The SLA 3d printer is the first of the commercial 3D printer. The 3D printed output is printed hanging on the bed that move to the upper position. Sandblasted bed is used to prevent layer shift. If sandblasting is wrong, the 3D printed output is layer shifted. For this reason, 3D printer manufacturing companies inspect the bed surface. However, the sandblasted surface has variety of irregular shapes and craters, so it is difficult to establish a quality control standard. To solve problems, this paper presents a standardized sandblasting histogram and threshold. We present a filter that can increase the classification rate.

돼지는 경제적으로 중요한 동물이며, 장기 이식용 동물들 중 인간의 장기와 크기 및 구조가 유사한 돼지에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그 중 Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC)는 돼지에서 SLA(Swine Leukocyte Antigen)이라 불리어지며, 이종장기 이식시 면역거부 반응에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 돼지 SLA class Ⅲ 영역에 존재하는 다양한 SNP들의 haplotype을 추정하고, 이를 이용한 계통발생학적 분류와 LD block을 조사함으로써 SLA class Ⅲ 영역 내에 존재하는 많은 SNP들이 어떤 조합의 형태로 다음 세대로 전달되는 지를 규명하고자 실행하였다. SLA class Ⅲ 영역의 haplotype을 조사하기 위해 약 10 kb 간격으로 48개의 SNP들을 선발하였고, 8품종(총 111두)에서 111개의 haplotype을 확보하였다. Principal Component Analysis(PCA)를 수행한 결과 미니돼지는 독립적인 group을 형성하였으며, Large White, Landrace, Berkshire가 하나의 group을 형성하였다. 또한 한국 재래돼지와 Duroc, 한국 야생멧돼지와 Tongcheng pig가 각각 group으로 형성되었다. SLA class Ⅲ 영역에서 선발한 48개 SNP들의 LD를 추정한 결과 모든 품종에서 SNP들 사이의 LD block이 형성되지 않았다. 이는 haplotype이 고정되어 지지 않는 이유와 마찬가지로, SLA class Ⅲ 영역에 존재하는 SNP들이 면역 또는 질병과 연관되어 있어 같은 품종 내 에서도 다형성을 보이는 것으로 사료된다.

This article compares recent topical and methodological trends in second language research published in two domestic (English Teaching and Modern English Education)and two international journals (Language Learning and The Modern Language Journal) from 2007 to 2012. The journals were selected in consideration of the extent to which the area of language teaching and learning is given prominence, impact factors at the time of data collection, and comparability in the total number of articles during the period. A total of 867 articles were analyzed by two raters cooperatively in terms of data collection/analysis methods, target language skills, and research themes. Results reveal that there has been a significant change in domestic research over the past six years when compared to surveys before 2007. Overall, with some emerging region-specific issues and orientations, researchers in Korea seem to have embraced a greater diversity of topics and methods that are comparable to the international trends.

In order to investigate genetic stability and gene expression profile after cloning procedure, two groups of cloned pigs were used for swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) gene nucleotide alteration and microarray analyses. Each group was consist of cloned pigs derived from same cell line (n=3 and 4, respectively). Six SLA loci were analyzed for cDNA sequences and protein translations. In total, 16 SLA alleles were identified and there were no evidence of SLA nucleotide alteration. All SLA sequences and protein translations were identical among the each pig in the same group. On the other hand, microarray assay was performed for profiling gene expression of the cloned pigs. In total, 43,603 genes were analyzed and 2,150～4,300 reliably hybridized spots on the each chip were selected for further analysis. Even though the cloned pigs in the same group had identical genetic background, 18.6～47.3% of analyzed genes were differentially expressed in between each cloned pigs. Furthermore, on gene clustering analysis, some cloned pigs showed abnormal physiological phenotypes such as inflammation, cancer or cardiomyopathy. We assumed that individual environmental adaption, sociality and rank in the pen might have induced these different phenotypes. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that SLA locus genes appear to be stable following SCNT. However, gene expressions and phenotypes between cloned pigs derived from the same cell line were not identical even under the same rearing conditions.

본 연구는 IT 운영관리 부분이 글로벌 환경 하에서 기업의 경쟁력 및 기업의 역량을 키우기 위해 관리개선에 집중하고 있으며 기업에서는 이를 위해 아웃소싱을 통해 운영관리 프로젝트의 성능 및 품질 개선의 일환으로 프로젝트의 목표와 수행실적을 극대화하기 위하여 SLA(Service Level Agreement)를 적용하는 사례가 늘어나고 있다. 하지만 성공적인 SLA (Service Level Agreement) 적용을 위하여 구체적인 사례 연구를 통해 서비스 제공 수준을 최소 서비스 수준 이상의 IT 서비스 품질을 보장함으로써 비즈니스 경쟁력의 우위를 확보하여 각 영역별 서비스 품질 측정을 위한 목표 서비스 수준보다 개선된 IT 운영관리 개선을 이루고자 사례연구를 통하여 살펴 보았고, 프로젝트 운영 관리는 점진적으로 진보되고 있으며 이에 따라 대부분의 프로젝트 관리에 있어서 프로젝트의 목표와 수행 실적은 목표대비 수행 실적이 정량적인 지수로 나타나기는 하나 보다 구체적인 SLA(Service Level Agreement)를 도입하여 품질관리에 있어서 향상된 결과를 얻기 위하여 최소한의 목표보다 더욱 향상된 결과를 도출할 수 있으며 최적의 결과를 얻기 위해 선택할 수 있는 체계적인 평가기준 정립은 매우 중요하다.

  “Getting to market first” is extremely critical in this competitive business environment. The speed at which products are developed and released to market is tightly linked to profitability and market share. Many companies that have been very skeptical

The present study investigated the relationships between acculturation and English learning among Korean students at an American university. A survey was conducted with 115 students whose first language is Korean. Data was collected through an acculturation questionnaire, self perceived Korean and English proficiency questionnaire and background questionnaire. ANOVA, Post Hoc Tests, Group comparison and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The majority of students in the survey chose bicultural adaptation as their strategy for acculturation and did not lose Korean cultural identity although some of them exhibited linguistic assimilation. In the four group comparisons based on acculturation types, students in a high bicultural tendency group reported the greater level of English proficiency. The results of multiple regression showed that students’ age of arrival in the U.S, their level of American acculturation, and gender (male), were important predictors of their English proficiency. Different from the assimilation theory in second language acquisition both integration into American society and positive acceptance of Korean culture and identity seemed to be important processes for their achievement of successful English learning as well as for their successful acculturation. In conclusion, the pedagogical implication of the finding and future research were suggested.

This research examines the L2 output of young Korean ESL learners with respect to early child English grammar. From the comparison of the frequency of clause elements between L1 and L2 clause elements with respect to semantic theta roles, both language data showed that the ""agent-action-object"" structure was most prevalent. The dominant clause structures of Korean ESL language data were the SVO and the SVA structure. The frequencies of the V, the VO, and the SV structure in EFL language data were higher than those of Korean ESL utterances. The syntactic development of the Korean ESL language data was formed around the SVO and the SOA structure, whereas the EFL language data did not reveal any specific order of the development. Much more English language input should be provided to the students in natural ways for their acquisition and we should take into consideration the language difficulty and the natural development of English clause structure at the same time when developing EFL textbooks.