An Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm(ACO) is one of the frequently used algorithms to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem(TSP). Since the ACO searches for the optimal value by updating the pheromone, it is difficult to consider the distance between the nodes and other variables other than the amount of the pheromone. In this study, fuzzy logic is added to ACO, which can help in making decision with multiple variables. The improved algorithm improves computation complexity and increases computation time when other variables besides distance and pheromone are added. Therefore, using the algorithm improved by the fuzzy logic, it is possible to solve TSP with many variables accurately and quickly. Existing ACO have been applied only to pheromone as a criterion for decision making, and other variables are excluded. However, when applying the fuzzy logic, it is possible to apply the algorithm to various situations because it is easy to judge which way is safe and fast by not only searching for the road but also adding other variables such as accident risk and road congestion. Adding a variable to an existing algorithm, it takes a long time to calculate each corresponding variable. However, when the improved algorithm is used, the result of calculating the fuzzy logic reduces the computation time to obtain the optimum value.

This study examines the influence of self-identity on sustainable consumer behavior in the context of air traveling and the moderating effect of advertisement addressing these identities. Drawing on the flyers’ dilemma, the identity-based motivation theory and cognitive dissonance theory hypotheses are tested by the means of a scenario-based online experiment.

It is one of the known methods to obtain the optimal solution using the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), which is a combination optimization problem. In this paper, we solve the TSP problem by proposing an improved new ant colony optimization algorithm that combines genetic algorithm mutations in existing ant colony optimization algorithms to solve TSP problems in many cities. The new ant colony optimization algorithm provides the opportunity to move easily fall on the issue of developing local optimum values of the existing ant colony optimization algorithm to global optimum value through a new path through mutation. The new path will update the pheromone through an ant colony optimization algorithm. The renewed new pheromone serves to derive the global optimal value from what could have fallen to the local optimal value. Experimental results show that the existing algorithms and the new algorithms are superior to those of existing algorithms in the search for optimum values of newly improved algorithms.

Numerous studies have explored the influence of Airbnb on the tourism and hospitality industry. However, relatively few studies have focused on customer engagement. Considering its crucial role of boosting customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions (Harrigan, Evers, Miles, & Daly, 2017; So, King, Sparks, & Wang, 2016), there is a great need for research into Airbnb in terms of customer engagement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate customer engagement, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions among Airbnb users. This study recruited a total of 374 US Airbnb users through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), which has been increasingly adopted to collect samples in tourism and hospitality studies. Data analysis for structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to determine the effects of customer engagement on satisfaction and behavioral intentions of Airbnb users. The results show that customer engagement plays a crucial role in Airbnb user experiences. This study contributes to tourism and hospitality research by applying a customer engagement scale previously developed by So et al. (2016) to examine the relationship between customer engagement and behavioral intention to use Airbnb. In addition to this relationship, satisfaction was included as a mediator to better grasp the importance of customer engagement and the role of satisfaction among U.S. Airbnb users. This research also extends the current literature of Airbnb by examining, through an empirical approach, how customer engagement with Airbnb impacts its users’ behavioral intentions.

Distributed genetic algorithm (DGA), also known as island model or coarse-grained model, is a kind of parallel genetic algorithm, in which a population is partitioned into several sub-populations and each of them evolves with its own genetic operators to maintain diversity of individuals. It is known that DGA is superior to conventional genetic algorithm with a single population in terms of solution quality and computation time. Several researches have been conducted to evaluate effects of parameters on GAs, but there is no research work yet that deals with structure of DGA. In this study, we tried to evaluate performance of various genetic algorithms (GAs) for the famous symmetric traveling salesman problems. The considered GAs include a conventional serial GA (SGA) with IGX (Improved Greedy Crossover) and several DGAs with various combinations of crossover operators such as OX (Order Crossover), DPX (Distance Preserving Crossover), GX (Greedy Crossover), and IGX. Two distinct immigration policies, conventional noncompetitive policy and newly proposed competitive policy are also considered. To compare performance of GAs clearly, a series of analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted for several scenarios. The experimental results and ANOVAs show that DGAs outperform SGA in terms of computation time, while the solution quality is statistically the same. The most effective crossover operators are revealed as IGX and DPX, especially IGX is outstanding to improve solution quality regardless of type of GAs. In the perspective of immigration policy, the proposed competitive policy is slightly superior to the conventional policy when the problem size is large.

