Medically significant indoor/ectoparasitic insect populations, including bed bugs and head lice, have developed considerable resistance to insecticides due to limited introduction of new genetic traits and the absence of an overwintering barrier. In contrast, outdoor pests like Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes exhibit fluctuating resistance patterns, likely influenced by factors such as overwintering barriers and relatively wider open habitats. Mosquitoes also face selection pressure from diverse sources beyond public health insecticides unlike bed bugs or head lice. Understanding different factors driving resistance among pests is essential for effective resistance management.

This study aims to examine the public's perception of the appropriateness of metaphorical expressions used by medical professionals in medical discourse. A sample of 142 individuals were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of ten metaphorical expressions used by health-care experts. Additionally, questions were posed about the effects of using metaphors. The ten items showed variability in the degree of appropriateness, with metaphors being considered more appropriate when the target was familiar and the similarity between the source and target domains was high. Positive aspects of metaphor use by medical professionals included aiding in understanding, with respondents perceiving such professionals as kind, considerate of patients, and trustworthy. Negative aspects included difficulties in understanding when the similarity between the metaphorical targets was low, requiring lengthy and complex thought processes, and potential misunderstandings of scientific facts. Approximately 15% of respondents reported their own experiences with metaphorical expressions in medical discourse, noting that these metaphors helped them understand the illness and treatment, and induced positive behavioral changes.

The coatings based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly developed for their applications, among others, in medicine, in particular for implants in implantology, cardiology, and neurology. The present review paper aims at a detailed demonstration of different preparation methods for such coatings, their performance, and relationships between deposition parameters and microstructure and material, mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological properties. The thermal and electrostatic spraying, electrophoretic and electrocathodic deposition, and laser methods are presented. Characterization of microstructure of coatings, topography, morphology, adhesion of CNTs to a substrate, mechanical behavior, corrosion resistance, wettability, cytotoxicity, bioactivity, and antibacterial protection are reviewed for different deposition methods and parameters. The state-of-the-art in the field of carbon nanotubes shows a considerable number of research performed on CNTs coatings. The different forms of CNTs, deposition methods, parameters, and substrates were applied as process variables. The microstructures and surface homogeneity, chemical and phase compositions, mechanical properties at the micro- and nanoscale such as coating Young`s modulus and hardness, interface adhesion strength and delaminating force, open corrosion potential and corrosion current density, contact angle in wettability assessment, and bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial efficiency among biological properties were determined. The summary of so far achievements, strengths and weaknesses, and important future research necessary for clarification of some weak points, development of non-toxic, mechanically and chemically resistant, bioactive, and antibacterial multicomponent coatings based on functionalized CNTs are proposed.

본 연구는 인도의 전통의학인 아유르베다와 중국의 중의학 사이의 유사점과 차이점을 통해 아유르베다의 다섯 원소아 ( 까샤, 바유, 떼자스, 아빠스, 쁘리띠위)와 중의학의 오행(수, 화, 목, 금, 토)의 개념을 중심으로 두 의학 체계의 기본 구조 와 생명력에 대한 이해를 돕고자 한다. 아유르베다에서는 세 가지 도샤와 일곱 가지 기본 조직(다뚜)을 통해 신체의 기능 과 질병을 설명하는 반면, 중의학은 다섯 원소와 장부의 상 호 작용을 중심으로 신체와 질병을 파악하였다. 두 체계 모 두 생명력 에너지와 신체의 다양한 조직 및 장기와의 관계를 중요시하며, 질병의 원인과 치료에 대한 접근 방식에서 유사 성이 있으며, 특히, 소화의 중요성과 감정 및 에너지 흐름과 의 관계를 중요시한다. 문화적 기후적 지리적 차이에서 오는 두 이론의 성립에 대한 차이로 인해 각기 다른 의학의 형태 를 가지고 있지만, 본질적인 면인 인간의 신체와 마음을 이 해하는데 유사한 방식을 사용함을 보여주며, 두 전통 의학 체계에 대한 깊은 이해와 추가 연구를 위한 기반을 제공한다.

