrival time at the side gutter was similar for various vehicle capacities. However, the results of the cumulative pollution analysis based on vehicle capacity exhibited some differences. In addition, the simulation analysis of the explosion overpressure and radiant heat intensity of the combustible gas transportation vehicle showed that the difference in the danger radius owing to the difference in vehicle capacity was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS : The simulation analysis of hazardous-material transportation vehicles indicated that accidents involving small- and medium-sized transportation vehicles could result in substantial damage to humans and ecosystems. For safety management of these small and medium-sized hazardous material transportation vehicles, it is expected that damage can be minimized with the help of rapid accident response through real-time vehicle control operated by the existing HMTS management center.