The present study describes Philodromus paiki sp. nov., which was previously misidentified as P. fuscomarginatus (De Geer, 1778), P. poecilus (Thorell, 1872), and P. spinitarsis Simon, 1895 in Korea, as a new species with diagnosis, detailed descriptions, and taxonomic photographs. Additionally, P. spinitarsis is also described to correct previous misidentifications of Korean records of the species.

인삼부산물 및 인삼밭 토양에서 분리한 9균주 중 β-Glucosidase 생성 균주 GYP-1과 GYP-3-3 균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 β-Glucosidase 생성 균주에 대하여 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열과 ITS 염기서열을 기반으로 계통 분석을 실시한 결과, GYP-1 균주는 Rhodotorula 속에 속하며, GYP-3-3 은 Brachybacterium 속에 속하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, Rhodotorula sp. GYP-1 균주는 호기성 효모 종으로 biomass 생산량이 높아 최종 우수 균주로 선발하였다. Rhodotorula sp. GYP-1가 생성하는 β -Glucosidase의 온도 및 pH에 따른 효소 활성 및 안정성을 검정한 결과, 30 ℃에서 6.7 unit/ml로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었고, 20 ℃ ∼ 40 ℃에서 효소 활성의 약 70 ％ 이상을 유지하는 것으로 확인하였다. pH에 따른 효소의 활성 및 안정의 경우, pH 5에서 6.8 unit/ml으로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었고 pH 5∼ pH 8까지 93.3 % 이상의 효소 활성을 유지하는 것으로 확인하였다. Rhodotorula sp. GYP-1가 생성하는 β-Glucosidase는 ginsenoside Rb1 minor 진세노사이드로 분해하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 인삼 뿌리 병원균(Botrytis cinerea)에 대해 항진균능을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다.

This study was conducted on four types of laver soup prepared using recipes from Gangwon-do (GW), Gyeongsangnamdo (GN), Jeollanam-do (JN), and the media (MD). Salinities, soluble solids, free amino acids, color values, turbidities, and pH values of soups were measured, and sensory evaluations were done. pH values were significantly higher for GW and GN recipes than the JN and MD recipes (p<0.05). The salinities of JN and MD were significantly higher than those of the other soups (p<0.05). Regarding soluble solids, JN had the highest at 2.64oBrix, whereas GW had the lowest at 0.86 °Brix (p<0.05). GW and JN had higher concentrations of valine, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid (p<0.05). JN had significantly higher redness (a) than the other soups but significantly lower lightness (L) and yellowness (b) (p<0.05). Regarding transmittance, GW had a significantly higher value (67.67%T) than the other soups. JN and MD had higher acceptability results than GW or GN in terms of flavor, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability. Sensory intensity evaluations revealed that JN and MD had higher “soy sauce aroma” and “saltiness” and a greater “broth turbidity” than the other soups. These results indicate that the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of regional laver soups differ.

Hymenobacter 속(genus)은 Bacteroidota 문(phylum), Hymenobacteraceae 과(family)의 대 표 속(type genus)이다. 이 속에 속하는 세균들은 붉은색 색소를 함유하는 그람 음성 간균으로서, 자연 계의 다양한 환경에서 분리되고 있다. 본 연구에서 붉은색 색소를 함유하는 그람 음성 간균이 경남 창 원시 소재 창원대학교 교내의 연못에서 분리되었고, 이 세균은 균주 B2로 명명되었다. 균주 B2를 계통 분석 및 생화학적으로 분석한 결과, Hymenobacter 속에 속하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 세균의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 genbank의 BLAST로 분석해 본 결과, 다른 어떠한 세균과도 16S rRNA 유전 자 염기서열의 상동성이 새로운 미생물로 인정되는 기준인 98.7%보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 균주 B2 의 지방산을 분석해 본 결과, 주된 지방산은 summed feature 3(C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c, 22.8%), iso-C15:0(16.2%), anteiso-C15:0(12.9%), C16:1ω5c(12.4%) 및 summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I/anteiso-C17:1)(9.5%)인 것으로 밝혀졌는데, 결과적으로 균주 B2의 지방산 함량은 다른 Hymenobacter 종들의 지방산 함량과 뚜렷한 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 세균의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열 은 genbank에 accession number OQ318247로 등록되었다.

Climate change is a major global problem. Oysters, one of the most representative farmed fish in Korea, are attracting attention as candidates for blue carbon, an alternative to carbon neutrality. This study is analyzed by the SSP scenarios to determine the impact of oyster aquaculture production according to climate change. Based on the analysis, future productions of oysters are predicted by the SSP scenario. Significant differences by the SSP scenario are confirmed through predictive power tests among scenarios. Regression analysis was conducted from January 2001 to December 2014. As a result of the analysis, water temperature, water temperature quadratic term, salinity, salinity quadratic term, and month × water temperature cross term were estimated as significant variables. Oyster production which is predicted by the SSP scenario based on the significant variables from 2015 to 2022 was compared with actual production. The model with the highest predictive power was selected by RMSE and MAPE criteria. The predictive power was compared with the MDM test to determine which model was superior. As a result, based on RMSE and MAPE, the SSP1-2.6 scenario was selected as the best model and the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP3-7.0 scenarios all showed the same predictive power based on the MDM test. In conculusion, this study predicted oyster aquaculture production by 2030, not the distant future, due to the short duration of the analytical model. This study was found that oyster aquaculture production increased in all scenarios and there was no significant difference in predictive power by the SSP scenario.

