The rack cylinder is an important part of the pile leg structure of the jack up platform. Because of its complex structure, the flow field around the rack cylinder is different from that around the ordinary cylinder, which brings difficulties to the research of the rack cylinder. In this paper, using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) solved the flow field of chords with different rack height and rack width under different KC and Re, the characteristics of the flow field around the cylinder with rack are obtained. The results show that Re, KC, rack height and rack width all have different effects on the flow field. When Re and KC are constant, Cd will increase with the increase of rack height ratio, the change of Cd and Cl is not significant, while the change of Cd and Cl varies with Re when the chord structure is fixed.

Equipment used for ships operating in the polar regions, such as icebreakers, should consider countermeasures against freezing. This study performed a structural design that prevents freezing and tolerates thermal stress and wind pressure of the air vent louver heating blades. As boundary conditions for performing the analysis, analysis was performed when the flow rates at the inlet end were 10m/s, 20m/s 30m/s, 40m/s, and 50m/s. As a result of the analysis, if the CNT heating element can maintain the heating performance of 200°C, the blade can maintain the room temperature state except for the end of about 40mm. There are pressure drop between the front and rear of the air vent louver. It can be seen that the allowable wind speed varies depending on the design criteria. As a results, it is required to select an optimal heating temperature to prevent condensation of a blade, optimize the generation of compressive stress by thermal expansion, and trade off the wind pressure and thermal stress according to wind speed.

Discontinuum-based numerical methods can contain the multiple discontinuities in a model and reflect the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of discontinuities. Therefore, discontinuum methods can be appropriate to simulate the model which require the detailed analysis of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in fractured rock such as geothermal energy, CO2 geo-sequestration, and geological repository of the high-level radioactive waste. TOUGH-3DEC, the three-dimensional discontinuum simulators for the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis, was developed by linking the integral finite difference method TOUGH2 and the explicit distinct element method 3DEC to describe the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in both porous media and discontinuity. TOUGH2 handles thermo-hydraulic analysis by the internal simulation module, and 3DEC performs mechanical study based on the constitutive models of porous media and discontinuity with coupling the thermal and hydraulic response from TOUGH2. The thermal and hydraulic couplings are the key processes and should be carefully verified by sufficient cases, so this study performed the thermomechanical and hydro-mechanical simulations which are modelling the analytic solutions including the uniaxial consolidation, fracture static opening, and the heating of a hollow cylinder problems. Each thermo-mechanical and hydro-mechanical verification case is also validated by comparing with the results of the other continuum and discontinuum-based numerical methods. TOUGH-3DEC results follow the analytic solutions and show better accuracy than the continuum-based numerical methods in the static fracture opening problem. The developed TOUGH-3DEC simulator can be expanded to coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical analysis in fractured rock mass, and the simulator needs to be verified by more complicated coupled processes problems which require in the chemical coupling.

Through constructing statistical fracture network model based on discrete element method, the evolution characteristics of the fracture aperture had been directly simulated and evaluated caused by redistributed stress after the borehole excavation. This study focuses on the size effect of the discrete element method for the analysis of the effective distance of fracture aperture change after the borehole excavation. A two-dimensional trace-type domain with a maximum size of 1.1 m2 was created using a discrete fracture network with stochastic information of KURT. A total of eight domains with different sizes were constructed from the largest domain area to the 0.4 m2 analysis area. The aperture change ratio which can be depending on the domain size was examined. The ratio was investigated by comparing the aperture size before and after the simulation of borehole excavation. In addition, the effective range of aperture changes was analyzed by comparing the re-distribution distance from the center of the borehole. Based on dimensional analysis, input variables (borehole radius, occurrence distance of aperture changes, domain size) were modeled using exponential distribution form. Through the analysis model, two dimensionless variables were derived to investigate the expected distance of the aperture changes and appropriate DFN domain size for simulating bole excavation. As an application example of the 3-inch borehole simulation, the analysis model predicted that the range of aperture changes could occur within a radius of about 0.98 m from the borehole center, and the suitable size of the model had been inferred as about 5 × 5 m for minimizing the domain size effect.

