We applied column experiments to investigate the environmental fate and transport of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) in fully saturated conditions of porous media. These column experiments were performed to emphasize oxidation method with H2O2 concentration and acidic conditions. The mobility of AgNPs was decreased with the increasing ionic strength that the surface charge of AgNPs(zeta potential) was neutralized with the presence of positive ions of Na+. Additionally, it was also affected due to that not only more increased aggregated size of AgNPs and surface charge of quartz sand. The decreased breakthrough curves(BTCs) of bisphenol-A(BPA) and 17α-ethynylestradiol(EE2) were removed approximately 35.3 and 40%. This is due to that endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) were removed with the release of OH․ radicals by the fenton-like mechanisms from acidic and fenton-like reagent presenting. This results considered that higher input AgNPs with acidic conditions is proved to realistic in-situ oxidation method. Overall, it should be emphasized that a set of column experiments employed with adjusting pH and H2O2 concentration in proved to be effective method having potential ability of in-situ degradation for removing organic contaminants such as BPA and EE2.

PURPOSES : Transportation researchers have contributed to try to both understand and accumulate scientifically how individuals move across time and space. Currently, data generated from household travel diary surveys have been used as the basis of travel behavior (or human mobility patterns) analysis in transportation planning and have been buoyed in a sustainability for decades. Against this backdrop, this study introduces mobile phone signaling big data that can convey more detailed human mobility information across time and space and supplement travel behavior analysis. METHODS: We propose a usable and useful dataset driven from the mobile phone signaling data for better travel behavior analysis. Several data-driven approaches have been tried to estimated and calculate variables inserted into the dataset. RESULTS: In the result, this paper discussed the promise of mobile phone based dataset to applications for inferring human mobility patterns applied to directly transport policy. CONCLUSIONS: It is our hope that this study will stimulate future studies on transportation planning and mobility analysis using mobile phone signaling data in Korea.

As the transportation sector accounts for approx. 30% of energy consumption in Germany, a gradual increase in the number of electric vehicles (1 million should be operating by 2020) can make a significant contribution to road transportation sustainability. We need to plan and construct multi-functional infrastructure corridors to accelerate the introduction of electric vehicles. These not only include the actual transportation infrastructure, but equipment for obtaining energy (solar power units and wind turbines) and the necessary recharging systems (charging points, places and lanes). Zwickau University of Applied Sciences has conducted a feasibility study to mathematically calculate the technical design criteria and energy balance (energy requirements/output) along a section of highway, depending on the electric car quota, the section’s parameters and various energy generation scenarios; this involved driving simulation and real driving experience. The experiment results clearly show that, when designing transportation infrastructure, it makes sense to plan so-called multi-functional infrastructure corridors, which enable independent energy production, parallel energy distribution through cables and directly supplies from the recharging infrastructure. The real transportation infrastructure must develop from a simple to an intelligent roadway. The road standards must take into account the new requirements for alignment and cross-section design. Zwickau University has developed a new methodology for planning and designing multi-functional infrastructure corridors. It generates them with computer support, taking into account points of constraint. Genetic algorithms serve as the mathematical model. Pilot scheme results show that it will be possible to transfer this process to engineering offices in the near future.

A new green light emitting compound based on tris (N-methylindolo) benzene (NMTI), anthracene and pyrene was synthesized. NMTI-An and NMTI-Py were used as the light emitting layer of the OLED element to investigate the luminescence characteristics. The OLED device containing NMTI - NPB luminescent layer and hole transport layer (HTL) showed superior characteristics compared to NMTI-Py. The device exhibited maximum EL emission at 502 nm and 550 nm, CIE coordinates (0.38, 0.48) and a luminance efficiency of 2.06 cd/A. Also, when NMTI and NMTI-An were used as HTL instead of NPB, the device containing NMTI-An emitter showed 2.67 cd/A and 2.29 cd/A in luminescence efficiency.

Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) is a medically important arthropod vector of tick-borne diseases, especially the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). To establish a management strategy against tick-borne diseases, it is fundamental to understand the basic biology of vector species. Therefore under laboratory conditions, we evaluated the horizontal movement of adult and nymph stages of H. longicornis to better understand their dispersal behaviors. In the experiments, field populations were subjected to video recording of the horizontal movement of the ticks in a petri-dish arena for 3 hours. Our results indicate that nymphs showed a significantly higher mobility than adults, whereas there was no significant difference in angular velocity. Nymphs moved 3.74 ± 0.26 m at an angular velocity (AV) of 1.60 ± 0.07 deg/s. and adults moved 2.91 ± 0.26 m at an AV of 1.61 ± 0.14 deg/s.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined respiratory physical therapy on respiratory function, spinal curve and spinal mobility for community-dwelling elderlies with restrictive lung diseases. In total, 10 patients participated in an 8-week intervention program of thoracic cage mobilization and breathing exercise in combination. The results of the study are as follows: for respiratory function, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity(FVC), and FEV1/FVC were significantly improved to .30±0.31ℓ, .46±.42ℓ, and 18.10±11.39%, respectively (p<.05). For spinal curve, the thoracic curve and the lumbar curve were improved significantly to -2.20±1.40° and -1.20±1.14°, respectively (p<.01). For spinal mobility, the thoracic flexion (3.40±2.99°), thoracic extension (3.50±1.43°), lumbar flexion (4.50±4.74°), and lumbar extension(- 1.50±1.84°) were all significantly improved (p<.05). These findings indicate that thoracic cage mobilization and breathing exercise in combination improve the respiratory function, spinal alignment, and spinal mobility in elderly people with restrictive lung diseases,

제 4차 산업 시대의 도래는 기존 사회와 산업 생태계를 급속히 변화시키며, 기술, 문화, 금융 등의 경계선을 사라지게 하고 있다. 이동공간 산업도 마찬가지로, 기존의 기계공학 중심의 산업이 전자 및 정보통신기술과 융합함에 따라 이동성 및 안전성 중심의 공간을 넘어, 인포테이먼트 및 콘텐츠를 소비할 수 있는 공간으로 변화하고 있다. 현재까지 수행된 차세대 이동공간 관련 이론적 평가 방법은 대부분 사용성 평가, 혹은 수용성 평가방법 등에 집중되어있으나, 실제 동향조사에 의하면 대부분의 자동차 OEM을 포함한 많은 이동공간 업체에서는 감성평가를 중요시하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 차세대 이동공간에서의 콘텐츠 인터랙션을 개발하는 데에 있어 어떠한 감성 요소들을 평가해야 하는지에 대해 수행한다. 패트릭 조단의 네 가지 즐거움 이론의 감성요소들을 기반으로 국내 운전자 116명을 대상으로 차세대 이동공간에서 콘텐츠 감성평가를 수행할 때 필요한 요소들에 대해 평가하였다. 통계분석 및 AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 분석 결과, 심리적-관념적-사회적-물리적 즐거움 순으로 평가 우선순위를 도출시키는 것이 필요하며, 콘텐츠 소비 유형에 따른 평가를 수행하는 것이 필요할 것으로 나타났다.

The aim of this study was to provide a basis for the molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological action of ethanol. We studied the effects of 1-propanol on the location of n-(9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid or stearic acid (n-AS) within the phospholipids of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV). The SPMV were isolated from the bovine cerebral cortex and liposomes of total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL). 1-Propanol increased the rotational mobility of inner hydrocarbons, while decreasing the mobility of membrane interface, in native and model membranes. The degree of rotational mobility varied with the number of carbon atoms at positions 16, 12, 9, 6 and 2 in the aliphatic chain of phospholipids in the neuronal and model membranes. The sensitivity of increasing or decreasing rotational mobility of hydrocarbon interior or surface by 1-propanol varied with the neuronal and model membranes in the following order: SPMV, SPMVPL and SPMVTL.

Background:Active trigger points (TrPs) of the suboccipital muscles greatly contribute to the occurrence of chronic tension-type headache, with increased sensitivity of TrPs and facilitated referred pain.Objects:This study aimed to investigate whether the integration of high-frequency diathermy into suboccipital release is more beneficial than the use of suboccipital release alone.Methods:Thirty subjects were assigned to either experimental group-1 (EG-1) to undergo suboccipital release combined with high-frequency diathermy (frequency: 0.3 MHz, and electrode type: resistive electronic transfer), or EG-2 to undergo suboccipital release alone, or the control group (CG) with no intervention, with 10 subjects in each group. The assessment tools included the headache impact test 6 (HIT-6), perceived level of tenderness, neck disability index, and neck mobility. Intervention was performed for 10 minutes, twice per week, for 4 weeks, and measurements were performed before and after the interventions.Results:The between-group comparison of the post-test values and changes between pretest and post-test showed significant differences for all parameters at p<.05, except for the left-to-right lateral bending range. In the post hoc test, EG-1 showed significant differences for the parameters in comparison with the CG, while no significant differences in the perceived tenderness level, on both temporal regions, were found between EG-2 and CG. Furthermore, the HIT-6 score and perceived tenderness level, in the right temporal region, showed significant differences between EG-1 and EG-2. In the within-group comparison, EG-1 and EG-2 appeared to be significantly different between pretest and post-test (p<.05), except for the perceived tenderness level in the right temporal region, with significance for the EG-1 group only (p<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the suboccipital release technique may be advantageous to improve headache, tenderness, and neck function and mobility, with more favorable effects with the incorporation of high-frequency diathermy.

