The following is not a conversation with a bank clerk. " Instead, let me introduce you to customized credit loans," "Do you want me to connect you to the screen of using COVID-19 support funds and checking balance?" These are the contents of consultations with AI chatbots at financial institutions. Chatbot, which used to be an additional tool for adding convenience to life, is now at the center of our lives.

The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes and cryo-banking of Achhami (Bos indicus) bull semen. Of two Achhami bulls, 8 ejaculates from each bull were evaluated for seminal attributes. For semen freezing and cryo-banking, 4 ejaculates (having ≥2 mL semen volume, ≥75% of sperm motility and ≥1,000 × 106 cells/mL of sperm concentration) from each bull were used. Semen samples were diluted in egg-yolk-tris-citrate extender using a two-step dilution protocol, and were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapour in a styrofoam box. The mean semen volume, colour, sperm mass activity, motility, viability, concentration, abnormal acrosome, midpiece and tail and, abnormal head of two Achhami bulls were 4.4 ± 0.5 mL vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mL, 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.1, 77.0 ± 1.1% vs. 78.3 ± 1.3%, 94.4 ± 0.5% vs. 91.0 ± 0.6%, 1137.7 ± 73.7 × 106 cells/mL vs. 1060.0 ± 44.3 × 106 cells/mL, 10.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.3 ± 0.5% and 6.7 ± 0.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The post-thawed sperm motility and viability were 53.0 ± 2.0% vs. 50.0 ± 0.0% and 80.2 ± 0.4% vs. 73.2 ± 0.7%, while evaluating by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, the percentage of the progressive motility, fast motility, slow motility, local motility and immotile sperm were 75%, 68%, 7.4%, 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively. A total number of 620 doses semen straw were cryo-banked. Due to the acceptable post-thawed sperm motility and viability recorded, cryopreservation of Achhami semen is hereby recommended so as to preserve the Achhami breed. For further validation, the fertility will be observed from the produced frozen semen.

Introduction With the advent of new technology and progress of globalization, the adoption of offshore outsourcing policies, especially in the service sector, becomes a common practice. The motivation to outsource globally arises from a pursuit for agility to cope with changing environment (Gilley & Rasheed, 2000; Mukherjee, Gaur, & Datta, 2013), cost reduction (Ang & Straub, 1998), and eventually competitive advantage (Kang, Wu, Hong, & Park, 2012; Kremic, Tukel, & Rom, 2006). However, recent service research represents outsourcing as a double-edged sword, with both damaging and beneficial consequences (Rasheed & Gilley, 2005), and one of the major concerns of offshore service outsourcing is that customer-based brand equity of the service provider maybe affected negatively. At the moment, few international marketing or business studies empirically test the negative implications of offshore outsourcing on customer loyalty and brand equity. The comparisons between front-end and back-end service outsourcing as well as between BRIC and non-BRIC nations are also missing in the literature. Service providers need strategic information about the possible risks of outsourcing specific types of services to specific countries (Pappu, Quester, & Cooksey, 2005). Therefore, based on the literature of brand equity and country-of- origin (COO) theory, we constructed an integrated framework to explain the outcomes of offshore outsourcing from a service and brand marketing point of view. Theoretical Development COO literature indicates that consumers transfer negative perceptions of a country to perceptions of products (Pappu, Quester, & Cooksey, 2006). This principle should apply to perceptions of outsourced back-end services—an increasingly common tactic by service firms (Blumberg, 1998)—such that outsourcing to an Asian economy has negative effects on brand associations and quality. The better the perception of the country that performs outsourced services, the better perception of brand equity, including both associations, quality perception, and ultimately brand loyalty. Because the front-end service employees have more direct interaction with customers, this influence will be stronger as compared to back-end service outsourcing. Meanwhile, we predicted that consumers should perceive India (and other BRIC economies) more favorably, because of their rapid economic development. Research Design To test the hypotheses, this study probed into New Zealand consumers’ perceptions of outsourcing services in the banking industry to India and the Philippines. We adapted the SERVQUAL scale to measure the perception of outsourcing. Subjects’ COO perception and customer-based brand equity were also collected in the online questionnaire. The survey procedure produced 288 completed and usable questionnaires: 132 with India as the country of origin and 156 for the Philippines. Result and Conclusion An initial analysis confirmed the validity of the research tool. The results from multigroup structural equation modelling showed that outsourcing services, in light of country-of-origin effects, has a long-term negative impact, especially for front-end services, on both brand equity and brand loyalty. Consumers appeared more concerned with the quality of customer service and general administration than information systems and technology. Meanwhile, although subjects’ outsourcing and COO perceptions are negative for both India and the Philippines, the results indicated no significant difference between the two nations regarding the levels of impact of such perceptions on brand equity. Based on the findings from the study, we recommend that organizations should consider outsourcing back-end functions before moving to front-end services, because the back-end services have less impact on brand equity. Managers should also have great discretion about where to send back-end services, because consumers’ COO perceptions do not relate significantly to brand equity for outsourced information systems or technology.