The Al-Zour coastal area, located in southern Kuwait, is a region of concentrated industrial water use, seawater intake, and the outfall of existing power plants. The Al-Zour LNG import facility project is ongoing and there are two issues regarding the seawater temperature in this area that must be considered: variations in water temperature under local meteorology and an increase in water temperature due to the expansion of the thermal discharge of expanded power plant. MIKE 3 model was applied to simulate the water temperature from June to July, based on re-analysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the thermal discharge input from adjacent power plants. The annual water temperatures of two candidate locations of the seawater intake for the Al-Zour LNG re-gasification facility were measured in 2017 and compared to the numerical results. It was determined that the daily seawater temperature is mainly affected by thermal plume dispersion oscillating with the phase of the tidal currents. The regional meteorological conditions such as air temperature and tidal currents, also contributed a great deal to the prediction of seawater temperature.

This study investigates the enhancement of the oxygen diffusion rate in the cathode channel of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by pure oscillating flow, which is the same as the mechanism of human breathe. Three-dimensional numerical simulation, which has the full model of the fuel cell including electrochemical reaction, ion and electronic conduction, mass transfer and thermal variation and so on, is performed to show the phenomena in the channel at the case of a steady state. This model could analysis the oscillating flow as a moving mesh calculation coupled with electrochemical reaction on the catalyst layer, however, it needs a lot of calculation time for each case. The two dimensional numerical simulation has carried on for the study of oscillating flow effect in the cathode channel of PEMFC in order to reduce the calculation time. This study shows the diffusion rate of the oxygen increased and the emission rate of the water vapor increased in the channel by oscillating flow without any forced flow.

이 연구의 목적은 강남 선정릉지역에서 전산유체역학모델(CFD)을 사용하여 도시지역의 흐름 및 열 환경 모의를 검증하는 것이고, CFD 모델의 모의결과와 선정릉 지역의 관측 자료와 비교하는 것이다. CFD 모델은 국립기상과학원과 서울대가 공동으로 연구 개발된 모델이다. CFD_NIMR_SNU 모델은 기상청 현업 모델인 국지예보모델(LDAPS)의 바람성분과 온도성분을 초기 및 경계조건으로 적용되었고 수목효과와 지표 온도를 고려하여 2015년 8월 4일에서 6일까지 강남 선정릉 지역을 대상으로 수치실험을 진행하였다. 선정릉지역에서 수목효과 적용 전후의 풍속을 비교하였을 때 평균 제곱근 오차(RMSE)는 각각 1.06, 0.62 m s−1로 나타났고 수목효과 적용으로 풍속 모의정확도가 향상되었다. 기온은 LDAPS 과소 모의하는 경향을 나타내고 CFD_NIMR_SNU 모델에 의해 향상된 것을 확인하였다. CFD_NIMR_SNU 모델을 이용하여 복잡한 도시지역의 흐름과 열 환경을 자세하고 정밀한 분석이 가능하며, 도시 환경 및 계획에 대한 정보를 제공 할 수 있을 것이다.

역전기투석전지는 염수-기수의 농도차이를 원동력으로 이온교환막의 선택성에 의해 양이온과 음이온을 서로 반대방향으로 이동시켜 전력을 생산한다. 이상적인 이온교환막의 경우 35 g/L과 0.5 g/L 농도의 염수와 기수를 흘려 보냈을 때, 약 0.1 V의 전압 출력을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 역전기투석 스택전지의 출력특성에 영향을 주는 인자로서 막저항, 염수와 기수의 전기전도도, 막 이동수, 막 면적, 유로 두께 및 메쉬의 개방면적비, 스택수 등을 고려하여 수치모사를 수행하였다. 스택전지 내 유로에서 발생하는 누설전류 및 내부저항을 고려한 등 가회로모델을 수립하였고, 상용 이온교환막으로 제작된 스택전지 실험결과로부터 개방전압, 단락전류밀도, 최대전력밀도와 같은 중요 전지특성에 대하여 수치 모사의 정합성을 확인하였다.

