방충포장 상용화 연구를 위하여 선정된 천연기피물질을 이용한 방충포장 소재를 개발하고 이들의 저장해충에 대한 방충효과를 시험하였다. ㈜농심의 라면포장 박스의 접착제로 사용되는 핫멜트에 0, 2%의 기피물질을 처리하고 화랑곡나방에 대한 방충효과를 시험한 결과, 2% 기피물질이 처리된 방충 핫멜트 처리구와 무처리구 간 화랑곡나방 개체수는 박스외부에서는 차이가 없었으나(df=30, t=0.56, P>0.05), 박스의 골판지 틈새(df=30, t=6.78, P<0.05)와 박스내 부(df=30, t=2.45, P<0.05)에서는 처리구에서 유의하게 적게 나타났으며, 무처리구와 처리구 박스내부 전체(박스내부+ 골판지 틈새)와 박스 전체에서 발견된 화랑곡나방 개체수도 처리구에서 유의하게 적은 것으로 조사되었다 (내부전체: df=30, t=13.58, P<0.05, 박스전체: df=30, t=13.60, P<0.05). 화랑곡나방 유충이 발견된 위치는 무처리구와 처리구 모두에서 박스외부가 가장 적었으며, 박스내부와 골판지 틈새의 순으로 조사되었으며 전체적으로 처리구에서 유의하 게 적게 발견되었다.

Entomopathogenic fungi have been used to control pest as alternative to chemical pesticide. To kill the pest entomopathogenicfungi penetrate cuticle of pest, reach the hemocoel and utilize nutrient of host pest. Finally fungi kill the host by consumingthe host nutrient and physically damaging the tissues. But these process of fungi to control pest is needed so much timeand this point is a disadvantage for fungi. Therefore we studied other application method of fungi to control pest. Weconducted behavior test of beet armyworm to Isaria fumosoroseus which is high virulent against beet armyworm. Adultof the beet armyworm avoided oviposition at Chinese cabbage treated with I. fumosoroseus compare to control and otherhigh pathogenic isolate, Metarhizium anisopliae and this repellency of I. fumosoroseus lasted for 5days in greenhouse.Behavior of larvae to I. fumosoroseus also investigated with choice and non-choice test. Third to fifth instar larvae detectedand avoided fungi. Repellent behavior of larvae to fungi was more noticeable in younger larvae. This result may be usedto prevent the infestation of moth in crop production.

Exposure to house dust mites is closely connected with allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. House dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus) act as allergens even after their death. Therefore, repelling the house dust mites is more effective method than killing them. Many chemical agents have been used in killing house dust mite. However, it is usually reported that these chemical agents (acaricides) exhibit adverse effects and toxicity toward animals and human. For these reasons, we carried out the experiments for measuring the repellent activity of Mate tea and Jasmine tea against house dust mites in this experiment. In order to determine the concentration having the most effective repellent effect of Mate and Jasmine tea, house dust mites (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus) were exposed at different concentrations (0, 0.015625, 0.03125, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 mg/40 μL) of Mate tea and Jasmine tea extracts, respectively, for different hours (0.5, 1, 2, 3 hours). The most effective repellent effect (%) against house dust mite in 0.25 mg/40 μL of Mate tea for 2 hours was 73.5%, Jasmine Petal tea in 0.0625 mg/40 μL for 1 hour was 84.1% and Pearl Jasmine tea in 0.125 mg/40 μL for 0.5 hour was 82.8%. These results suggest that Mate tea and Jasmine tea extracts have potential effect to repel the house dust mites (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus)

Microbe have been considered as potential control agents for pest, as alternative to chemical control methods. Among entomopathogens, fungi cause the mortality by penetrating the cuticle of pest and/or by metabolites such as toxin. Not only this direct control effect of fungi, but repellency of fungi also may be used to prevent the pest. Repellence effect of fungi is considered as inhibitory factor to control termite. A study was reported in Japan that termite was able to detect and remove the conidia of fungi on their surface. The termite can escape from fungal infection and protect their colony. There is few study that insect pest such as moth can detect and avoid the virulence fungi. Therefore, we has been conducting the detection and avoidance of beet armyworm to high pathogenic fungi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. Adult of the beet armyworm avoided oviposition at Chinese cabbage treated with P. fumosoroseus compare to control. This result may be used to prevent the infestation of moth in crop production.

본 연구는 쌀을 비롯한 저장곡물을 가해하는 어리쌀바구미(Sitophilus zeamais) 성충에 대해서 8종의 식물정유의 훈증독성과 Y-tube를 이용한 후각반응으로 기피효과를 조사하였다. 10㎕/L air의 농도에서 훈증독성시험 결과 pennyroyal과 tea tree 오일에서 각각 97%, 63%의 높은 살충효과를 보였다. 특히, pennyroyal oil(LT50, hour=3.87)은 tea tree oil((LT50, hour=4.09)보다 높고 빠른 살충력을 보였다. 10㎕/filter paper의 농도에서 후각계를 이용한 기피효과는 Cedarwood(80%), Cinnamon(83.3%), Cypress(81.1%), pennyroyal(97.1%) oil이 높은 기피활성을 보였으며, 이보다 낮은 1㎕/filter paper의 농도에서도 Cinnamon(82.4%), Cypress(80.0%), pennyroyal(86.7%) 오일은 높은 기피활성을 나타냈다.

