The esterase isozyme in tissue of wild legume plants were separated by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Extracts used in this study were prepared from fully expanded young leaf, cotyledon and radicle of seedling and root-nodule of Glycine sola, Vign

본 실험은 장기간의 알코올 섭취가 수종의 무기질 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 랫트를 공시하여 4% 및 25% 알코올을 28일간 자유 섭취시킨 후 간, 신장, 근육 및 피모내의 Zn, Ca, Cu 및 Mg의 함량을 원자흡광분광광도법으로 측정하여 보았다. 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Zn 함량은 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한 (P<0.01) 감소를 나타내었으며 피모에 있어서는 4% 투여군에서 유의한(p<0.10) 증가를 나타내었다. 2. Ca 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 간, 신장 및 근육에서 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았으나 4% 투여군의 피모에서는 유의한(p<0.10) 증가를 나타내었다. 3. Cu 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한(P<0.05) 감소를 나타내었다. 4. Mg 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한(P<0.10, P<0.05) 감소를 나타내었다.

parathion을 rat의 복강내에 매 3일 마다 20회 반복적으로 주사 했을때, 일정한 농도의 parathion을 주사한 rat와 점진적으로 주사량을 증가 시켰을때 rat의 독성정도, 혈액 및 신경조직내 cholinesterase 활성 변화, 혈액내 urea nitrogen 및 creatinine의 함량을 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 복강내 주사시 rat에 대한 parathion의 는 10.5mg/kg였으며 95% 신뢰한계는 6.6~16.8mg/kg였다. 아급성 독성실험에서는 A군이 50%의 폐사율을 보인데 비하여 B군과 C군에서 각각 57% 및 83%의 폐사율을 보여 parathion에 대한 축적효과가 나타났으며 증체량 측정에서도 A군에서 123 g의 증체량을 보인데 비하여 B군과 C군에서 각각 60.7 g, 및 88.4 g 의 증체량을 보여 parathion 투여군에서 체중 증가량이 감소하였다. 혈장내 cholinesterase 활성도는 A군()에 비해 B군()과 C군()에서 각각 19%, 및 38%의 억제를 보였고 AA군(), BB군() 및 CC군()에서도 A군에 비해 각각 47%, 55%, 71%까지 유의성(P<.05)있는 감소를 보였다. 척수내 cholinesterase 활성도는 A군(2.484U/g)에 비해 B군(1.87U/g)과 C군(1.29U/g)에서 각각 25%, 및 48%의 억제를 보였고 AA군(1.27U/g), BB군(0.71U/g) 및 CC군(0.25U/g)에서도 A군에 비하여 각각 49%, 71%, 및 90%의 유의성(P<.01)있는 억제를 보였다. 뇌의 cholinesterase 활성도에서는 A군(4.67U/g)에 비해 B군(2.52U/g)과 C군(1.32U1U/g)에서 각각 46%, 및 72%로 억제 되었고 AA군(2.48U/g), BB군(1.08U/g) 및 CC군(0.51U/g)에서는 A군에 비해 각각 47%, 77%, 89%까지 유의성(P<.01)있게 억제되는 축적효과를 보였다. 비단백 질소 화합물이 urea nitrogen과 creatinine 함량은 A군에서 각각 와 인데 비하여 B군(, ) 및 C군(, )에서 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 urea nitrogen 함량은 A군에 비해 B군과 C군에서 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

This experiment is carried out to study alteration of phospholipid compoent in liver, kidney, testis, and brain tissues of male rats which are fed selenium added high fat diets for 7 weeks. The phospholipids of these tissues are analyzed by TLC method. The results are as follows. 1. The growth rate and food intake levels are not affected by selenium-added high fat diets. 2. The levels of total cholesterol, total lipid and TBA are lower in selenium-added diets than selenium free diets 3. The total phospholipid levels of each tissue are kidney > brain > testis > liver and the levels of phospholipid component are Le>Sph>Ce>LLe for kidney and liver, Le>Sph>LLe>Ce for testis and brain.

