이 논문은 천태가 제정한 참법 중의 하나인 『법화삼매참의』의 구성과 내용, 그리고 문화사적인 의의가 무엇인가를 살펴보는 것이다. 이해를 위해 이 책의 구성과 내용을 살펴보고, 문화사적 의의에 대해서는 역사와 수행으로 구분해 살펴보고 있다. 천태는 다양한 참법을 제정했지만 그것을 수행론과 결부해서 체계화시키고 있다. 일상의 의례와 수행을 별개의 것으로 간주하지 않고, 수행과 의례가 언제나 병용되어야 한다는 점을 의식한 것으로 분석된다. 천태의 참법은 단순한 계율에 머물러 있었던 참회를 의례 속에 수용하여 수행의 차원으로 승화시키고 있는 점이다. 이런 점은 참회가 세속화되는 것을 방지하면서도 의례를 통해 종교적 감흥과 체험을 지향하고자 한 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 천태의 수행법은 당대에 그치지 않고, 중국 의례문화의 역사에 일대 전환기를 만들게 된다. 이전의 단순한 참회, 내지 계율의 일부에 지나지 않았던 참회를 의례 속에 포용하여 일상의례로 전환시켰기 때문이다. 이러한 작업의 결과는 당송대를 거쳐 발전하는 동북아시아 의례의 전개에 심대한 영향을 미친 것으로 이해되고 있다. 특히 한국과 일본 등의 의례 문화가 발전하고 정착하는데 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 『법화삼매참의』는 천태의 定慧幷修나 理事無礙의 사상적 토대 위에 제정된 것으로 분석할 수 있으며, 다양한 대중을 포용하기 위해 事懺과 理懺의 원리를 동시에 운용하고 있다.

This research seeks ways to convert the landscape resources of rural village forest into a tourist resource. The study area was restricted to rural village forests in the city of Namwon; we selected 10 village forests using the evaluation indicators of size, landscape, accessibility, connectivity, historicity, and enhancement possibility. We selected five historic/cultural type groves among the preselected village groves as final target areas for planning and then carried out an analysis of their current status and conditions, which has been included in this research. For Naein village forests, themes concerning the winds of Inpoong-ri and the poongchinadae form of feng shui were used. For Haengjeong village forest, preferentially considered ecological of carpinus laxiflora but that introduced the Dokkaebi, which concerns village forest legends. In the Sagok village forest, the beauty of old pine trees and the champan (vice minister) forest were symbolized; in the Jeonchon village forest, the Battle of Hwangsan was symbolized by connecting it to a location in the neighboring village, the Hwangsan Battle Monument site. The themes of Walgil village forest included the historical culture of the village forest, such as Cheonikseong (a person’s name), a famed doctor who practiced good deeds, stonepiles (stacking of stones), and the pine resin delivery of the Japanese colonial era (the Japanese collected resin from the pines). The tourism resources of village forests is expected to provide residents with a amenity space for relaxation and leisure activities and visitors with a space to experience history and culture.

The areas of fashion research and fashion design aesthetics & fashion history have been studied under a common research heading as a Humanities subject in the UK and the USA, and as Clothing and Textiles Studies in Korea. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the 2004~2013 research tendencies in terms of reporting methods and contents from 181 world-renowned Fashion Theory research papers within the UK and USA fashion research corpus, and 359 Korean research papers from The Research Journal of Costume Culture related to fashion design aesthetics & costume history field. The subject areas, periods, methodologies, and differences in the topics of the studies were examined. The results of the research are as follows. Regarding the research authorship and length of the research papers, in Fashion Theory most papers were written by a single English-speaking or other foreign language-speaking author and were on average longer than 21 pages, while in The Research Journal of Costume Culture, many papers were jointly written by two Korean researchers and were between 11 and 20 pages. Regarding the content, Fashion Theory was connected to relatively wide and diverse periodical and regional boundaries including the body, clothing, the fashion media, and the overall fashion system, while The Research Journal of Costume Culture revolved around the body and clothing, textiles, the fashion media, and costumes. In addition, since the late 20th century, the studies appeared to be related to the current Western world overall or to the country of the author. Regarding the research methodology, Fashion Theory used diverse research subjects and methodologies, and research was conducted on topics relating to fashion culture or fashion aesthetics. On the other hand, The Research Journal of Costume Culture featured relatively more dynamic studies aimed at suggesting developments or solutions to problems. It was found that a large share of that research focused on detailed style analyses and suggestions for aspects such as design elements and design developments. Such differences are considered to be caused by the inherent differences between the academic departments for the Humanities, and the Human Ecology. The above research results are expected to provide fundamental information in setting a direction for future research to assist the globalization of domestic research.