Indonesia is struggling to achieve financial inclusion. These barriers could be addressed through branchless banking program. This study explores roles of regulator and bank in the program. This study used secondary data and interviews to explore the objectives. Both regulator and banks are embracing branchless banking to achieve financial inclusion.

Mobile banking has been continuously increasing worldwide. A number of studies have been examined on the mobile banking adoption intention (Kim et al., 2007; Sripalawat et al., 2010; Bhatiasevi, 2015; Baptista, 2015). However, most of those studies have been confined to Western countries and the developed Asian countries such as China (Ball et al, 2004; Chitty, 2012), Thus, there were only few of researches on continuance usage intention towards mobile banking in Thailand. Then, an investigation of the factors affecting users’ continuance intention should be studied to fulfill this gap. It is interesting to examine users’ continuance intention towards mobile banking and identify factors that would affect them. In addition, the adoption rate of mobile banking in Thailand is still underused than expected (Sripalawat et al., 2010). Hence, users’ continuance usage is a critical for long-term improvement of mobile banking. Consequently, continuance intention has become an essential topic of study in the mobile banking research area. The purpose is to study the impact of risk and trust on continuance intention towards mobile banking in Thailand and generate a meaningful understanding of the users’ continuance intention towards mobile banking. Mobile Banking is in a form of electronic banking, which describes all financial transactions through mobile communication technology (Weber and Darbellay, 2010; Chen, 2008; Mallat et al., 2004). Based on Ball et al., (2004) an extend European Customer Satisfaction Index model has been investigated on continuance intention. In this paper, the perceived risk is added for a better explanation of the impact of perceived risk and trust in continuance intention on Thai mobile banking consumers. Continuance intention can be defined as a customer’s intention for repurchasing from the same organization (Edvardsson et al., 2000). Repurchasing products and services from the same organization is a result of value received from one seller is more than other alternatives (Hallowell, 1996). Company can reduce cost and increase profit from customer loyalty. It is because company need to spend five times more than the cost of retaining an existing customer to acquire a new customer (Yap et al., 2012). It is a key factor in order to achieve company success and sustainability over time (Flavian et al., 2006; Keating et al., 2003). Expectations, both of experience and non-experience users can have an “expectation”. Non-experience users can have an “expectations” prior consumption experience from other sources such as advertising, promotion, pricing and word-of-mouth. Patterson et al. (1997) mentioned that expectation has an influence on disconfirmation and associate on satisfaction. Perceived quality is received customization and reliability from product or service. The level that products or services meet customer’s requirements is customization and the level of firm’s providing standard products without deficiencies is reliability. Parasuraman et al., (1988) claimed that a distinctive product quality contributes the differentiation of products and services to overcome competitors. The perceived quality significantly influences on satisfaction (Parasuraman et al., 1996; Kim et al., 2008). In addition, perceived quality is expected to have a positive effect on customer satisfaction (Fornell et al., 1996). Perceived value of a service is the benefits from service quality that customers receive relative to the costs paid by customers (Turkyilmaz et al., 2013). Perceived value is expected positively impact on satisfaction in the ECSI model (Turkyilmaz and Ozkan, 2007). Trust is the belief that a company will complete its commitments without taking benefits from customers (Ranaweera et al., 2005). Mukherjee and Nath (2003) found trust is an antecedent of commitment in online banking. Moreover, Morgan and Hunt (1994) supported trust is a key to successful relationship marketing. Aydin and Ozer (2005) mentioned that building trust is not only perceive good outcomes but also believe that good results will continue. Trust in service providers has a significant impact on continuance intention. It is an antecedent in models concerning to relationships that include loyalty as dependent variables (Schaupp and Be ́langer, 2005; Verhagen et al., 2006). Lack of trust can influence the way in which consumers see banks and financial institutions and in particular consumers’ attitudes to new forms of service delivery via the internet (Zhao et al., 2010). Perceived risk has changed as people have engaged online transactions. In the past, perceived risk was mainly related to fraud or product quality, but presently perceived risk is linked to financial, psychological, physical, or social risks in online transactions (Forsythe and Shi, 2003; Im et al., 2008). There are different types of risks were explored in the previous research about mobile banking and other banking technologies. Firstly, privacy and security were concerned regarding mobile banking among some consumers (Luarn and Lin, 2005). A PIN codes has been used to increase the security. Personal details and financial information became the main concern for mobile banking (Brown et al., 2003), especially among mature consumers (Laukkanen et al., 2007). When customers perceive an uncertainty, they tend to limit their usage or purchase intention Lin (2008). In addition, Wu and Wang (2005) support that risk has a statistically significant effect on intention to use mobile commerce in Taiwan. Satisfaction can be defined as how much customers are satisfied with the products or services of a company, and how well their expectations are met Oliver (1999). Customer satisfaction has been also explained as an overall evaluation of a firm’s post-purchase performance or utilization of a service (Fornell, 1992). Customer satisfaction is generally viewed based on evaluations and expressed some time during the purchase-consumption process. Loyalty and satisfaction are considered in several conceptual. There are a relationship between loyalty and satisfaction (Oliver, 1999). For the methodology, the questionnaire was administered through online included questions measuring the variables based on the extended European Customer Satisfaction Index (ECSI) model. Both males and females mobile banking consumers aged more than 18 years old living or working in Thailand are focused on this paper. The questions were rated on a 5-point Likert scale and developed from previous mobile banking studies (Parasuraman et al.,1988; Bhattacherjee, 2001, Ball et al., 2003; Chen, 2012; Kang et al., 2012; Kursunluoglu, 2014; Baptista, 2015). The partial least squares path modelling was used to investigate data from questionnaire to test hypotheses and determine the consistency, reliability and construct validity, as well as the relationships among constructs. 403 valid samples were collected after eliminating 153 invalid samples. The majority of respondent uses mobile banking more than 4 times a month as 36 percent. A percentage of 30 of respondents use mobile banking 1-2 times a month. Respondents using mobile banking 3-4 times a month and less than once a month follow with 19.1 percent and 14.6 percent respectively. The results from partial least squares path modelling have shown that the expectation has a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Thai consumers who set expectation on their mind by using their previous experience or word of mouth from their friends will compare the mobile banking service performance to their expectation. They would satisfy the mobile banking if the services meet their expectation. Perceived quality has a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction. Providing good performances with accuracy, unfreezing system contributes customer satisfaction on Thai mobile banking users. Perceived value affects on customer satisfaction. After Thai consumers use the mobile banking service, they would evaluate the benefits receiving from the service relative to the costs paid by customers. If service received was worth with the money paid, Thai consumers would satisfy services. Perceived risk does not have a negative impact on customer satisfaction but it has a significant negative effect on continuance intention. Thais’ satisfaction would not be reduced by perceived risk, whereas Thai users would stop using mobile banking if they feel unsafe and perceive risk. Trust has a significant direct impact on continuance intention towards mobile banking consumers in Thailand. This shows that Thai consumers would keep using mobile banking service since they trust on the mobile banking service providers. The satisfaction is a dominant in continuance intention. Satisfaction has a significant impact on continuance intention. Once users satisfy the mobile banking service, they would like to continue use mobile banking and introduce mobile banking to their friends. In conclusion, satisfaction, trust and perceived risk have an impact on continuance intention towards mobile banking in Thailand. Expectations, perceived quality, perceived value have an indirect impact on continuance intention in using mobile banking for Thai consumers through satisfaction. The satisfaction is a dominant factor of continuance intention usage (Bhattacherjee, 2001a, 2001b; Chen et al., 2012; Lam et al., 2004). Satisfaction on mobile banking can be generated by good quality service, value, and responding customers’ requirement to meet their expectations. Surprisingly, perceived risk has no a negative impact on customer satisfaction, but it has an impact on continuance intention. Trust also leads Thai consumers continue use mobile banking. This study contributes mobile banking service providers to know the impact of risk and trust on continuance intention towards mobile banking in Thailand and generate a meaningful understanding of the users’ continuance intention towards mobile banking. The result can improve the volume and value of mobile banking transaction, and satisfaction. Moreover, mobile banking providers can reduce the challenge and generating a better decision on the future marketing campaign to motivate mobile banking consumer keeps using the services.

