The oral cavity is rich in blood flow, which can cause excessive bleeding. Excessive bleeding in oral cavity is rare, but if the cause of the bleeding is not found, the patient's life may be at risk. Therefore, in the case of excessive bleeding, the dentist should consider the cause and provide appropriate first treatment. Hydrofluoric acid is widely used as a material for pre-treatment of ceramics before oral restoration for prosthetics and conservative dentistry. Since hydrofluoric acid is very reactive, when it comes into contact with tissues, even very diluted 0.1% hydrofluoric acid can cause very painful 2-3 degree burns, which heal very slowly. Negative reactions and even deaths of hydrofluoric acid have been reported in other fields, but there are very few case reports of complications related to hydrofluoric acid in the dental field. In this article, we report a case of excessive gingival bleeding after restorative treatment and discuss the effects of hydrofluoric acid on oral soft tissues and blood vessels and its prevention

沈從文 소설연구에 있어 최근 새로이 부상하는 연구방법론으로 생태주의, 여성주의, 그리고 이를 결합한 생태여성주의 연구방법이 있다. 하지만 다양한 시도가 진행 중인 상황이라 아직은 주목할 만한 연구 성과가 나오지 않은 것으로 보인다. 이러한 상황에서 생태주의, 여성주의, 생태여성주의의 연구를 근원에서부터 사색하게 하는 아니마·아니무스와 관련된 이론은 향후 이들 연구에 있어 새로운 방향을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 칼 융의 아니마․아니무스 이론이 생태여성주의 입장에서 沈從文 소설 속 여성형상 이해에 있어 유용하고 타당한 연구방법론이 될 수 있는지 그 가능성을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 우선, 심리학적 측면에서 沈從文의 창작생애와 소설 창작 전반을 거시적으로 살펴봄으로써 沈從文이 잠재의식 속 아니마를 조우하게 되는 계기와 과정을 밝혀보았다. 다음으로 沈從文의 소설 속 여성형상들의 창작 시기별 전변과정이 沈從文의 잠재의식 속 아니마의 심화과정과 동일선상에 있으며, 이 아니마를 통해 沈從文이 시기별로 특유의 문학세계를 구축할 수 있었음을 살펴보았다.

본 논문에서는 한국불교에서 이 제석천신앙을 실천했던 공간인 선법당과 시간적 배경이 되는 삼장육재일에 관해 살펴보고, 그것이 제석천의 양가적 성격과 어떤 형태로 연결되는지를 고찰했다. 도리천의 천주 제석은 베다 시대의 전쟁신 인드라와, 인간의 선악을 관찰하고 심판하는 천계 신으로서의 두 가지 측면을 가지고 있다. 전자의 한 사례로서, 고려에서는 국초부터 내제석원과 외제석원을 세워서 각각 제석천과 사천왕 권속들에 대한 의례를 봉행했다. 제석도량은 왕권을 신성화하는 즉위의례 형태로도 수용되었으며, 원의 침입 때는 제석천의 호위를 입어 외환을 물리치기 위해 설행하기도 했다. 후자의 사례로서, 동아시아 불교도들은 제석천과 태자들, 사천왕이 인간을 관찰하는 시간인 음력 정월ㆍ5월ㆍ9월의 삼장월에 특별한 의미를 부여하고, 사후의 심판에 대비하는 재법을 실천했다. 하지만 고려 국초의 호국신적인 제석신앙은 12세기 중후반 의종 대에 전국적으로 민간에 유행하게 되면서 점차 사후 심판자로서의 신격으로 받들어지게 된다. 12~13세기에 고려의 사원에 등장했던 선법당은 이러한 제석신앙의 과도기적 흐름 속에서 세워졌던 것으로 생각된다. 조선 후기에 발간된 한국불교의례집에 나타나는 삼장월과 육재일의 재법은 만수무강과 복을 구하는 것으로까지 의미가 확장되고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 결국 사원에 선법당이라는 천계의 공간을 재현시키고, 천신의 눈이 지상으로 향하는 삼장월ㆍ육재일에 재법을 실천했던 것이 한국불교사에서 유행했던 제석신앙의 본질이라 하겠다.

저자들은 상복부 불편감으로 발견된 바터팽대부 점막하 종양의 진단과 치료를 위해 시행한 내시경적 절제술상 신경 절세포 부신경절종과 이소성 췌장이 동시 발현된 증례를 경 험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

The language threshold effect on comprehending an L2 (second language) text was experimentally examined, using two types of measurement tool, multiple-choice & true/false questions and a recall task for L2 reading comprehension. Cognitive processes implicated in each measure were delineated to allow a finer analysis on the role of L1 reading competence and L2 proficiency in comprehending an L2 text. In order to observe how one aspect of L2 proficiency, vocabulary knowledge, is related to language threshold effect, thirty-two 9th grade Korean students in Korea were given a vocabulary knowledge acquisition activity in a treatment condition between a pretest and a posttest. The relative contributions that L1 reading competence and L2 proficiency made to L2 reading comprehension were analyzed before the treatment and after the treatment using multiple-regression analysis technique. The findings of this repeated measure design were consistent with previous correlational studies showing that the role of L1 reading competence became stronger as L2 proficiency operationalized via vocabulary knowledge improved. What is elaborated in the present study is the fact that cognitive processes, initiated by a recall task, are more sensitive to the weakening of language threshold effects.