본 연구에서는 심한 소음으로 불쾌감을 주는 스포츠웨어용 PTFE 라미네이팅 투습발수 직물 8종을 대상으로 직물 마찰음의 심리음향학적 특성을 고찰하고, 심리음향학적 특성에 영향을 미치는 직물의 기본 특성과 역학적 특성 간의 관계를 파악함으로써, 직물의 심리음향학적 마찰음을 낮출 수 있는 변인을 찾아내고자 하였다. 직물 마찰음 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 녹음한 직물의 소리에서 Zwicker의 파라미터인 심리음향학적 크기(loudness(Z)), 날카로움(sharpness(Z)), 거칠기(roughness(Z)), 그리고 변동강도(fluctuation strength(Z))를 계산한 뒤, 소리특성에 대한 사후검정 결과에 따라 시료를 덜 시끄러운 PTFE 필름 그룹과 더 시끄러운 PTFE 필름 그룹으로 나누어 마찰음의 심리음향학적 특성과 직물의 역학적 특성, 기본특성간의 관계를 고찰하였다. 심리음향학적 특성 중 loudness(Z)만이 시료의 마찰음과 유의한 관계에 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 분석 결과 직물의 기본 특성에서는 layer가 얇고 필라멘트사를 사용한 직물의 마찰음이 덜 시끄럽게 인지되는 것으로 나타났으며, 직물 마찰음의 심리음향학적 크기에 영향을 미치는 주요변수로는 layer로 것으로 나타났다. 마찰음이 작은 PTFE 필름 그룹의 경우 전단 방향으로의 변형이 어려울수록 마찰음이 시끄나타났다. 시끄러운 마찰음을 갖는 PTFE 필름 그룹의 경우 심리음향학적 크기에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수로 전단이력이 설명 변인으로 포함되었다.

House dust mite (HDM) allergens have been associated with allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Various acaricidal agents have been suggested for control of house dust mites; however, their remains act as allergens even after death. Therefore, for avoidance of allergen, expelling the mites is a more effective policy than killing them. In this experiment, we compared the repellent effect of two essential oils (Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula vera) against house dust mites, Dermatophagoids farinae and D. pteronyssinus in bed fabric. The essential oils were applied by direct contact method at various doses (0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, and 0.00625 μl/cm2 and at various exposure times (30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min). Results of this experiment suggest that the two oils have significant repellent activity. Camomile essential oil in 0.0125 μl/cm2 at 240 minutes had a repellent effect of 93.7% and lavender essential oil in 0.05 μl/cm2 at 180 minutes had a repellent effect of 88.9%. The results of this study showed that camomile essential oil has more potent repellent activity than lavender essential oil at a particular concentration.

Various acaricidal agents have been used to reduce the dust mite population. On the point of keeping people away from mite allergens, however, repelling mites from the living space of human is more effective than just killing them, because the dead bodies of mites still act as allergen. To examine the potential of Artemisia in controling house dust mites, Artemisia extract was evaluated for its repellency to Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. Repellency tests were performed using filter-paper circles cut in halves. The Artemisia extract was applied on each half at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8㎕/㎠. Proper repellent effects of Artemisia extract on house dust mites were observed at the concentrations of ＞0.4㎕/㎠. As a positive control, lavender essential oil was used at concentrations of 0, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1㎕/㎠. Lavender oil showed proper repellent effects at concentrations of ＞0.05㎕/㎠. These results suggest that Artemisia extract has potential to control the house dust mites, and might be useful as a dust mite repellent.

Dyed loess and charcoal fabrics are sold in market as bedding. They have a lot of functions so that people are getting to increase their expenditure for them. Thus we investigated a repellent effect of loess fabrics and charcoal fabrics against house dust mites. The evaluation of the repellent effect of dyed loess fabrics and charcoal fabrics was conducted by using Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. We compared the repellent effect of dyed loess fabrics at different doses of 0.3, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 ㎎/㎠ and dyed charcoal fabrics at different doses of 0.3, 0.6, 1.0 ㎎/㎠. Commercial loess fabrics did not have a repellent effect against house dust mites. but commercial charcoal fabrics had the repellent effect by 78% against them. In case of dyed charcoal fabrics added with charcoal powder over 0.6 ㎎/㎠, they showed the repellent effect by over 80%. These results suggest that loess fabrics and charcoal fabrics have a repellent effect of against house dust mites and they can be commercially used for the purpose.

