본 연구는 제17차 청소년건강행태조사(2021년) 자료를 활용하여 중학생 27,177명과 고등학생 22,657명을 대상으로 건강행태 요인이 고카페인 음료 섭취 빈도에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 카이제곱 검정과 위계적 다중 회귀분석 결과, 고카페인 음료 섭취율은 고등학생(54.8%)이 중학생(42.1%) 보다 높았고, 주 7회 이상 섭취율도 고등학생(7.6%)이 중학생(3.7%)의 약 2배였다. 중학생의 유의한 영향요인은 성적, 경제상태, 음주, 흡연, 신체활동, 스마트폰 사용시간, 피로회복정도, 스트레스, 체형인식이었고(Adj. R²=.060), 고등학생은 경제상태, 음주, 흡연, 신체활동, 앉아서 보낸 시간, 피로회복정 도, 스트레스, 체형인식이었다(Adj. R²=.038). 중학생에서는 성적과 스마트 폰 사용시간이, 고등학생에서는 앉아서 보낸 시간이 유의하여 학교급별 차 이가 확인되었다. 이를 바탕으로 청소년의 고카페인 음료 섭취 예방을 위한 학교급별 맞춤형 보건교육 프로그램 개발과 건강위험행동 통합 예방교육의 필요성을 제언하였다.

본 연구는 노인의 정보통신기술 활용 요인에 관한 국내 연구의 동향을 파악하고 노인 특성별, 서비스 유형별로 활용요인을 분석하기 위해 주제 범위 문헌고찰(Scoping Review) 방법을 활용해 연구를 수행하였다. 이 를 위해 2011년 1월부터 2025년 8월까지 발표된 등재학술지 논문들로서 60세 이상 노인을 대상으로 한 양적, 질적 연구를 분석에 포함한 결과 총 20편의 문헌이 선별되었다. 그 결과 고찰 문헌들은 노인의 정보통신기 술 활용 정도를 측정하기 위해 다양한 측정변수를 사용한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고찰 문헌에서 활용한 정보통신기술 유형이 ICT 일부 유형에 치중해 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 노인들의 ICT 활용을 예측하는 다양한 요인들을 체계적으로 분류하고 통합하여 노인들의 기술 수용에 대한 깊 이 있는 이해를 제공하고자 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study aimed to assess adults' perceptions and practices regarding sustainable diets and to identify sociodemographic factors influencing these outcomes. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 337 adults from February 5 to 21, 2025. Participants' awareness, willingness to engage in education, and practices related to environmental, health, and consideration aspects of sustainable diets were measured using a 5-point scale. The findings revealed low awareness of sustainable diets (1.80) and moderate willingness to participate in educational initiatives (3.18). Practice scores were highest in the health area (3.53), followed by environmental (3.06) and consideration (2.34) aspects. Females demonstrated significantly greater awareness of sustainable diets (2.06 vs. 1.64, p<0.001) and higher practice scores in the environmental (p<0.01), health (p<0.05), and consideration areas (p<0.001). Adults aged 50 to 59 exhibited the highest practice levels across all areas, including environmental (3.52) and health (3.83). One-person households reported lower practice scores compared to larger households in all areas (all p<0.01). Regression analyses indicated that female gender, older age, and larger household size were positively associated with sustainable dietary practices. In conclusion, while adults exhibited low awareness of sustainable diets, there was moderate interest in education. Sustainable diet practices varied significantly based on gender, age, and household size.

This study identifies psychological factors affecting the acceptance of demand-responsive transit (DRT) among elderly residents living in rural areas. Text mining and K-means clustering techniques were used for inductive content analysis to structure responses from multiple individuals regarding local public transportation and DRT services. Based on the structured perception survey results, key utterances were examined by a semantic group to identify clustered factors affecting the individual acceptance of DRT services and to interpret their specific meanings. Furthermore, key strategies for increasing DRT service acceptance were identified based on these interpretations. In-depth interviews were conducted with 53 elderly individuals living in rural areas of Jeju Island and the island regions of Yeosu City to understand their perceptions of local public transportation and DRT services. Text mining and clustering were performed on 173 pre-processed utterances, thus resulting in four core semantic groups: economic feasibility, connectivity, publicness/ethics, and service volume/supply. Through repeated review of utterances assigned to each semantic group, factors related to “publicness and ethics,” such as psychological and community norms including guilt over exclusive use of public resources, were identified as the most influential concerns regarding the introduction of DRT services. Additionally, requirements for connectivity were identified in the regional context, including expectations for integrating DRT with other transportation modes and concerns regarding uncertainties in travel time and distance. Based on these findings, strategies were proposed to improve the acceptance of DRT services among elderly residents in rural areas. The results suggest that, beyond overcoming the digital divide identified in previous studies, additional considerations are necessary when introducing DRT services in rural regions. Specifically, securing social consensus on the implementation, purpose, and broader impact of DRT services is essential for enhancing their acceptance. Furthermore, a DRT service model that accounts for connectivity with other transportation modes must be applied, while service models that reflect regional characteristics and contexts from the planning stage should be designed. By proactively addressing issues related to the digital divide, this study analyzes psychological factors beyond those associated with digital literacy. Future studies may expand to rural areas with diverse characteristics and contexts by applying advanced methodologies.