This study is intended to secure seolge and structural strength of the suspension as necessary amphibious boat amphibious facilitate a possible amphibious boat 7m parenting class. Developed a technique for mounting a three-wheel drive track traveling device to medium-sized vessels, and the control device in order to improve the efficiency of the safety and operation of this device, the braking device of the land driving, the steering apparatus and the linear adapted to install the device development and installation of the wheels on the bottom, leaving space travel wheel award during lift pockets (wheel pocket) analyzed the impact of the ship resistance and stability, and tried to improve the problem.

Research on medical tourism (MT) has focused more attention on the growing supply side of the market than the demand side (Gan & Frederick, 2013). There is a need therefore for more research to better understand the demand aspects of this growing industry. Most of the research on MT consumers focuses on two main factors for deciding to travel abroad for medical care: cost and quality of the service (Gan & Frederick, 2013; Lunt et al., 2011). Since both outcome and process healthcare service quality (SQ) remain a concern for medical tourists (Gan & Frederick, 2013; Lunt et al., 2011), it is important to understand medical tourists’ perceptions of their international patient experience. This study aims to investigate this topic, and address the demand side research gap, by content analyzing the online testimonials of medical tourists, who traveled to Thailand for medical care, through a SQ lens. By doing so, this research strives to provide a first-person perspective of Thailand’s MT SQ. No other studies in the MT literature have been identified that used this approach to investigate MT SQ.

In the real world, most of biological systems that follow Markov process have internal states which are unobservable, so called hidden states. However, although the states could not be directly observed, events emitted under any hidden states would often be observable. It infers that a lot of biological systems might be simulated by hidden Markov model (HMM). To date, many studies tried to apply the HMM for monitoring and describing of animal behaviors. In this study, we attempted to build a HMM that emulates the traveling behavior of subterranean termites in the artificial tunnels with varying width and curvature, based on the empirical data obtained from our previous study that explored the relationship between subterranean termite's movement efficiency and the geometric pattern of their tunnels.

Traveling salesman problem is to minimize the total cost for a traveling salesman who wants to make a tour given finite number of cities along with the cost of travel between each pair them, visiting each cities exactly once before returning home. Traveling salesman problem is known to be NP-hard, and it needs a lot of computing time to get the optimal solution, so that heuristics are more frequently developed than optimal algorithms. This study suggests a hybrid parallel genetic algorithm(HPGA) for traveling salesman problem The suggested algorithm combines parallel genetic algorithm, nearest neighbor search, and 2-opt. The suggested algorithm has been tested on 7 problems in TSPLIB and compared the results of existing methods(heuristics, meta-heuristics, hybrid, and parallel). Experimental results shows that HPGA could obtain good solution in total travel distance minimization.

본 연구에서는 강풍시 차량의 주행안정성을 확보하기 위하여 분출형 방풍벽을 고안하였으며 풍동실험을 통하여 그 유효성을 검증하였다. 풍동실험에서는 4종류의 분출형 방풍벽과 기존의 다공형 수직방풍벽 2종류에 대해서 간이차량모형의 표면압을 측정하였으며 방풍벽으로부터 차량의 이격거리 및 성토부의 유무에 따라 방풍벽의 성능을 고찰하였다. 실험결과, 본 연구에서 고안된 분출형 방풍벽은 충실율 25%~50% 사이의 수직방풍벽과 동등한 방풍효과를 가지는 것을 확인하였으며 운전자의 시야확보에 유리하며 교량구조물에 적용시에는 기존의 방풍벽에 비하여 수풍면적이 감소하여 공기력을 저감시킬 수 있는 신개념의 방풍시설이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The Probabilistic Traveling Salesman Problem (PTSP) is an important topic in the study of traveling salesman problem and stochastic routing problem. The goal of PTSP is to find a priori tour visiting all customers with a minimum expected length, which sim

The Probabilistic Traveling Salesman Problem (PTSP) is an important topic in the study of traveling salesman problem and stochastic routing problem. The goal of PTSP is to find a priori tour visiting all customers with a minimum expected length, which simply skips customers not requiring a visit in the tour. There are many existing researches for the homogeneous version of the problem, where all customers have an identical visiting probability. Otherwise, the researches for the heterogeneous version of the problem are insufficient and most of them have focused on search base algorithms. In this paper, we propose a simple construction algorithm to solve the heterogeneous PTSP. The Minimum Expected Length Insertion (MELI) algorithm is a construction algorithm and consists of processes to decide a sequence of visiting customers by inserting the one, with the minimum expected length between two customers already in the sequence. Compared with optimal solutions, the MELI algorithm generates better solutions when the average probability is low and the customers have different visiting probabilities. We also suggest a local search method which improves the initial solution generated by the MELI algorithm.

