본 연구는 요부 근막통증증후군이 있는 직장인 44명을 캐리어 오일 피부마사지 그룹과 대조군으로 나누어 캐리어 오일 피부마사지가 요부 통증 및 관절 가동성 에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 일주일에 3회, 6주 동안 캐리어 오일 피부마사지 그룹은 호호바 오일 약 3㎖를 도포하고 대조군은 오일 없이 요추부위 에 쓰다듬기 테크닉을 적용하였다. 실험 전후를 비교한 결과 캐리어 오일 피부마 사지 그룹에서 시각 통증 상사척도, 압통 역치, 요부 관절가동성에서 유의한 효과 가 있었다. 따라서 캐리어 오일 피부마사지는 요부 근막통증증후군에 적용하였을 때 물리치료 도수기법 프로그램 및 대체 요법으로 활용될 수 있다.

Background: Technological developments have led to the creation of a mechanical device capable of providing a representative massage as a passive treatment. The use of mechanical massage offers the distinct advantage of being user-friendly and available for use at any given time. Objectives: To investigated present the outcomes of utilizing a massage bed on the range of motion (ROM) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in patients diagnosed with chronic low back pain. Design: ABA design of a single case study. Methods: To measure the ROM of the subject's trunk flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation, a tape measure and goniometer were utilized. Furthermore, PPT was measured using an electronic pressure pain meter. Baseline A and Baseline A’ periods were conducted for 5 consecutive days without intervention. Following the baseline periods, a massage bed intervention was administered for 1 hour daily for a total of 10 days during the Intervention B period. Daily assessments were performed, and the Intervention B period was conducted after the intervention. Results: The ROM effect was confirmed in trunk lateral flexion and rotation, while the PPT was effective in both L1, right L2, left L4, and left L5. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that the use of a massage bed improved the ROM and PPT in patients suffering from chronic back pain. Further randomized controlled trials involving a larger sample size are necessary to validate these findings.

Background: It is Difficult for older adults to avoid a decreased in pulmonary functions caused by aging, and these reduced functions have been shown to affect not only the quality of life, but also the rate of disease and mortality. Although massage therapy is generally applied as a treatment method for improving the musculoskeletal system, massage is also studied as a potential intervention for lung function as a complementary treatment method. Objectives: To determine the effects of massage and relaxation breathing exercise applied after a low-intensity walking exercise on pulmonary functions in older individuals. Design: Quaxi-experiment study. Methods: Twelve day care elderly were divided into a massage group (n=6) and a relaxation breathing exercise group (n=6). After performing low-intensity walking exercise twice for 7 weeks, massage intervention and relaxation breathing exercise intervention were performed, respectively. PEF, FEV1, and FVC were measured by performing lung function tests pre- and post the intervention. Results: As a result of this study, PEF and FVC were significantly increased in the pre- and post-group comparison of MG, and there was no significant difference in FEV1. There were no significant differences in all variables in the pre-post comparison of RBEG within groups. There was no significant difference in all variables in the comparison between the two groups on the intervention results. Conclusion: To conclude, pulmonary functions in older adults increased significantly after the massage intervention, although no significant difference was found in comparison to intervention with relaxation breathing exercise.

본 연구는 아유르베다 마사지와 상담의 효과를 까파 체질의 단일사례를 중심으로 연구 하였다. 아유르베다 마사지의 효과와 상담의 효과를 융합한다면 어떤 결과가 나올지 연구 해 볼 필요성이 있다고 본다. 본 연구의 목적은 신체적, 심리적, 영적 문제를 가지고 있는 사람들을 돕는 기초자료가 되고자 한다. 연구참여자는 S시 거주의 여성(30세)으로 까파 체 질이다. 마사지와 상담 장소는 본 연구자의 연구소에서 이루어 졌으며, 기간은 2022년 1월 5일부터 4월 29일까지 주 1회 12회기를 하였다. 회기마다 30분 상담, 마사지 90분, 상담 30 분 총 2시간 30분간 실시하였다. 비만과 피부발진을 가지고 있는 폭식증 환자로서 본 연구 에 동의하고 참여하였다. 연구결과, 참여자의 경우 심리적 문제가 신체화되어 나타났기 때 문에, 심리적 문제를 먼저 다룰 필요성이 있었다. 아유르베다 마사지를 받으면서 아주 부드 러운 터치에서 충분한 사랑을 받는 것을 느꼈다. 연구자가 참여자의 가정과 직장에서 받는 스트레스를 경청해 주고, 공감해주면서 치료가 되었다.