This study was operated to establish induction using ultrasonography by estimating the relation of follicle size and estrus manifestation. Clinical estrus symptoms were observed 97.4% in cows and 87.5% in heifers when overall 55 cows were induced to estrus in a single dose of after verifying CL through ultrasonography, which means estrus hours among those 52 cows showing the clinical estrus symptoms were estimated 2.39 days on cows and for 2.37 days on heifers which showed no differences (p>0.05). The estrus manifestation hours according to the follicle size in cows didn't have any significance each other (p>0.05), though estrus hours was 54 hours (the shortest) with follicle size bigger than 10 mm and were made up within 69 hours. The estrus manifestation hours according to the follicle size in heifers didn't have any significance each other (p>0.05) and took around 42 hours (the shortest) with follicle size of 5mm (the smallest) and were made up within 66 hours. Follicles after injection were ovulated and assigned to many phases as follows; Group 1 (growing phase) - continuously growing into ovulation, Group 2 (growing and static phase) - delaying in growth after the growth of follicles, Group 3 (static and growing phase) - growing after growth delay, Group 4 (regressing and new growing phase) - the follicle is closed and a new follicle grows. In addition, the process of follicle development and estrus hours had no significance each other (p>0.05), though estrus manifestation hours in Group 1 and 2 was relatively short, and in Group 3 and 4 for a relatively long time. In the result of all above, the estrus manifestation hours after injection has no differences accoring to the follicle size in cows and heifers. Therefore, High pregnancy rate is obtained when practicing artificial insemination within 3 days in estrus or TAI in 72 to 80 hours after adminitrating .

This report describes a case of odontogenic cyst with keratinization and dysplastic change of lining epithelium, which showed the manifestation of inflammatory radicular cyst, clinically. A 28-year-old man complained of dull pain in the right mandibular molar region. Radiographically a well-defined oval cystic lesion with non-vital teeth, a common finding in radicular cyst, was observed. Microscopically, the lining epithelium of the cyst demonstrated both keratinization and severe epithelial dysplasia. Atypical findings such as hyperchromatic nuclei, increase of N/C ratio and drop shaped rege ridge were observed in the lining epithelium. However, definite invasion into fibrous connective tissue was not found. Immunohistochemically, the dysplastic lining epithelium was highly positive for proliferative marker, Ki-67. Based on the dysplastic changes of lining epithelium, this periapical lesion would be considered to be signs of malignant change. From this case, we conclude that definitive diagnosis by microscopical examination should be made, even if the periapical lesion would be clinically considered as inflammatory radicular cyst.

29-year-old female with chronic renal failure and a history of hemodialysis during 10 years showed localized jaw enlargement in the anterior mandible. She also revealed increased serum PTH level, osteosclerosis in her skull base and facial bone, chronic pain in the both knee joint, and gastrointestinal disorder which are symptoms of renal osteodystrophy. The patient was diagnosed hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure. Parathyroidectomy was performed, however, serum PTH level increased again after the parathyroidectomy, the affected area of the mandible was enlarged as the serum PTH level increased. The enlarged area seemed like as peripheral lesion clinically. We reported a case of localized jaw enlargement as oral manifestation in renal osteodystrophy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis in pediatric enteroviral meningitis. A retrospective analysis of the medical records was performed in 281 patients under 18 years of age who were diagnosed with enteroviral meningitis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at Kwangju Christian Hospital from January to December 2016. Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were compared according to the presence or absence of CSF pleocytosis. 112 children (39.9%) did not have CSF pleocytosis. When we compared the group of meningitis without pleocytosis and the group with pleocytosis, age were younger (< 2years), and the interval between onset of symptoms and the time of lumbar puncture was shorter (<24 hours), peripheral white blood cell counts were lower, but C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher in the group of meningitis without pleocytosis. Enteroviral meningitis should not be excluded even if CSF pleocytosis is not seen in patients. And enterovirus CSF RT-PCR should be performed with high suspicion in children younger than 2 years.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum. Ocular involvement is rare and diagnosis of ocular syphilis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms. The diverse manifestation of ocular syphilis occurs as well in secondary as in tertiary syphilis, for it can affect all structures of the eye; corneoscleral, uveal, retinal, and optic nerve inflammation may be observed. We report on a case of ocular syphilis affecting the vitreous body in a 43-year-old healthy male with a 6-month history of diminished visual acuity in the left eye.

수도 흰잎마름병(Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) 병원세균(K1)의 조직내에서의 증식과 이동 그리고 수공을 통해 추출되는 병원세균의 농도를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 저항성 품종에서는 접종 3일후에 약 103 cfu/cm2 로 12일까지 큰 변화가 없었으나 리병성 품종에서는 접종 6일에 약 104 cfu/cm2 에서 접종 12일에는 약 108-109cfu/cm2 로 계속 증식하였다. 2. 병원세균의 접종부위로부터 상, 하향 이동속도 및 증식속도는 상향이동이 약간 빠른 경향이었으며 리병성 품종에서 빠른 증식과 이동속도를 보여 저항성과 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 3. 병원세균의 증식 및 이동은 생육시기에 따른 차이는 없었다. 4. 감염된 잎의 수공을 통해 나오는 병원세균의 농도는 조직내에서 병원세균의 증식 및 이동과 일치하였으며 저항성과도 밀접한 관계가 있었다.