The acricidal potency of some essential oils can be applied to the control of house dust mites. But it is more effective keeping the house dust mites away than killing them because they remain as allergens even after death. The most efficient repellent concentration of lavender and tea tree in 10㎕ against house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus) were experimented by direct contact bioassay method at various doses ; 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125% and at vairous exposure times ; 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. The most effective dose of essential oils (lavender and tea tree) against house dust were 0.625% and the repellent effectiveness at the mowt effective dose of 0.625% were 95.6% for lavander and 96.2% for tea tree, respectively. These results suggest that lavender and tee tree can be effectively used in the control of house dust mites.

The insecticidal potency of some essential oils have been suggested that they may find an application in the control of house dust mites. We compared the repellent effect of four essential oils ; lemon grass (Cymbopogon nardus), lavender(Lavandula vera), rosemary(Rosmarinus officinalis) and ylang ylang(Cananga odorata). The oils were exposed at different doses(0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, and 0.00652 ㎕/㎠) and different times(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours) on house dust mites(Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus). The repellent effects(%) of essential oils that were exposed at 0.1 ㎕/㎠ and for 1 hours against house dust mites were lemon grass(63.3%) and rosemary(61%), lavender(40%), ylang ylang(40%) in the order named.

We evaluated two herbal plants, basil (Ocimum basilicum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), for their potential as repellent plants in the management of striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata), in organic production of chinese cabbage. It was confirmed that striped flea beetle avoided these two herbal plants in olfactometer experiment. We conducted field experiment in which the suppressive effect of the two selected herbal plants and cruciferous crops preferred by striped flea beetle were evaluated through cultivating as inter crops and border crops, respectively. In inter-cropping experiment, unlike in vitro test, the density of striped flea beetle was low in basil- or mustard-intercropping cultivation plot, but high in lemon balm-intercropping cultivation plot. In border cropping experiment, the density of striped flea beetle on chinese cabbage in lemon balm or basil cultivation plot were approximately zero. As a result of this study, we think that border cropping of lemon balm or basil can be used to reduce preventively

본 연구는 유기농 배추재배를 위한 주요 해충 방제를 위한 push-pull 전략 수립을 하고자 유인 또는 기피식물의 효과를 평가하였다. 2012년 충남 서산의 유기농 배추재배농가에서 발생하는 배추좀나방, 배추잎벌레, 진딧물, 비단노린재 및 갈색노린재에 대한 메리골드, 호밀, 부추, 상추, 치커리, 농우-치커리, 쑥갓, 트레비소 및 겨자채 등, 9가지의 식물에 대한 유인 또는 기피효과를 평가하였다. 10종의 유인 및 기피식물 중에서, 호밀과 치커리는 갈색날개노린재와 비단노린재를 각각 강하게 유인하였다. 진딧물은 다른 식물보다 호밀에 선택적으로 유인되었다. 겨자채는 비단노린재, 갈색날개노린재 순으로 유인하였다. 비단노린재는 상추와 부추 혼작처리에 유인되었다. 유기농 배추포장에서 쑥갓, 트레비소, 청겨자의 단독 또는 혼합처리는 배추잎벌레, 배추좀나방, 비단노린재, 진딧물, 갈색날개노린재의 발생을 강하게 기피하였다. 상기 결과들은 선발한 해충 유인 및 기피식물은 배추의 종합적 해충방제를 위한 인자로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

벼 담수 직파재배와 콩 포장에서 조류 기피제인 methiocarb 50％ WP의 처리에 의한 새 피해 경감 효과를 조사하기 위하여 화성벼와 태광콩을 공시하고 약제의 양을 달리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. <실험 1> 벼 종자에 대한 methiocarb 처리에 따른 새 피해 경감 효과와 모의 생육 1) 벼 담수 직파재배에서 무처리구는 파종 후 2일에 12％, 3일 후에 37％, 5일 후에 50％의 새 피해가 발생하였으나, 벼 종자 5g 처리구는 4일 후에 35％, 5일 후에 39％의 피해가 있었고, 10, 15g 처리구는 파종 후 6일에 9％ 정도이었다. 2) 벼 담수 직파재배에서는 파종 7일 후에는 초엽과 침엽이 출현함으로써 새에 의한 피해가 상당히 감소되는 것으로 나타나서 새에 의한 피해방지는 파종 후 7일 이내가 중요하였다. 3) 약제 처리에 대한 벼 종자의 출아율은 종자 kg 당 methiocard 10g 처리구까지는 차이가 없었으나 15g 처리구에서는 유의하게 출아율이 저하하는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 파종 20일 후의 초장과 엽수는 종자 kg당 methiocarb 15g 처리구가 유의하게 작아지는 것으로 나타났다. 2. <실험 2> 콩에 대한 methiocarb 처리에 따른 새 피해 경감 효과 1) 콩 포장에서 새 피해 발생 정도를 경시적으로 조사한 결과 methiocarb 7.5g 처리구는 무처리구에 비하여 현저하게 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 콩 포장에 대한 methiocarb 처리에 의한 약해 정도를 경시적으로 조사한 결과 전 처리구에서 약해 발생은 관찰되지 않았다.