This study analyzes and compares the determinants of accident severity between human-driven vehicle (HDV) and autonomous vehicle (AV) mixed environments using collision data from the California Department of Motor Vehicles . To address the high dimensionality and categorical complexity of the dataset, an XGBoost-based classification model was developed and the Shapley additive explanations method was employed to explain the contribution and directional influence of each explanatory variable. An undersampling and ensemble approach was utilized to mitigate class imbalances and enhance the model stability. The results revealed that in an HDV environment, driver perception and evasive responses were dominant factors influencing crash outcomes, with collision direction and relative speed significantly affecting the severity. By contrast, in the AV–HDV mixed environment, intersection conditions and complex driving contexts were associated with higher accident severity, thus demonstrating the current limitations of AV systems in managing unstructured traffic scenarios. These findings suggest that as AV deployment progresses, the key determinants of crash severity shift from human behavioral factors to system and environmental factors, thus providing empirical insights for future AV safety evaluations and policy frameworks.

Truck platooning technology, which utilizes vehicle-to-vehicle communication to enable two or more autonomous trucks to travel in a platoon, is garnering attention. However, before platooning is implemented, an environment that can stably maintain a constant speed must be established. Therefore, maintaining a constant speed is a key prerequisite for truck platooning. To overcome the limitations of previous studies, which relied on traffic simulations or limited experiments, this study analyzes second-by-second truck DTG driving records obtained from highways near major domestic ports. Based on these data, a sliding-window technique was employed to detect constant-speed driving patterns and estimate the rate of constant-speed driving by section. The analysis revealed a high rate of constant-speed driving at the Noeun JCT–Dongcheongju IC, where the traffic volume was low and the road alignment was gentle. However, a low rate was observed at the Gunpo IC–Donggunpo IC, where ramp entries and exits were frequent. Subsequently, a multivariate fractional polynomial model was employed to analyze factors influencing constant-speed driving. The main factors identified were speed dispersion, average duration of constantspeed driving, and volume of large trucks per lane. This shows that speed stability, continuity of driving patterns, and vehicle composition within a section are more important factors in determining constant-speed driving than the average driving speed or traffic volume. This study is significant because it empirically elucidates the characteristics and factors influencing constant-speed driving using large-scale field data. Furthermore, it is expected to provide fundamental data for selecting suitable sections for truck platooning and establishing logistics efficiency policies.

본 연구는 KCYPS 자료를 활용해 초등학교 4~6학년 982명의 게임중 독 수준과 영향 요인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 자기조절능력(β=-0.35)과 정서적 안정성(β=-0.22)이 가장 강한 심리 요인이었으며, 가족 간 의사소 통(β=-0.17), 학교생활 만족도(β=-0.14), 또래 관계 지지(β=-0.12)는 주 요 사회적 보호 요인으로 나타났다. 게임중독 위험군은 모든 심리·사회적 요인에서 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보여(p<.001), 아동의 게임중독이 개인 요인을 넘어 환경적 요인의 영향을 강하게 받음을 확인하였다. 이에 따 라 본 연구는 자기조절력 향상과 정서·사회적 지지 강화 등 다층적 예방 전략의 필요성을 제안한다.

생성형 AI는 방대한 데이터를 기반으로 사용자의 요구에 부합하는 콘텐츠를 자동 생성함 으로써 창의성과 생산성을 동시에 향상시키고 있다. 구독경제 기반의 생성형 AI 서비스는 소비자와 기업 모두에게 혜택을 제공한다. 소비자는 높은 초기 비용 없이 지속적으로 서비스를 이용할 수 있으며, 기업은 반복적인 매출과 고객 데이터를 기반으로 서비스 품질을 고도화할 수 있다. 이와 같은 선순환 구조가 안정적으로 유지되기 위해서는 소비자의 지속적인 유료 구독이 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구는 생성형 AI 서비스에 대한 구독의도 형성 요인을 규명하기 위해 기술수용모델(TAM)과 어포던스(Affordance) 이론을 통합한 연구모형을 제시하고 실증 분석을 수행하였다. 생성형 AI 사용 경험이 있는 직장인 134명을 대상으로 온라인 설문 조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료를 SPSS 27.0과 PROCESS macro를 활용하여 상관분석, 다중회귀분석, 그리고 매개효과 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 어포던스 요인 중 개인화된 도움 제공은 인지된 유용성과 인지된 용이성 모두에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 맥락 인지는 인지된 유용성에만 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 반면 대화의 의인화는 두 인지 요인 모두에 유의한 영향을 보이지 않았다. 또한 인지된 용이성은 인지된 유용성에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 두 인지 요인은 모두 이용의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 이용의도는 구독의도에 가장 강력한 영향을 미치는 핵심 변수로 확인되었고, 인지된 유용성과 용이성은 이용의도를 매개로 구독의도에 간접적인 정(+)의 효과를 보였다. 본 연구는 생성형 AI와 구독경제의 융합이라는 새로운 소비 패러다임에 대한 이론적 기반을 제공함과 동시에, 사용자 경험 중심의 AI 서비스 설계 및 구독형 비즈니스 전략 수립에 실무적 시사점을 제시한다.