The purpose of this study was to probe the influences of krill (Euphausia superba) meal with NaF oral administration on a dose-effect relationship between fluoride levels of krill meal and serum enzyme activity such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. There were no significant decreases in the activities of ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH in sera among krill meal diet groups (KF10, KF20, KF30). However, these groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower enzyme activities than normal diet (ND) plus NaF 10 mg group (NF). The fluoride levels of serum and organ tissues (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney) in NaF 10 mg groups (NF, KF10, KF20, KF30) were significantly increased by adding krill meal in comparison with normal diet group. The results indicate that a difficult to found toxicity to the tissues from krill meal diet groups.

Background : Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a precious herb plant belonging to Araliaceae family especially in Asia and it has been cultivated more than a thousand years as a traditional medicine. Due to their pharmacological efficacy, old ginseng plants are traded high price, however, there are no crucial criteria to determine the ginseng age. To prevent illegal transactions, we assessed the telomere of ginseng roots based on modifications of the assays reported previously. Methods and Results : It is known that telomere length of ginseng root is shorter upon organismal aging. In this study, to support the determination of ginseng age, we modified and investigated methods through telomere analysis. Firstly, we examined the southern blot analysis whether telomere length depends on ginseng age. Based on previous study, we measured telomerase activity that is correlate with age. Furthermore, telomeric DNA was quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to corroborate telomere shortening. The older ginseng root was shown short telomere length to compare with younger ginseng roots. Also enzyme activity of telomerase and amount of telomeric DNA represented decrease patterns upon age. Conclusion : Taken together, it is help to determine the age of ginseng through various methods using telomere because the results shown to positive correlation between telomeric characteristics and age for ginseng.

Adipose tissue is one of the major endocrine gland. More recently, local production of steroids in adipocytes differentiated from mouse 3T3-L1 cell-line was reported. We hypothesized that rat adipocytes have steroidogenic machinery and the expression patterns of the components might be differentially regulated, depending on the distribution and sex. To verify this hypothesis, we collected the adipose tissues depot- and sex-specifically at postnatal day (PND) 30, and performed quantitative RT-PCRs. In overall aspects, the abundances of the transcripts were lower in the brown adipose of both sexes. 3β-HSD transcript levels in female abdominal and reproductive adipose, CYP17 transcript levels in female reproductive adipose, 17β-HSD transcript levels in female abdominal and reproductive adipose, and CYP19 transcript levels in female abdominal adipose were significantly lower than those of male counterparts. Similar to steroidogenic factors, the abundance of the ER-α transcripts were generally lower in the brown adipose of both sexes. ER-β transcripts were more abundant in male white adipose depots than their female counterparts. The levels of LHR transcripts in female reproductive adipose were significantly higher than those of male counterpart. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the expressions of steroidogenesis-related genes were depot- and sex-specifically occurred in the immature male and female rat adipose tissues. Our study suggested that the adipose tissues are not only targets but de novo synthesizing sites of sex steroid(s), though the synthesizing activities could be much less than in gonads. Further researches in this field will be helpful for understanding the adipose physiology and for medical application such as sex-specific steroid supplement therapies for older populations.