농업 재배지 토양으로부터 auxin 생성세균 KSD16, KSD33 그리고 KSD36를 분리하였다. 분리 균주 KSD16, KSD33 그리고 KSD36 는 16S rRNA 유전자 계통분석을 통해 Arthrobacter 속으로 분류되 었다. 이들 균주는 R2A배지에 0.1% L-tryptophan를 첨가한 배지에서 28℃, 48 시간 배양한 결과, auxin 의 일종인 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)를 204.4 mg L-1 생성하는 것으로 확인되었다. IAA 생성세균의 녹 두종자 발아에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, Arthrobacter 속 균주 KSD16, KSD33 그리고 KSD36 는 대조 군에 비해 뿌리길이와 발근수가 증가하였다. Arthrobacter 속 균주의 녹두 성장촉진 효과를 확인한 결과, 녹두의 발아율이 대조군보다 73.4 % 증가하는 특징을 나타내었다.

Microalgae are a group of photosynthetic microorganisms living in the water. They are in the spotlight as biostimulators and biofertilizers in modern renewable and sustainable agriculture system, attributed to characteristics such as photosynthetic, and metabolism of various industrial wastes and to increase production when treating crops. Scenedesmus sp. CHK0059 is also one of the microalgae with these characteristics, and it has been reported to suppress various diseases in crops and promote the health of vegetables. However, the mode of action that has a positive effect on plants is not yet well understood. This study was designed to focus on the modulation in diversity change of plant microbiota community, which was the result of the preliminary study, and to determine the direct changes in microbial members that trigger the diversity change in the Arabidopsis model system. As a result, there was no change in the phenotype of Arabidopsis and the microbiota community structure in the rhizosphere during the treatment period, but two bacteria genera, Brevibacterium and Pseudomonas, dominance in the rhizosphere was positively correlated with the CHK0059 treatments. And the bacteria had a positive network correlative relationship with 24 other bacteria. Our findings suggest that the application of microalgae was correlated with several microbiota members in the rhizosphere and was expected to affect the microbiota community structure modification in long-term treatment.

Although probiotics have been shown to improve health when consumed, recent studies have reported that they can cause unwanted side effects due to bacterial-human interactions. Therefore, the importance of prebiotics that can form beneficial microbiome in the gut has been emphasized. This study isolated and identified bacteria capable of producing biopoymer as a candidate prebiotic from traditional fermented foods. The isolated and identified strain was named WCYSK01 (Wissella sp. strain YSK01). The composition of the medium for culturing this strain was prepared by dissolving 3 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MgSO4, 0.05 g CaCl2, 0.1 g NaCl in 1 L of distilled water. The LMBP(low molecular weight biopoymers) produced when fermentation was performed with sucrose and maltose as substrates were mainly consisted of DP3 (degree of polymer; isomaltotriose), DP4 (isomaltotetraose), DP5 (isomaltopentaose), and DP6 (isomaltoheptaose). The optimization of LMBP (low molecular weight of biopolymer) production was performed using the response surface methodology. The fermentation process temperature range of 18 to 32oC, the fermentation medium pH in the range of 5.1 to 7.9. The yield of LMBP production by the strain was found to be significantly affected by q fermentation temperature and pH. The optimal fermentation conditions were found at the normal point, and the production yield was more than 75% at pH 7.5 and temperature of 23oC.

Flavobacterium 속(genus)은 Bacteriodetes 문(phylum), Flavobacteriaceae 과(family)의 대표 속(type genus)으로서, 이 속의 세균들은 황색 색소를 함유하는 그람 음성 간균이다. 이 속 세균들은 자 연계의 다양한 환경에서 분리되고 있다. 황색색소를 함유하는 그람음성 간균이 경남 창원시 소재 창원대 학교 교내의 연못에서 분리되었고, 이 세균은 균주 B1으로 명명되었다. 균주 B1을 생리학적, 생화학적 및 계통분석학적으로 분석한 결과, Flavobacterium 속에 속하는 것으로 결론지어졌다. 이 세균의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 BLAST로 분석해 본 결과, 다른 어떠한 세균과도 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서 열의 상동성이 99.0%를 넘지 않았다. 균주 B1의 주된 지방산은 iso-C15:0(19.6%), summed feature 3(C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c, 16.1%), iso-C17:0 3OH(10.2%), iso-C15:0 3OH(8.4%) 및 iso-C15:1 G(6.6%)인 것으로 밝혀졌는데, 이는 다른 Flavobacterium 종들의 지방산 함량과 확연한 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 세균의 16S rDNA 염기서열은 genbank에 accession number OP060681로 등록 되었다.

Grapevine leaf rust (GLR) caused by Phakopsora euvitis results in the reduction of fruit quality and yield loss in grape production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of genes related with defense responses in the grapevines infected with rust pathogens. In two genotypes of Ampelopsis species inoculated with P. euvitis, the real-time PCR with RNAs was performed to investigate transcripts levels of nine defense-related genes, including pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), β-1,3glutannase (Glu), chitinase (Chi), superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), stilbene synthase 1 (STS1), and resveratrol O-methyltransferase (ROMT). All tested genes were upregulated in YG11030 as well as YG10075, while mostly the expression of genes was higher in YG10075 than that in YG11030. Glu and STS showed significantly high expression in YG10075 than in YG11030. Expression of ROMT was upregulated in YG11030 and downregulated in YG10075 at 24 hours after inoculation. The differential expression pattern of the tested genes seems to be related with the defense responses, considered to be involved in plant-resistant responses against the infection by P. euvitis, and further studies on resistant responses based on the expression of genes would provide valuable information in breeding grapes resistant to diseases.