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) causes various posture imbalances associated with the head and neck. Myofascial release is an effective treatment method used for relaxing muscles and reducing muscle hyperactivity, but no studies have been conducted on suboccipital and neck muscles related to FHP. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of roller massages on the cranio-cervical flexion (CCF) range of motion (ROM) and CCF strength applied to suboccipital and neck muscles in subject with forward head posture. Methods: Twenty-four FHP subjects (male: 13, female: 11) were recruited for this study. All subjects were recruited with a craniovertebral angle (CVA) of 53 degrees or less and a head tilt angle (HTA) of 20.66 degrees or higher. CCF strength was measured using Pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) in the supine posture and CCF ROM was measured using smartphone-based inclinometer. Roller massage (RM) was applied to suboccipital and neck muscles for 2 minutes and CCF ROM and strength were remeasured. Results: These results of this study showed that CCF ROM was a significant difference in CCF ROM before and after RM (p < 0.05). CCF strength also showed a significant difference before and after RM (p < 0.05). Conclusion: RM method might be recommended to increase the immediate ROM and strength of CCF in subjects with forward head posture.

The customer of massage chair is expanding day by day from middle age to all ages. In 2018, the market size was 700 billion KRW, an increase of 30 times over 10 years. However, most related SMEs suffer from excessive competition by the market monopoly of some major companies. In this situation, in order for a related company to survive, it is necessary to steadily research and develop new products. Founded in 2009, company L produces massage chairs for health and relaxation of customers. L’s products use a sound wave vibration module that is favorable for human body, unlike other products that use vibration motor type. However, frequent breakdowns of massage chair due to the vulnerability of plate (leaf) springs, which play an important role in sound wave vibration modules, made sap its competitiveness. In this paper, we propose a method to design desirable plate spring structure by sequentially experimenting with five different plate springs. The results of this study are expected to contribute to improve the quality of plate spring and the reliability of sound wave vibration module. In the future, it is necessary to find a way to use it in the development of foot massage or scalp management device as well as continuous research to find optimal plate spring structure through various analysis.

Background: There have been many studies on self-myofascial release (SMR) stretching, but there are few comparative studies on the effects of massages using a release ball, which is a type of the SMR method. Objective: To investigate the immediate effects of release ball massage and self- stretching on proprioceptive sensory, hamstring’s temperature, range of motion (ROM) muscle strength,. Design: Crossover study. Methods: Thirty women in 20’s at S University in Busan voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were random to release ball group (n=15) or selfstretching group (n=15). Both groups performed 3 sets of exercises, stretching for 30 seconds and resting for 15 seconds in each position. The proprioceptive sensory, temperature of the hamstring muscle, ROM, and strength were measured before exercise, 5 minutes after exercise, and 30 minutes after exercise. Results: Release ball group showed significant differences in muscle length and temperature over time (p<.05). The comparison between two group over time showed significant differences in muscle length, temperature, and muscle strength (p<.05). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that release ball massage and selfstretching are beneficial for improving hamstring's temperature, ROM and muscle strength.

본 연구는 경락마사지가 여성의 어깨 통증에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 여성 참가자들 45명을 비확률표본추출법 중 편의표본추출법(convenience sampling)과 판단표본추출법(judgemental sampling)에 의해 연구 대상 표본을 추출하였고, 참가자들는 S시에서 어깨 통증으로 인해 경락마사지 치료를 받는 45명의 여성들을 대상으로 주 2회 40분씩 총 16회의 경락마사지 처치를 하였다. 본 실험의 프로그램은 참가자 안정-경락마사지-경혈지압-경락마사지-참가자 안정의 순서로 이루어져 있으며 경락마사지에 적용한 경락은 12경락 중에서 수태음폐경(LU; Lung Meridian)과 수태양소장경(SI; Small Intestine Meridian)만을 처치하였다. 측정도구는 어깨 통증에 대한 주관적인 표현을 기록하는 사상척도(Visual Analog Scale; VAS)에 의한 통증평정지수를 3회에 걸쳐 측정하였으며, 5점 리커트 척도를 자기평가기입법에 의해 시행하였다. 이상의 연구방법을 통하여 경락마사지를 받은 여성의 어깨 통증 감소에 관한 영향력에 대하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 첫째, 참가자의 배경변인인 연령에 따른 어깨 통증의 감소효과를 알아보기 위하여 횡단면 분석에서는 모두 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 경락마사지 치료에 따른 참가자의 어깨 통증감소 효과를 알아보기 위하여 대응표본 T-test 통한 차이 검증에서도 모두 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 연령에 따른 어깨 통증감소의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 다변량분산분석(MANOVA) 검증을 실시한 결과 모두 11개의 항목 중에서 10개의 항목에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 문항 6번의 편두통 관련 항목에서만 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구의 결과를 통해 경락마사지가 여성의 어깨 통증 감소에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 한의학과 결합된 치료방법인 경락마사지가 어깨 통증감소에 적합한 프로그램임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 연구의 결과가 향후 여성의 어깨 통증 치료에 긍정적인 기초 자료를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