본 연구는 만성질환으로 외래서비스를 이용하는 환자를 대상으로 의 료기관 유형별 의료서비스 이용 경험을 조사하고, 만성질환자의 건강 결과를 실증적으로 비교 분석하여, 만성질환 관리의 효과적인 중재방안 마련에 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 자료수집은 2023년 7월 1일부터 7월 31일까지 고혈압과 당뇨병 진단으로 보건소 와 의원, 종합병원의 외래서비스를 이용하고 있는 대상자 167명에게 면담을 통한 구조화된 설문지를 작성하여 자료를 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 고령의 취약계층은 의료기관 중 의원을 가장 많이 이용하고 있었고, 의료기관 유형별 이용경험의 결과는 의원이 가장 부정적이었다. 그러나 만성질환 관련 건강 결과는 의료기관 유형별로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 보건소는 특히 취약계층 환자들의 보건의료 요구를 중시하고 공공보건 서비스를 효율적으로 제공해야 하며, 의원의 만성질환 관리 역량의 강 화를 위한 다양한 중재 방안 마련과 함께 국가 시범사업의 적극적 참 여를 유도할 수 있는 정책이 수립되어야 할 것이다.

본 연구는 지카바이러스, 메르스, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) 등의 감염병 방역 및 의료현장에서 사용할 수 있는 의료용 공기정화호흡기(powered air purifying respirators, PAPR)의 항균성 보호복의 후드와 필터를 개발하였다. PAPR은 전동팬 본체 및 필터, 배터리팩, 후드로 구성되며 보호복의 후드 소재는 뛰어난 흡습성, 풍압, 외부충격을 견딜 수 있는 폴리프로필렌 슐폰레이스(spunlace) 부직포 직물(SFS)을 사용하였다. 사용자의 감염위험을 낮추기 위해 후드의 외피에는 피톤치드계 물질을 사용하여 99.9%의 안티-박테리얼(antibacterial) 효과를 얻었으며 내피에는 친수가공을 하여 흡수성을 25% 향상시켰다. 의료용 보호복 후드에 필요한 인공혈액 침투저항성, 건조미생물 침투저항성, 습식세균 침투저항성, 그리고 박테 리오파아지 침투저항성을 평가한 결과 2~6 단계의 합격평가를 받았다. 한편, 항균 처리된 슐폰레이스(spunlace filter, SF) 헤 파 필터(high efficiency particulate air, HEPA)의 성능을 평가한 결과 우수한 항균성, 분진제거율, 차압 효과를 확인하였다.

The nuclear licensee must ensure that the nuclear or radiological emergency preparedness and response organization is explicitly defined and staffed with adequate numbers of competent and assessed personnel for their roles. This paper describes the responsibilities of medical and support personnel for the medical action of casualties in the event of a radiological emergency at the KAERI. Currently, there is one medical personnel (nurse) in KAERI, and a total of eight medical support personnel are designated for medical response in the event of a radiological emergency. These medical support personnel are designated as one or two of the on-site response personnel at each nuclear facility, operating as a dedicated team of A, B (4 people each). In the event of a radiological emergency, not all medical support personnel are mobilized, but members of the dedicated medical team, which includes the medical support personnel of the nuclear facility where the accident has occurred, are summoned. Medical and support personnel will first gather in the onsite operational support center (OSC)/technical support center (TSC) to prepare and stand by for the medical response to injured when a radiological emergency is declared. They should take radiation protective measures, such as wearing radiation protective clothing and dosimeters, before entering the onsite of a radiological emergency, because injuries sustained during a radiological emergency may be associated with radioactive contamination. In the event of an injury, direct medical treatment such as checking the patient’s vitals, first aid, and decontamination will be carried out by medical personnel, while support personnel are mainly responsible for contacting the transfer hospital, reporting the patient’s condition, accompanying the ambulance, filling out the emergency medical treatment record, and supporting medical personnel. In order to respond appropriately to the occurrence of injuries, we regularly conduct emergency medical supplies education and medical training for medical support personnel to strengthen their capabilities.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, yet little is known about how consumers experience and make decisions regarding follow-up care with medical AI. We take an interdisciplinary approach combining behavioral research and neuroscience to examine how anthropomorphism and personalization influence well-being and follow-up decisions. Study 1 found that consumers felt well-being after interacting with a highly personalized interaction, whether human or AI doctor. However, they preferred follow-up visits with the human doctor. Empathy mediated these effects. Study 2 used fMRI to show that the anterior cingulate cortex had greater activation when interacting with the human doctor, indicating more emotional processing and conflict resolution. These findings suggest that medical AI cannot currently replace human doctors, who remain vital for actual medical consultations and treatment. However, consumers viewed AI doctors positively and expressed a belief that AI will enhance well-being. By integrating neuroscience, this research provides biological evidence complementing behavioral findings.