The theory-the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius was an objective existance in Chinese dietary culture history, but it was ignored in the last two thousand years. In addition, some people misunderstood Confucius' and Mencius' thoughts and statements. This paper believes that the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius is Confucius' and Mencius' diet opinions, thoughts, theories and basic style in their diet experiences. Confucius' diet experience and Mencius' diet experience were alike, and Mencius' experience carried on Confuius' and theirs were the same in some sections. They all stay their diet standard to their stomach and don't persue good meal. They all thought resolving people's diet was important for a country and for the politic problems. Mencius succeeded Confucius' diet thoughts and put them to the theories-diet principle, diet standard, and diet morality. This paper deeply discusses theory, developing history condition and the affection and position in Chinese diet history of the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius.

이 연구는 학문 목적 한국어 학습자를 대상으로 CBI를 활용한 한국 역사 문화수업의 방안을 고안하고 실제 방향을 제시 하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 먼저 이론적 배경을 통하여 CBI의 특징 및 여러 수업 모델들의 원리와 효과에 대하여 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 ‘생각하기–내용 이해하기– 활용하기–마무리하기’ 라는 수업 절차를 구성하고 역사 문화수업의 실제 예를 보였다. 마지막으로 CBI를 활용한 수업 시 언어 교사가 가져야 할 전문 지식에 대한 부담감 그리고 교재 및 활동 개발 등을 제언하였다.

This study, targeting Deokbongmaeul, Choonchonmaeul, Hyodongmaeul and Kangsanmaeul, drew the characteristics of history culture resource utilization through the analysis of project plans and performance reports and field surveys. First, Deokbongmaeul is a rural village with scattered Confucian facilities. Ipsanmaeul conforms to Confucian order and has an attractive housing area landscape. Hoechonmaeul has forest landscape and distinguishing intangible recourses like Maeji farmer's music and traditional techniques and legends. Hyodongmaeul shows folk resources and folk behavior like traditional play and techniques. Second, the history culture resources chosen from the project plans focus on intangible history resources like individual historic buildings & structures and customs & traditional techniques. Third, cultural historic village projects are categorized by repair and restoration of historic buildings and structures, development of experience program and building facilities and maintenance and establishing the village landscape elements. From the research results, it is explained that history culture resource utilization methods of cultural historic village project are hard to be expected to have the project results based on the landscape identities of four villages.

As a part of the research of small gardens, this study was carried out to survey the history and culture of 19C English and Australasian cottage garden. This western garden study will be expected to change Korean suburban and rural garden style delightfully and plentifully. The results of these studies are summarized as follows. The cottager appeared in the English landscape and social system after the Black Death and with him, the cottage garden. But, the suburban garden is the ancestor of the stylized English cottage gardens. Loudon created the nineteen-century suburban garden which, in the long run, influenced the shape and planting of rural cottage garden too. Loudon worked out rules from Repton's theory and practice, and then modified for the smaller. A measure of regularity is imposed by two conditions: the fact that suburban gardens are rectangular and fenced; and his own ideas for what he called 'gardenesque'. Miss Gertrude Jekyll could recognize the cottager's unwittingly good examples, could deduce from it some widely applicable rules. From the old cottage garden Gertrude Jekyll borrowed the charm of natural simplicity, produced a garden style from it and, at last, made the cottage garden self-conscious. It was a good example of the art which conceals art, not of artlessness. To sum up: the rules for laying out and planting the cottage garden are straightforward; The design should be rectangular and very simple; The native plant species can be included in the planting, and every cultivar not later than, say, the middle of the nineteenth century, excepting those which have never been associated with the 'idea' of a cottage garden. Australasian cottage gardens have derived from the English originals. They were also a fairly uncomplicated structure based on a grid of straight paths and a wide selection of flowering plants, shrubs, bulbs, annuals, biennials, perennials and climbers planted with no particular regard to flowering season or stature and with an unsophisticated colour scheme. The ideas of Loudon were most popular and widely read. As the century advanced, the transformation of the cottage garden was furthered into the flower garden. They took the news of the latest discoveries and productions in their stride and eagerly welcoming. However, aside from the profusion of the planting, the use of favourite old flowers and the random scatter of flowering shrubs, perennials, bulbs and other plants, the most important is still the simplicity of the design.@