본 연구는 갈대의 이용 가치성을 높이고자 수행하였으며, 갈대 부위와 증자 처리에 의한 이화학적 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 이에 따른 결과는 아래와 같다. 수분은 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리 시료 모두 어린순이 뿌리 보다 높았다. 조회분은 무증자처리 시료에서는 어린순이 증자처리 시료에서는 뿌리가 높은 함량을 보였고, 조단백질 함량은 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리시료 모두 어린순이 뿌리 보다 높았다. 조지방은 무증자처리 시료에서 어린순과 뿌리의 함량이 0.67%이었으나, 증자처리 시료에서 어린순이 뿌리보다 비교적 높은 함량을 보였고, 조섬유 함량은 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리 시료 모두 어린순이 뿌리 보다 높았다. 가용성무질소물은 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리 시료 모두 뿌리가 어린순에 비해 2배 이상 높은 함량을 보였다. 유리당 총 함량은 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리 시료 모두 뿌리가 어린순 보다 높은 함량을 보였으며, 유기산 또한 유리당과 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 무기성분은 어린순과 뿌리 모두 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리 시료 모두 Ca과 K의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 갈대의 총 유리아미노산은 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리 시료 모두 어린순이 뿌리보다 높았으며, 이 중 serine이 주요 아미노산으로 나타났다. vitamin C 함량은 무증자처리 시료에서 어린순이 61.74 mg%로 뿌리의 4.54 mg% 보다 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 증자처리 시료에서는 함량이 감소하였으나 어린순이 뿌리보다 높은 함량을 보였다. Total polyphenol 함량은 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리 시료 모두 어린순이 높은 함량을 보였다. DPPH free radical scavenging activity은 무증자처리 시료와 증자처리 시료를 비교 할 때 크게 차이는 나지 않았으나, 뿌리가 어린순에 비해 높은 활성을 보였다.

This study was carried out to have the basic and applied informations relating to develop the cultivation methods and to increase the productivity and quality of ginseng. 1 to 6 year old ginsengs of Jakyung cultivar were cultivated and the content and synthetic amount of carbohydrates were investigated with different plant tissues, growth stages, and years old. The concentration of total carbohydrates at six year old ginseng including water soluble and water insoluble carbohydrates was about 18.9%, 42.9%, and 43,6% in leaves, tap roots, and lateral roots, respectively. Water soluble carbohydrate of tap and lateral roots was slightly decreased from August until September, and then increased on November, whereas its water insoluble carbohydrate was increased from August to September and then decreased on November. Comparing with the content of carbohydrates of 1 to 6 year old ginsengs, it was continuously increased from one year old ginseng until five year old ginseng, however it was not increased much in six year old ginseng. The highest content of carbohydrates was at five year-old in all tissues of ginseng. Water soluble and water insoluble carbohydrates were significantly shown different in leaves, stems, tap roots, and lateral root at different growth stages and with different years old. The content of water soluble carbohydrate in the leaves was remarkedly higher compared to that of water insoluble carbohydrate, while in the root the content of water insoluble carbohydrate was clearly higher compared to the water soluble carbohydrate. Comparing with the synthetic amount of carbohydrates, water soluble carbohydrates was higher in the shoot than that in the root, whereas water-insoluble carbohydrates higher in the root than that in the shoot. Carbohydrates which would be utilized in ginseng tissues for short and long-term periods as major energy were appeared differently in between shoot and root, with different growth stages, and years old.

Proline (Pro) accumulation is a common physiological reaction in response to abiotic stresses in many plants. Accumulation of Pro is believed to play the important role in protecting cellular components from dehydrating effects due to such stresses. The study was performed to investigate the relationship between cold hardiness and Pro content or expression of related genes in peach cultivars during a constant experimental deacclimation. Changes in cold hardiness were determined using electrolyte leakage method in the shoots of 10 peach cultivars (Prunus persica ‘Aikawanakajima’, ‘Chiyomaru’, ‘Daewol’, ‘Janghowon Hwangdo’, ‘Kiraranokiwami’, ‘Mihong’, ‘Misshong’, ‘Soomee’, ‘Suhong’, and ‘Sun Gold’). Pro content was analyzed using the ninhydrin method and related gene expressions were examined using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. While cold hardiness of 10 peach cultivars decreased, Pro contents of those increased during the deacclimation. Notably, at the same time, expression of P5CS (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylatesynthase) decreased in 10 peach cultivars, whereas expressions of P5CR (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylatereductase) and OAT (ornithine-δ-aminotransferase) increased. Our results demonstrate that Pro responds positively to higher temperature in the shoots of 10 peach cultivars and expression of both P5CS and P5CR genes could show contrasting patterns during the deacclimation. Furthermore, our results suggest that ornithine pathway, which has been suggested to be important during seedling development, could serve as an alternative pathway in Pro synthesis process during the deacclimation in peach.