Background:Research efforts to improve the pulmonary function of people with limited chest function have focused on the diaphragmatic ability to control breathing pattern. Real-time ultrasonography is appropriate to demonstrate diaphragmatic mechanism during breathing.Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing training using real-time ultrasonographic imaging (RUSI) on the chest function of young females with limited chest mobility.Methods:Twenty-six subjects with limited chest mobility were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) depending on the use of RUSI during diaphragmatic breathing training, with 13 subjects in each group. For both groups, diaphragmatic breathing training was performed for 30-min, including three 10-min sets with a 1-min rest interval. An extra option for the EG was the use of the RUSI during the training. Outcome measures comprised the diaphragmatic excursion range during quiet and deep breathing, pulmonary function (forced vital capacity; FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1-sec; FEV1, tidal volume; TV, and maximal voluntary ventilation; MVV), and chest circumferences at upper, middle, and lower levels.Results:The between-group comparison revealed that the diaphragmatic excursion range during deep breathing, FVC, and middle and lower chest circumferences were greater at post-test and that the changes between the pretest and post-test values were greater in the EG than in the CG (p<.05). In addition, the subjects in the EG showed increased post-test values for all the variables compared with the pretest values, except for TV and MVV (p<.05). In contrast, the subjects in the CG showed significant improvements for the diaphragmatic excursion range during quiet and deep breathings, FVC, FEV1, and middle and lower chest circumferences after the intervention (p<.05).Conclusion:These results indicate that using RUSI during diaphragmatic breathing training might be more beneficial for people with limited chest mobility than when diaphragmatic breathing training is used alone.

본 연구는 고령 운전자의 운전능력에 대한 주관적 평가와 객관적 수행, 이동성 및 주관적 안녕감 사이의 관련성을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 고령 운전자들의 이동성과 주관적 안녕감은 설문조사 방법을 통해 측정하였다. 운전능력 에 대한 주관적 평가는 다양한 운전 상황을 도식적으로 제시한 후 각 상황에서의 운전능력을 주관적으로 평정하게 하였고. 객관적 수행은 운전 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고령 운전자의 운전능력에 대한 객관적 수행과 이동성 사이의 상관은 유의하지 않았던 반면, 주관적 평가와 이동성 사이의 상관은 정적으로 유의하였다. 그리고 이동성과 주관적 안녕감의 하위요인 중 삶의 만족, 긍정 정서와는 정적 인 반면, 부정 정서와는 부적인 상관이 관찰되었다. 둘째, 고령 운전자의 운전능력에 주관적 평가가 높을수록 이동성 수준이 높았고, 이러한 높은 이동성은 다시 주관적 안녕감의 하위요인 중 삶의 만족과 긍정 정서를 정적으로 반면,부정 정서는 부적으로 예측하였다. 본 연구의 결과들은 고령 운전자의 주관적 안녕감에는 객관적 운전수행보다는 운전 능력에 대한 스스로의 평가가 더 중요한 기여를 할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

Because of environmental and resource depletion issue, there is a growing interest in eco-friendly vehicle, especially electric car. The small electric city car, called "Micro Mobility" has gained in popularity because of generalization of households under two or less members. In this study, to improve mechanical characteristics of Micron Mobility, 2-speed planetary transmission is designed, manufactured, and its efficiency is verified.

The types and characteristics of services that airport service systems provide have recently been diversified and specialized to meet various needs of users and their travelling activities. A service for the mobility handicapped is one of the newly demanded services. However, current services for them, which are provided by most of the Korean airports, are not sufficient to satisfy their needs. Additionally, there exist a lot of constraints in the use of those services, which makes it difficult for the mobility handicapped to use them effectively. Another problem is that a lot of the mobility handicapped do not even know that airports now offer services specialized for them. Considering that Korean airports have been recognized as a top-level service provider for about decades, it can be claimed that such an inferior quality of services for the mobility handicapped should be urgently improved. With this issue in mind, this study aims to propose an approach to improving the quality of airport services for the mobility handicapped. Firstly, we examined the actual conditions of the services for the mobility handicapped and identified the limitations of the current services, based on the results of literature review and questionnaire survey against the mobility handicapped and stakeholders of the services currently provided. Then we established a set of design improvement requirements and suggested several ways to improve the services for the mobility handicapped. Finally, we pointed out several issues to be resolved to design better specialized services for the mobility handicapped.