우리나라 폐기물관리법상 의료폐기물은 소각 또는 멸균분쇄 후 소각하도록 되 어 있으나, 멸균분쇄 후 소각하는 경우는 미미하다. 의료폐기물은 멸균분쇄 하 더라도 위해성이 남아 있다는 전제하에 잔재물을 소각해야 한다는 법률규정 때문에 멸균분쇄는 불필요한 과정으로 인식되어 대부분 의료폐기물 전용소각 장에서 소각되고 있다. 그러다보니 의료폐기물 전용소각장의 처리용량이 부족 해지고, 이를 해결하기 위하여 법정한도를 초과해서 처리하는 것을 허용하는 경우도 있으며, 감염정도가 낮은 일회용기저귀는 폐기물관리법 특례를 적용하 여 의료폐기물에서 제외하여 일반폐기물 소각장에서 처리하고 있다. 국내 폐기물관리법은 기계적 처분 방식인 고압증기멸균법 및 마이크로웨이브 멸균법 등이 규정되어 있지만 아직 활성화 되지 못하고 있다. 이는 의료폐기물 처리에 대해 어떠한 방식을 통해서라도 자원을 재활용해야 한다는 당위성에 대한 인식이 부족하기 때문이다. 멸균분쇄 후 남은 잔재물을 소각하지 않고 재활용하기 위해서는 개정되어야 할 규정 들이 많이 있다. 의료폐기물은 발생지인 의료기관이 자가처리 방식으 로 멸균분쇄하여 일반폐기물로 배출하여 재활용하는 것이 가장 바람직한 방법 이다. 따라서, 해외 선진 국가들과 마찬가지로 우리나라도 의료폐기물 재활용, 특히 소재 자체가 활용도가 매우 높은 일회용기저귀에 대해서는 반드시 재활 용 및 재생원료로 사용될 수 있도록 연구, 검토되어야 할 것이다.

This study analyzed requirements for medical masks and difference in satisfaction based on demographic characteristics and side effects experience caused by wearing medical masks. Three factors related to requirements for medical masks were identified: wearing comfort and usability, blocking function for harmfulness, and design. As a result of the difference analysis for requirements of medical masks based on demographic characteristics, all three factors showed a significant difference in gender and occupation. Design did in age and monthly income. As a result of the presence or absence of breathing difficulties experience, design factor was significant. As a result of the presence or absence of skin trouble experience, wearing comfort and usability showed a significant difference. As a result of the difference in satisfaction with medical masks based on demographic characteristics and side effect experience caused by wearing medical masks, breathing, ear string tightness, blocking harmful substances, price, and over all wearing comfort showed a significant difference by gender, marital status, age, occupation, and monthly income, and the presence of absence of breathing difficulty experience and skin trouble experience, respectively. As a result of the interaction effect analysis between demographic characteristics and side effects experience caused by wearing medical masks, it showed a significant interaction effect between gender and monthly income, between marital status and monthly income, between monthly income and breathing difficulties experience, and between monthly income and skin trouble experience.