아소 화산은 일본 규슈 중앙부에 위치하며, 세계에서 가장 큰 칼데라 화산중의 하나이다. 나카다케 분화구는 아 소 칼데라의 중앙 화구군에서 유일한 활동적인 화산체이다. 2016년 10월 8일 아소 산에서 36년 만에 폭발적인 분화가 발생하였으며, 분연주가 11 km 상공까지 상승하였고 화산재는 최대 300 km 떨어진 지역에서도 확인되었다. 본 연구에 서는 미국 USGS에서 개발한 Ash3D모델을 이용하여 2016년 10월 8일의 분화에서 발생한 화산재의 확산과 침적에 대 한 수치모의를 실시하였다. 수치모의 결과 분화에 의해 발생한 화산재는 아소 칼데라 화산의 동쪽과 북동쪽으로 확산되 어 우리나라에는 피해를 주지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 동북동 방향으로 최대 400 km 이상 먼 곳까지 침적되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 수치모의 결과는 관측 확인된 화산재 침적 결과와 대체로 일치하였다. 빠른 화산재 재해 예보를 위하여 Ash3D를 이용한 수치모의가 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것이다.

To estimate pollution sources in the watershed with various industries, the simulation of contamination route and distribution of 2-methyl-4,6-dinitriophenol(DNOC) were performed with a numerical model Hydro Geo Sphere. This study was performed calculations of the load using the measured concentration and simulated flow rate. And, the river was divided by the sampling sites at the mainstream, and the contribution rate at downstream sampling sites was calculated for each section. The results showed the concentration of the downstream sampling sites were decided by the concentration of upstream sites, and the contribution rates of the tributaries were calculated below 10%. The results also showed that the impact of the potential sources in Section 1(Geumho1 ~ Geumho2) and Section 5(Geumho5 ~ Geumho6) was larger than in the other area. In Section1 and Section5, It seemed to require detailed investigation.

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is applied to study the behavior of liquid droplet inside a PEMFC gas channel. To validate the fluid-fluid interaction model, the relationship between the pressure jump across the interface and the bubble radius is investigated for a static bubble to confirm the Laplace’s law. To evaluate the fluid-solid interaction model, static contact angle is calculated by changing the interaction parameter. Also, a constant gravitational force is applied to study the temporal evolution of liquid droplet placed on the bottom wall in a three dimensional periodic channel.

The wind field and precipitable water vapor over the Tibetan Plateau are analyzed using the numerical model WRF. The spatial and vertical distributions of the relevant meteorological factors are summarized, providing evidence for selecting and further evaluating an astronomical site. This study serves as a further demonstration towards astro-climate regionalization, and provides us with an essential database for an astronomical site survey over the Tibetan Plateau.

In order to research the wave characteristics in Suyeong bay on typhoon in 2011, this study was carried out observation of wave on typhoon "Ma-on",calculation of wave characteristics using STWAVE and comparison with significant wave heights between observ

한국 남해동부해역에서 해양쓰레기의 이동을 파악하고자 수치모델(POM)을 실시하였다. 연구해역의 대·소조기 창조시에의 조류는 서향류 성분이 우세하였고,낙조시에는 동향류의 성분이 우세하였다. 동계의 잔차류는 표·중·저층에서 대마도의 동수도와 서수도를 따라 동북향 하는 흐름이 우세하였으며, 이와 같은 현상은 쓰시마 난류와 유사한 흐름을 나타냈다. 또한 이 지역은 수심의 영향을 받아 대마도의 서쪽과 북서쪽 및 북쪽에 와류가 형성되었다.

진해만을 대상으로 3차원 생태계 모델(EMT-3D)을 사용하여 PAHs 거동예측에 대한 적용성을 검토하였다. 계산치와 실측치를 비교한 결과, 모델의 재현성은 비교적 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 민감도 분석을 시행하여 영향인자를 파악한 결과, 용존 PAHs의 경우 광분해 계수의 영향이, 입자성 유기물질 내 PAHs의 경우는 입자성 유기탄소에 대한 분배계수의 영향이 중요한 요소였다. 식물플랑크톤 체내의 PAHs의 경우, 생물농축계수의 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 하천, 대기와 하천 및 대기의 오염부하에 대하여 저감에 따른 응답성 평가를 시행하였다.