This study investigated the effects of myofascial release therapy and massage on upper trapezius myalgia and sleep quality in 60 female and male individuals employed at casinos between the ages of 20-49. Subjects were divided into three groups: a myofascial release therapy group (n=20), a massage group (n=20), and a control group (n=20). Each intervention lasted 15 minutes and was performed 4 times a week for 4 weeks. Pain was significantly decreased after the application of myofascial release therapy and massage (p<.05), however slightly increased in the control group, and myofascial release therapy reduced pain a little more than massage. Sleep quality was also significantly increased by myofascial release and mass (p<.05), however only slightly in the control group. The findings of this study suggest that myofascial release therapy and massage are effective in improving upper trapezius myalgia and sleep quality in casino employees.

본 연구는 호흡마사지법으로 생체에너지(기) 순환을 고찰하고자 하였다. 수 천 년 전부터 자연과의 조화를 통해 깨달음을 얻은 선조들은 자연호흡법으로 기에너지의 생성과 승강운동조절을 통하여 무병장수 하였으며, 춥고 배고픈 시절에 복부의 소중함을 체험한 할머니는 부드러운 약손으로 생명의 바다인 복부를 통해 질병을 치유해 주셨다. 이처럼 자연호흡과 할머니의 부드러운 약손의 감성인식 및 동양의학의 핵심내용인 기일원론(氣一元論)의 바탕으로 배꼽호흡테라피가 형성되었다. 자연호흡과 약손 마사지로 기 에너지의 생성과 승강운동을 통하여 복부를 다스려 자연계와 인체내·외의 동태적 평형상태를 유지시킴으로써 몸과 마음의 변화를 가져와 자연스럽게 질병을 치유하여 신체의 항상성을 유지시켜주는 자연치유법이라 할 수 있다. 배꼽호흡테라피를 적극 활용될 수 있는 실무 확산의 계기를 마련하고, 이를 통해 과학적인 임상연구 실무적용에 널리 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of Rolfing and Swedish massage. In total, 105 patients with cervical myofascial pain syndrome were divided into two groups based on the intervention: a 40-min Rolfing session (n = 52) or a 40-min Swedish massage session (n = 53). Pre- and pos-tintervention visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain, muscle tone (Myoton F), muscle elasticity (Myoton D), and muscle stiffness (Myoton S) were measured to compare treatment effects between the two groups. The results revealed a significant decrease in the VAS score for pain, Myoton F, and Myoton S (p < .05), with no change in Myoton D (p > .05), after the intervention in the Rolfing group. Similar findings were obtained for the Swedish massage group. Intergroup comparison of the degree of improvement after the intervention revealed no significant difference for any variable. The findings suggest that both group indicated a similar decrease in pain, muscle tension, and muscle stiffness after the intervention, with no significant improvement in muscle elasticity.

Many people know the benefits of massage for people, especially if they have had an injury. It can also be a very relaxing experience. It the same way, dogs can benefit from pet massages. The owners can choose to do the massage thyself. Some of the benefits of massaging dogs were included to help him recover after an injury or strain, to be calm an excitable dog, to enhance blood circulation and other body functions, to restore and maintain muscle tone, also taken a chance to bond with dogs, to increase trust, and to provide relaxed effects. We are aimed to provide the available knowledges about the health-beneficial functional massage techniques for the companion dogs through literature review. As the results, we reviewed the massage techniques like as stroking, effleurage, wringing and kneading etc. Massages can improve a number of physical body functions like as blood circulation, gastrointestinal functions, relaxing, muscular stretching, immune activation, human animal bonds in dogs. Also, dog massages could induce the decrease of stress, depression and the palpation of the disease of dogs.