The plausibility factors influencing heterogeneous nucleation at the metal/glass interface were systematically investigated as a function of temperature. Secondary phase formation at the metal/glass interface is governed by the contact angle, which is affected by volumetric changes, microstructural evolution driven by metal ion diffusion, and redox reactions influenced by the arrangement of oxygen layers on the metal surface. A comprehensive model was developed to describe these plausibility factors based on observed interfacial phenomena. Despite the inherent non-uniformity in ion distribution within the glass, the interfacial diffusion coefficient, derived from an Arrhenius plot, exhibited a clear temperature dependence, reflecting thermally activated diffusion processes. Above the glass transition temperature (Tg), chemical interactions between diffusing metal ions and migrating glass constituents were identified as the main driving force for secondary phase formation at the metal/glass interface. These chemical reactions not only alter the local stoichiometry but also contribute to structural rearrangements at the interface. The results highlight the complex interplay between the thermal, chemical, and structural factors that control nucleation at the metal/glass boundary. The proposed model provides valuable insight into the mechanisms of interfacial phase formation and offers a useful framework for the design and processing of metal/glass composite systems with tailored properties.

Distant metastasis is an uncommon but critical determinant of prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to evaluate clinicopathological risk factors associated with distant metastasis and overall survival (OS) in surgically treated patients with OSCC. A retrospective review was conducted on 116 patients who underwent surgery for oral cancer at Samsung Medical Center between 2018 and 2024. Clinicopathological variables—including depth of invasion (DOI), extranodal extension (ENE), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), and worst pattern of invasion (WPI)—were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess prognostic factors. Distant metastasis occurred in 9.1% of patients and was significantly associated with inferior OS (P < 0.0001). In univariate analysis, LVI, ENE, WPI, and multiple metastatic lymph nodes were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis identified focal LVI as an independent predictor of OS (HR = 14.23, 95% CI: 1.85–109.67, P = 0.011). Subgroup analysis showed a higher frequency of distant metastasis among patients without neck dissection and those with deeper tumor invasion, although statistical significance was not consistently achieved due to limited events. The lung was the most common site of metastasis, and median post-metastatic survival was 5 months. LVI, ENE, WPI, and nodal burden are significant prognostic factors for OSCC. Focal LVI was independently associated with survival. These findings support the integration of high-risk pathological features into postoperative surveillance and treatment planning.

Background: Competency-based education is increasingly emphasized in physical therapy, yet limited research has assessed student competencies using validated tools. Objectives: This study examined differences in physical therapy students’ competencies by gender, grade level, and admission type using a newly developed assessment tool. Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Method: A total of 88 students at U University completed the assessment, which comprised six Sub-Competenc ies (Communication skills, Client understanding competency, Learning Competency for Physical Therapy, Problem- Solving Competencies for Physical Therapy, Factor application capabilities, Professional development competency). Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA with Scheffé post-hoc tests. Results: No significant differences were observed among gender and grade levels (P>.05). By admission type, regular admission students scored significantly higher than transfer students in the Learning Competency for Physical Therapy and the Factor application capabilities (P<.05). Conclusion: Competency development appears unaffected by gender or grade level but may differ by admission type. Findings suggest the need for academic support and supplementary education for transfer students, and provide evidence to guide competency-based curriculum design in physical therapy.

본 연구의 목적은 인질 구출작전의 성공사례(엔테베, 모가디슈, 이란대 사관)를 영향‧성공 요인을 중심으로 통합적 분석하는 것이다. 연구방법으 로는 다중 사례연구를 채택하여 사례 선정, 분석틀 설정, 문헌분석 및 이 론 적용‧평가를 진행했다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 억류 장소는 정보수집 경로 및 작전 전술의 선택에서 제약‧기회 요인으로 동시에 작용했다. 둘째, 인 질 구성은 정치적 명분, 작전의 위험감수 수준, 전술적 우선순위 등의 결 정에 중대한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 테러리스트의 구성‧동기‧규율은 그들 의 행동을 예상하는데 주요 요인으로, 정보수집을 바탕으로 맞춤형 구출 작전 계획과 동시다발적 기습 및 기만책을 활용해야 한다. 넷째, 현장 변 동성으로 인한 위험은 반복훈련 통해 신속하고 동시다발적 제압을 통해 통제해야 한다. 연구 결과에 따른 시사점은, ‘억류장소-인질-테러리스트 영향요인’을 반영한 다층적 정보 획득, 반복훈련을 통한 요원의 기량, 맞 춤형 기습‧기만, 신속한 작전이라는 성공요인이 유기적으로 결합할 때 인 질구출의 성공 가능성이 극대화된다는 것이다.