본 연구는 현재의 표고버섯 시장 및 수급상황과 신선 표고버섯 생산을 위해 사용되는 접종배지의 영향력을 반영하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 이를 위해, 분석에 사용한 자료의 시간적 범위는 2000년부터 2022년까지의 연도별 시계열자료이다. 분석방법은 전대수를 적용한 선형회귀모형을 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 모형은 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 특히, 수요의 가격 탄성치는 –1.10%로 나타나 신선 표고버섯 가격이 1% 증가할 때, 수요량은 1.10% 감소하였다. 공급의 가격 탄력성은 비탄력적인 것으로 나타났으며 신선 표고버섯 가격이 1% 증가할 때 공급량은 0.33% 증가시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 차별성은 톱밥접종배지가 공급량에 미치는 영향과 최근의 소비시장의 상황을 반영한 모형을 추정했다는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 신선 표고버섯의 원산지 변경에 따른 경제적 효과분석과 톱밥접종배지 생산자에 대한 지원 정책 개발을 위한 정책실험에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the reasons for the decreased importation of fresh Shiitake mushrooms into Korea after implementation of the Korea–China Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Monthly time-series data from January 2009 to December 2022 were analyzed using regression analysis and vector autoregression (VAR) models to determine the relationship between the amounts of fresh and spawn Shiitake mushrooms imported. The analysis revealed that a major reason for the decreased importation of fresh Shiitake mushrooms was an increase in mushroom spawn imports after Korea–China FTA implementation. The same results were obtained from the VAR model analysis. However, in terms of the dynamic changes in amount of fresh shiitake mushrooms imported, it was confirmed that the impact of the change in mushroom spawn imports could increase the amount of Shiitake mushrooms imported.

국내산 표고의 식품성분 특성 및 항산화 활성을 알아보기 위해 시판되고 있는 표고 5종을 경남 진주, 전남 광양 및 순천 지역의 농산물 시장 또는 대형 마트에서 구입하여 분석하였다. 수분 함량은 79.17~82.90 g/100 g으로 시료 간의 차이가 적었으나, 조단백질 함량에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 무기질 총량은 시료 간의 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 특히 칼륨(K)의 함량이 가장 많았다. 총 아미노산 및 필수아미노산의 함량은 표고 “A”에서 월등히 높았으나, 총 아미노산에서 필수아미노산 및 aspartic acid 와 glutamic acid의 함량 비율은 시료 간에 비슷한 수준이었다. β-Glucan 함량은 10.28~15.68 g/100 g으로 시료 간의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 시판 표고의 색도와 전반적인 조직감에서는 시료 간의 두드러진 차이가 없었다. 총 페놀 함량은 19.92~30.77 mg/100 g, 플라보노이드 함량은 6.95~10.39 mg/100 g이었으며, 총 페놀 함량에 대한 플라 보노이드 함량의 비율은 31.53~38.21%였다. DPPH 라디 칼소거활성은 74.92~79.04%, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 80.47~84.97%로 시료 간의 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 환원력은 195.23~317.85 μM로 시료 간의 유의차를 보였다. 본 연구 결과, 공시한 표고 5종의 식품성분이나 항산화 활성에서 두드러진 차이는 보이지 않았다.

To improve the productivity of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), seven different types of media for liquid spawn (denoted as “A” to “G”) were prepared with 0.3% soybean meal and varying sugar and glucose concentrations. During 14 days of incubation, the pH of the liquid culture gradually acidified with increasing incubation period. Additionally, there was a significant, but not prominent, difference in the degree of acidification depending on the sugar to glucose ratio. Liquid spawn culture “G,” which had the highest sugar content was the most acidic on the last day of incubation. Mycelium dry weight increased significantly with increasing incubation period, and there was no significant difference in mycelium dry weight irrespective of the sugar to glucose ratio even after 14 days of culture. The inoculation of liquid spawn in sawdust medium with an inoculation volume ≥ 45 mL and incubation period of 15 to 18 days were the optimal culture conditions. Productivity of fruit bodies in sawdust medium and mushrooms treated with liquid spawn was significantly higher compared to solid spawn treatment. The mushrooms treated with liquid spawn had better chewiness, and the free amino acid content, which is associated with savory taste, was higher in these mushrooms compared to those treated with solid spawn.