Posterior shoulder muscle tightness is frequently observed in shoulder impingement syndrome because tightness in the posterior portion of the shoulder muscles can cause anterior and superior translation of the humeral head in relation to the glenoid fossa. The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of soft tissue massage on acromiohumeral distance (AHD), anterior translation of the humeral head, and glenohumeral (GH) range of motion (ROM) in subjects with posterior shoulder muscle tightness. Twenty-seven subjects with greater than difference in the range of GH horizontal adduction between right and left sides were recruited. The range of GH horizontal adduction and internal rotation were measured by a digital inclinometer. The AHD and anterior translation of the humeral head were measured using ultrasonography. A paired t-test was used to compare AHD, anterior translation of the humeral head, and the range of GH horizontal adduction and internal rotation before and after soft tissue massage. The results showed that AHD increased significantly (p<.05) and the anterior translation of humeral head decreased slightly, but not significantly (p=.40) after the soft tissue massage. Furthermore, the ROM of horizontal adduction and internal rotation in the GH joint increased significantly after the soft tissue massage (p<.05). These findings indicate that soft tissue massage on posterior shoulder muscle tightness is an effective method to increase AHD and ROM in the horizontal adduction and internal rotation of the GH joint.

The present study purposed to examine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage on the recovery of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction. The subjects of this study were 45 healthy students. They were divided into transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group(n=15), self-stretching group(n=15) and functional massage group(n=15), and using Primus RS. We observed the pattern of changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) after causing muscle fatigue in quadriceps femoris muscle through sustained isotonic contraction. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) were greatly increased after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage. In the comparison of recovery rate of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction among the treatment groups, it did not show any significant differences. However, it showed that each treatment may be effective in recovery of muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of two types of stretching extensor carpi radialis on the visual analog scale (VAS), pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs), grip strength (GS), and strength of wrist extensor (SWE) in patients with lateral epicondylalgia. Sixteen patients with lateral epicondylalgia were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to two groups; the conventional stretching group (CS) and the stretching of proximal functional massage group (PFM); the VAS, PPTs, GS, and SWE were measured before and after the intervention. Over a period of stretching exercises were performed for five minutes per day, five days per week. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine the statistical differences in the VAS, PPTs, GS, and SWE (pre- and post-test). The Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the effects of stretching exercises between the CS and PFM groups. The results of this study demonstrated that in the PFM group, the PPTs, GS, and SWE significantly increased, and the VAS decreased (p<.05). In the CS group, the VAS and GS increased significantly after the three-week intervention (p<.05). Pain was decreased and strength (GS and SWE) was increased in the PFM group, compared to the CS group (p<.05). The findings of this study indicate that PFM technique can be applied for decreasing pain and increasing the GS and SWE in patients with lateral epicondylalgia.

Stiffness of the posterior deltoid is as a causative factor in the limited range of glenohumeral horizontal adduction and various other shoulder pathologies including shoulder impingement syndrome, frozen shoulder, and humerus anterior glide syndrome. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two techniques (soft tissue massage and cross-body stretch) on increasing the range of horizontal adduction. Thirty-two subjects with a or greater difference between the right and left sides in horizontal adduction were selected. Sixteen subjects from each group were allocated randomly. Interventions were applied on six occasions for 2 weeks, and the range of horizontal adduction was measured using an inclinometer at pre-and post-intervention. A analysis of variance (interventiontime) was used to compare the effects of the two techniques. In the soft tissue massage group, the angle of horizontal adduction significantly increased compared with the cross-body stretch group. These findings indicate that the soft tissue massage of the posterior deltoid muscle is a more effective method to increase the flexibility of the glenohumeral horizontal adduction.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether aromatherapy massages with manual lymph drainage (MLD) are significantly more effective than sham massages with MLD in reducing edematous limb volume in lymphedema. This study was performed on 46 patients who had developed unilateral upper or lower lymphedema. Twenty-three patients served as the experimental group and were treated with complex decongestive physiotherapy (CDP) applications including aroma massages with MLD, multi layered compression bandages, remedial exercises and skin care. Twenty-three patients in the control group were treated with CDP applications including sham massages with MLD, bandages, exercises and skin care. Patients undergo a therapy program once a day; 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Percentage excess volume (PEV) and body mass index (BMI) were recorded before and after treatment. PEV and BMI were significantly decreased before and after treatment in the experimental as well as in the control groups (p<.05). However, the percentage excess volume and BMI were not significantly improved after treatment between the two groups (p>.05). This study there suggests that aroma massages is not effective in the edema of patients with lymphedema.