Background: Like many other countries, falls and related injuries in older adults are great concerns in South Korea. In particular, falls are common in medical institutions, often causing the increase of the length of hospitalization. Objects: The purpose of this review was to help understand and address falls in hospitalized individuals in South Korea. Methods: The review was conducted on literature published in Korean from 2010 to 2022, searched in the Korea Citation Index and PubMed. Keywords used for the search were as follows: falls, fall risk, fall risk assessment, hospital, inpatient, intervention, Korea, and prevention. Results: A total of 54 articles were found and reviewed. The most common place of fall accidents was the inpatient room, where there were many cases of falls while walking. Loss of balance was the most common cause of falls, and many falls occurred in patients admitted to the internal medicine. Furthermore, a risk of falling increased with the type of medications taken. In terms of tools to assess patients’ fall risk, the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) was commonly used. Patient-specific fall prevention activities were common to address falls, and they decreased the frequency of falls and the fear of falling. Factors influencing the effectiveness of the fall prevention activities included attitudes toward falls, education, environmental factors, patient safety culture, and self-efficacy in preventing falls. Conclusion: Our results should help understand and address falls and injuries in medical institutions.

최근 데이터 기반 경제 활동의 비중이 급증하면서 데이터경제에 대한 논의가 활발하지만 우리나라 주요 산업별 데이터경제로의 전환을 체계적으로 분석하는 틀을 제시하는 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구는 문헌연구를 통해 데이터경제의 주요 특징을 플랫폼(platform) 구축, 예측력(predictive power) 강화, 새로운 분석모델(new analytical model)의 활용으로 정리하고, 이에 입각하여 우리나라의 금융, 부동산, 의료 부문 간 데이터 기반 활동의 정도를 비교 분석한다. 분석 결과 금융, 부동산, 의료 부문별로 데이터경제 특징이 실현되고 있는 속도와 내용이 다르다는 것이 관찰되었다. 이는 데이터경제의 확산을 통해 경제 생산성 향상과 복지 증대를 위해서는 금융, 부동산, 의료 등 주요 산업 부문별로 차별화된 정책 접근이 필요 하다는 것을 시사한다.

In this study, it was investigated about optical simulation in high brightness and high uniformity direct-type backlight design for medical application. Direct-type backlight has been used high-brightness backlight such as Medical LCD application. The key parameter in designing direct-type backlight was consists of three geometrical dimension such as the distance of two lamps, the gap of lamp and reflection plate and the number of lamps. It has many of variations in optical design and it causes the different properties in backlight system. It shows the best values of above parameters; 26mm of the distance of two lamps, 4.5mm of the gap of lamp and reflection plate and 16 lamps. And we produced the specimen as above condition, and acquired good result in backlight such as the value of the brightness is 6423 nit in center of emission area and less than 5% in brightness uniformity. It shows the effective ways of designing backlight system using optical simulation method for medical LCD application.

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 의료 관련 감염 예방 지식과 감염관리 자신감, 표준주의 실행도 간의 관계를 확인하고 표준주의 실행도에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 서술적 연구이다. 자료 수집은 2018년 10월4일부터 10월 12일까지 G 광역시에 소재한 간호대학생 160명을 대상으로 진행되었다. 연구 결과 표준주의 실행도는 감염예방 지식(r=.27, p<.001), 감염관리 자신감(r=.52, p<.001)과 정의 상관관계 가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 감염예방 지식은 감염관리 자신감((r=.27, p=012)과 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것 으로 나타났다. 간호대학생의 표준주의 실행도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 감염관리 자신감(β=0.45, p<.001), 피부 접촉 경험이 없는 경우(β=0.18, p<.004), 감염예방 교육을 받은 경우(β=-2.65, p<.009), 감염예방 지식(β=0.15, p<.019) 순으로 나타났으며 모형의 설명력은 35%로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 토 대로 간호대학생의 표준주의 실행도를 높이기 위하여 감염예방 지식과 감염관리 자신감을 높일 수 있는 표 준주의 프로그램을 개발하여 시행하는 것이 필요하다.