In the 21st century, information and communication technology (ICT) worldwide presents a new vision for agriculture. Time and place, as well as the high-tech industry, to overcome barriers to the fusion of the so-called "smart agriculture," are changing the agricultural landscape. Core container production in precision agriculture for mushroom cultivation, optimal temperature, humidity, irradiation, self-regulation of factors such as carbon dioxide, and environment for mushroom cultivation were adopted. Lentinula edodes (shiitake) is an edible mushroom native to East Asia, cultivated and consumed in many Asian countries. It is considered to be medicinal in certain practices of traditional medicine. We used different controlled light sources (Blue-Red-White-combined LED, blue LED, red LED, and fluorescent light) with different LED radiation intensities (1.5, 10.5, and 20.5 μmol/㎡s for LEDs) to compare growth and development. Mushrooms were treated with light in a 12-hour-on/ 12-hour-off cycle, and maintained in a controlled room at 19~21°C, with 80~90% humidity, and an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 1,000 ppm for 30 days. Growth and development differed with the LED source color and LED radiation intensity. Growth and development were the highest at 10.5 μmol/㎡s of blue LED light. After harvesting the fruit bodies, we measured their weight and length, thickness of pileus and stipe, chromaticity, and hardness. The 10.5 μmol/㎡s blue-LED-irradiated group showed the best harvest results with an average individual weight of 39.82 g and length of 64.03 mm, pileus thickness of 30.85 mm and pileus length of 43.22 mm, and stipe thickness of 16.96 mm with fine chromaticity and hardness. These results showed that blue LED light at 10.5 μmol/㎡s exerted the best effect on the growth and development of L. edodes (shiitake) mushroom in the ICT-system container-type environment.

In this study, we investigated the amino acids content of shiitake mushrooms grown in eight different media and under three different temperature conditions. The sawdust media were supplemented with 4 kinds of nutrients - rice bran, barley, bean curd refuse, and red ginseng refuse in an 8:2 ratio with or without 0.5% calcium chloride, and the fruiting temperature was set to low (13–15oC), medium (18–20oC), or high temperatures (24–26oC). Seventeen amino acids were detected, and the content varied depending on the compositions of the media. The highest total amino acid content (209.7 mg/g) was measured in mushrooms from the media with red ginseng refuse, and the glutamic acid content was the highest (51.3 mg/g) in mushrooms from the media with barley. In terms of fruiting temperature, the amino acid content was the highest (38.2%) at medium temperature followed by the content at low (32.5%) and high temperature (29.3%). The amino acid composition of shiitake mushrooms was similar between the medium and low temperature conditions.

Sawdust bag cultivation was performed to understand the effect of different sawdust substrate (Quercus mongolica, Q. acutissima, Q. serrata, Q. aliena, and Q. variabilis) on the eight variety of shiitake (Poongnyunko, SANJO 701, Mori 436ho, Sanlim 10ho, Chilha 6ho, Yoogiro, Baekwhahyang, Charmaram). After inoculation, sawdust substrate block (2 kg) was cultivated at 22°C for 120 days. During the production period, the temperature was adjusted to 18°C and the relative humidity at 90%. The yield was calculated based on the fruit bodies from the first, second and third flush. As results, Poongnyunko yielded 455 g on the substrate, Q. serrata, 378 g on Q. aliena, and 333 g on Q. variabilis. Chilha 6ho yielded 304 g on Q. mongolica and Charmaram yielded 245 g on Q. acutissima. The average weight of mushrooms from Charmaram was 40-45 g on all five substrates and Q. variabilis was the best among them. In terms of phenotypic characteristics, Chilha 6ho was generally better than the others. Charmaram, Poongnyunko, Sanlim 10ho also had good characteristics. Mori 436ho, Yoogiro, Baekwhahyang developed for log cultivation showed lower yield compared to the varieties for sawdust bag cultivation. Keywords : Lentinula edodes (Shiitake), Querqus spp., Saw-dust bag culture, Yield

Ionizing treatments were applied at 5Gy, 10Gy, 50Gy, 100Gy and 500Gy to mushroom mycelium (Lentinula edodes) in order to assesss the effect of the gamma-ray radiation. We mutated by gamma irradiation, 12 strains were isolated. 9 strains of 12 strains were appeared antagonistic interaction on solid medium. Growth rate of mycelium in JMIR-3 and JMIR-6 strains were similar to their control. But, the growth rate of strain JMIR-1, JMIR-2, JMIR-4, JMIR-5, JMIR-7, JMIR-8, JMIR-9, JMIR-10, JMIR-11 and JMIR-12 had generally different compared to control. In the sequence of ITS region of selected strains, it was revealed that the total length ranged from 696 to 780bp. The reciprocal homologies of the ITS region sequences in 5Gy irradiation group (JMIR-5, JMIR-6, JMIR-7 and JMIR-8) and 10Gy irradiation group (JMIR-9, JMIR-10, JMIR-1 and JMIR-12) indicated 99%. The reciprocal homologies of the ITS region sequences in 500Gy irradiation group (JMIR-1, JMIR-2, JMIR-3 and JMIR-4) indicated from 95 to 99%. It seemed that mycelium growth and ITS sequence could be changed the irradiation dose of the gamma-ray radiation.

Extracts from sawdust of Pinus densiflora were showed antifungal activity against Lentinula edodes. It was extracted by hot water and then successively extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The yields of the n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetatesoluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble fractions of water extracts were 8.2%, 10.6%, 32.0%, and 49.2%, respectively. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed the greatest antifungal activity against L. edodes: 41.5% inhibition at 1,000 ppm. However, there were not significant differences of antifungal activities between n-hexane-soluble fraction and methanol-soluble fraction at a concentration of 1,000 ppm. The hot water extracts showed 23.5% of antifungal activity against L. edodes at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The four antifungal compounds were separated from ethyl acetate fraction by thin layer chromatography.