본 연구는 30대 중반에서 40대 중반의 전업주부를 대상으로 리날룰성분이 혈액 및 타액 스트레스 호르몬 함량변화에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 연구대상자를 대조군, 아몬드오일 마사지 실험군, 리날룰성분 0.5%를 첨가한 아몬드오일 마사지 실험군으로 세분화하여 5주 간 총 10회의 마사지 프로그램을 실시하였고, 실험 전후 대상자의 혈액 및 타액 코티졸, DHEA, IgA의 함량변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과 전업주부의 스트레스 관련 호르몬인 혈액 코티졸은 리날룰을 0.5% 함유한 아몬드오일 마사지 실험군에서 유의하게 감소하였고, DHEA는 대상자 그룹 간에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 타액 IgA는 변화가 나타났지만 아몬드오일 마사지실험군과 리날룰을 함유한 아몬드오일 마사지 실험군에서 유의한 그룹효과가 나타나지 않아 타액 IgA의 함량증가는 마사지로 인한 효과라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 리날룰이 스트레스 경감에 일정한 효과가 있으며, 마사지 등의 처치와 동시에 적용될 경우 효과가 커질 수 있다는 것을 말해준다.

최근 교육에 관한 많은 관심들이 점차 조기교육으로 쏠리면서 영·유아들의 신체와 정서, 지능발달에 대한 학계와 일반인들의 관심이 점차 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아기 마사지·체조 프로그램이 아기의 뇌의 활동에는 어떠한 변화를 가져오는지에 대한 구체적인 경험적 증거를 제시하고자 EEG를 사용한 뇌파의 변화와 아기 엄마들을 대상으로 한 인터뷰를 통해 마사지와 체조가 아기의 신체적, 정서적 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 생후 3-6개월 사이의 아기들이었으며, 태어나면서부터 아기마사지를 실시하여 온 아기들 5명, 전혀 마사지를 실시하지 않은 아기들 4명이었다. 뇌 활동의 측정을 위해서는 유선뇌파 장비인 LXE 1104-RS232를 이용하여 EEG를 측정하여 분석하였다. 전극 부착부위는 전두엽(frontal lobe)부위의 인지능력을 받아들이는 영역인 F7과 감정에 관계되는 영역인 F8과 운동과 감각기관에 관여하는 영역인 두정엽(parietal lobe)의 C3, C4를 선택하였다. 분산분석 결과 마사지 전 평상시와 발·하체마사지, 상체 마사지, 체조 등 각 형태에 따라 델타파(F=5.515, p<.001), 알파파(F=8.989, p<.000), 베타파(F=4.796, p<.005), 감마파(F=5.519, p<.001)는 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 세타파는 각 상태에 따라 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 아기마사지가 알파파를 증가시킬 것이라는 가설을 입증하였다. 특히 체조를 해주는 경우 감마파의 증가가 두드러지게 나타났다. 감마파는 지금까지 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않았으나 주로 인지적인 두뇌 활동을 할 때 나타나는 파형으로 알려져 있어 앞으로 상당히 의미 있게 다루어져야할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 그룹간인 마사지 그룹과 비마사지 그룹 간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났는데, 평균 간에는 차이가 있었던 것으로 미루어보아 피험자의 수가 적었던 것이 한계점으로 작용을 하였을 것으로 사료되며, 앞으로 더 많은 후속연구가 이루어질 필요가 있을 것이다. 신체적, 정서적 변화에 대한 질적 연구의 결과 신체적 변화차원의 범주는 크게 발달과 건강 차원으로 나누어 졌으며, 정서적 변화차원의 범주는 크게 정서적 교감, 정서적 안정, 집중력의 차원으로 나누어 졌으며, 가장 좋아하는 부위는 발, 가장 좋아하는 시간은 오후 목욕한 후로 조사되었다. 이 연구는 신체적인 접촉이 인간의 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 기존의 연구결과에 덧붙여 아기와 부모간의 상호 신체접촉의 중요성을 다시 한번 일깨워 줄 수 있는 연구결과가 되었다고 할 수 있다.