목적 : 현상학적 연구방법을 통해 지역사회 내에서 독립적인 휠체어 이동을 하고 있는 척수손상 장애인을 대상으로 이동 경험과 대처 전략을 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 독립적으로 지역사회 내에서 휠체어 이동을 하고 있는 5명의 척수손상 장애인을 대상으로 직접 방문하여 면담을 실시하였다. 면담 내용은 녹음하였고 면담 후 추가적인 내용 확인은 전화나 이메일을 이용하였다. 녹음된 내용은 전사한 후 여러번 읽으면서 분석하였다. 결과 : 면담 내용은 4개의 주제와 12개의 중심의미, 48개의 의미단위로 정리하였다. 지역사회 내 독립적인 이동 시 어려움에 관한 경험에는 물리적 환경, 개인적 맥락, 관련 서비스, 자연 환경에 의한 경험이 포함 되었고, 도움에 관한 경험에는 타인으로부터의 도움, 변화 및 대처전략에는 발전적 변화, 환경 선택 및 위축이 포함되었다. 사회에 대한 기대에는 물리적 환경, 국가 체계 및 서비스에 대한 기대가 포함되었다. 결론 : 척수손상 장애인의 지역사회 내 휠체어 이동의 안전과 접근성을 향상시키기 위하여 물리적 환경을 개 선할 때에는 이용자 중심의 세심한 접근이 필요하며, 비장애인의 장애인에 대한 정서적 지지와 의식적인 노력이 필요하다. 또한 작업치료사들의 조직적, 개인적 노력과 더불어 사회와 국가의 지지가 요구된다.

The purpose of this study was to find which spatiotemporal gait parameters gained from stroke patients could be predictive factors for the gait part of Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA-G). Two hundred forty-six stroke patients were recruited for this study. They participated in two assessments, the POMA-G and computerized spatiotemporal gait analysis. To analyze the relationship between the POMA-G and spatiotemporal parameters, we used Pearson’s correlation coefficients. In addition, multiple linear regression analyses (stepwise method) were used to predict the spatiotemporal gait parameters that correlated most with the POMA-G. The results show that the gait velocity (r=.67, p<.01), cadence (r=.66, p<.01), step length of the affected side (r=.49, p<.01), step length of the non-affected side (r=.53, p<.01), swing percentage of the non-affected side (r=.47, p<.01), and single support percentage of the affected side (r=.53, p<.01) as well as the double support percentage of the non-affected side (r=-.42, p<.01) and the step-length asymmetry (r=-.64, p<.01) correlated with POMA-G. The gait velocity, step-length asymmetry, cadence, and single support percentage of the affected side explained 67%, 2%, 2%, and 1% of the variance in the POMA-G, respectively. In conclusion, gait velocity would be the most predictive factor for the POMA-G.

최근 우리나라 기업에서 일하는 종업원들도 평생고용 인식의 퇴조와 함께 과거 부정적으로 보아왔던 직장이동에 대해 긍정적인 시각으로 변하고 있다. 한편 국내에 소재한 외국계 기업에서 일하는 종업원들 은 이미 오래전부터 무경계 경력태도를 갖고 직장이동을 긍정적으로 받아 들였다. 이와 같은 경력태도에 주목하여 본 연구는 무경계 경력태도가 직장이동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 한국기업의 종 업원 264명과 한국에 소재한 외국계 기업 종업원 315명을 조사대상으로 두 집단의 무경계 경력태도를 측정하여 비교 분석하고, 무경계 경력태도가 직장이동에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 무경계 경력태도는 무경계 의식과 조직 이동선호 의식의 두 하위요인으로 구분되었고, T-test결과 무경계 의식에 대해 두 집단 간에 차이가 없으나, 이동선호 의식에서는 외국계 기업 종업원이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 무경계 경력태도와 직장이동의 관계에 대한 분석에서, 무경계 의식은 한국기업과 외국 계 기업의 종업원 집단에서 공히 직장이동에 통계적 유의성이 없는 것으로 파악된 반면, 이동선호 의식은 외국계 기업 및 전체 종업원집단에서 직장이동에 정(+)의 관련이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 소속 노동시장 이 직장이동에 미치는 효과분석에서는 외국계 기업에 속하는 종업원의 경우에만 통계적으로 높은 유의성 을 보였다. 연구의 결과를 통해 외국계 기업 종업원들의 경우 외부 노동시장이 활성화되어 있고 이들의 이동선호 의식이 직장이동의 예측변수로 작용함을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 한국기업의 종업원들도 이미 평생고용 의 직장관을 버리고 무경계 경력인식을 강하게 갖고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으나, 내부노동시장에 의존하 는 고용관행과 외부노동시장의 발달이 미흡하여 직장이동의 행위가 현실화되는 데는 제약이 있는 것으로 파악되었다.