확률적 외판원 문제(Probability Traveling Salesman Problem)는 일반적인 외판원 문제 (Traveling Salesman Problem)와 확률적 경로(Stochastic Routing) 문제에서 중요한 연구 분야 이다. 확률적 외판원 문제의 목적은 모든 고객을 방문하는 평균 거리가 최소가 되는 선험적 경로(priori tour)를 찾는 것이며, 경로에서 고객이 방문을 요구하지 않을 경우 다음 고객으로 방문을 하게 된다. 확률적 외판원 문제는 고객을 방문하는 확률에 따라 확률이 동일한 (homogeneous) 문제와 동일하지 않은 (heterogeneous) 이종 확률 문제로 분류되며, 대부분의 이종 확률 문제를 위한 연구는 탐색(search)기반 알고리듬을 고려하고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안된 최소 평균 거리 삽입 알고리듬은 탐색기반이 아닌 간단한 구성(construction) 알고리즘으로서 고객을 방문하는 순서를 결정하는 과정에서 이미 결정된 두 고객 사이에 평균거리(expected length)가 가장 작은 고객을 선택, 삽입하여 선험적 경로를 구한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 고객 방문 확률이 동일하지 않고 평균 확률이 낮은 경우 최적해에 근접한 해를 도출함이 실험을 통하여 관찰되었다.

본 연구에서는 교량을 통과하는 차량의 주행안정성확보를 위하여 기존의 강성방호책 상면에 부착 가능한 방풍펜스를 고안하여 풍동실험을 통하여 그 유효성을 검증하였다. 실험결과로서, 경사판을 경사도 1:0.5로 하향으로 설치한 방풍펜스 F3(-)가 1차로에서 가장 효과적이며 영각 0o 및 5o에서 50%이상의 횡력 및 전도모멘트의 감소효과가 있었으며 -5o에서는 20%내외의 감소효과가 있었다. 2차로에서는 경사도 1:0.5로 상향으로 설치한 F3(+)가 F3(-)에 비하여 풍력 저감효과가 더 크게 나타났으나, 차량에 작용하는 풍력은 풍하측으로 갈수록 그 크기가 감소하는 면에서 볼 때, 방풍펜스 F3(-)를 대안으로 제시 한다.

이 논문은 조선후기 산수 유람의 실태와 그 문화적 양태 가운데 지리산 유람이 보이는 특성을 살피는 데 목적이 있다. 특히 유람환경에서 변화가 보이던 18세기 후반 지리산 유람의 양상에 주목하였다. 18세기는 조선후기의 사회경제적 변화에 따라 유람의 성격과 환경에 있어서도 그 전과 다른 현상들이 발견되는 시기이다. 유람문화가 크게 유행하면서 유람가라고 지칭될 수 있는 인물들이 등장하였으며 관련 문예도 풍부하게 창작되었다. 또한 유람주체들의 계층과 성격도 다양화되고 원거리, 장기간 여행이 늘어났다. 이와 더불어 화폐를 소지하고 주점을 이용하는 여행환경의 변화도 일어났다. 이러한 시대적 변화 속에서 영남지역의 사족들은 자신들의 역사와 전통을 보유한 지역내 명승 유람에 더욱 몰두하는 현상을 보였고 지리산은 그 대표적 유람지였다. 이는 영남지역의 사족이 처했던 정치적 상황과 지역의 전통적 문화특성이 큰 영향을 끼쳤던 것으로 보인다. 특히 조선후기 지리산 유람기의 작성자는 대부분 근방의 처사들이었다. 이들 유람에서 보이는 특성 중 하나는 집단적이며 장기적 여행이 이루어진 점이다. 지리산 유람이 이 지방사족들의 집단적 遊樂로서 기능하면서 그들의 사회적 연망을 재확인하고 확대하며 결속을 높이는 계기가 되었음을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 이들이 유람을 하면서 酒店을 이용하는 장면이 전보다 자주 등장하는 점도 흥미롭다. 18세기 후반의 사회경제적 변화를 보여주는 일면이다. 이 밖에 지리산 유람자들은 지리산이 남방의 祖宗이라는 인식을 가지고 천왕봉에 오른 소회를 토로했다. 지리산의 위상에 자부심을 갖고 지방 사족으로서의 자의식을 투영하였음을 엿볼 수 있었다. 이 논문은 이제까지 지리산 유람기의 분석에서 간과되었던 시대적 맥락과 지역적 특수성을 살피려는 시도를 하였다. 이러한 시도가 지리산 유람문화의 역사적 전개를 탐구하는 데 일조하길 기대한다.