2014년말에 중국인민은행은 <예금보험조례의의견고>를 공포하였다. 이것은 중국이 은형보험에서 현형보험으로 전환하는 이정표라고 볼 수가 있다. 2015년 3월에는 국무원이 정식적으로<예금보험조례>를 반포하였 다. 이 조례는 예금보험제도 및 중국의 예금보험의 관한 운영을 총23조 로 규정하고 있다. 2015년 5월 1일부터 정식적으로 시행하고 있는데 최 고 배상금액은 인민폐 50만원이다. 중국은 예금보험제도를 준비하는데 21년이라는 과정을 거쳤다. 예금보험제도의 설계목적에 의하여, 현대국가 금융안전망의 한 방면으 로서, 은행이 책임을 이행할 수 없을때, 대부분 중소예금자들이 즉시 배 상을 받을 수 있다. 하지만 예금보험제도를 반포하고 나서 예금자들에게 자금을 은행에 저축하는 것이 최고 보장이라고 할 수 없게 되었다. 왜냐 하면 예전에는 중국에서 모든 은행은 국가가 신용으로 담보하고 금융기 구가 파산하면, 중국중앙은행과 지방정부가 배상책임을 졌기 때문이다. 그런데 수만억의 재정부담은 금융시스템의 예금안전에 대한 리스크가 될 수 있다. 예금보험제도의 반포로 정부가 은형담보하는 위험으로부터 벗 어나게 되었다. 이제는 은행기구가 자신들이 운영리스크에 대해 책임을 져야한다. <예금보험조례>는 이미 발표되었지만 현재은행의 주주구조를 보면, 단기간으로 이 목적을 실현하기가 쉽지 않다.

Germplasm collection of lily in the mountainousarea is laborious and time consuming accompanied withhigh costs and high risk due to inappropriate environmentalconditions. Cryopreservation being an ideal method for thelong-term preservation can be employed in conservation ofvaluable lily germplasm. Previously, we developed cryo-preservation protocol for Lilium germplasm using ‘dropletvitrification’. In this paper, we have chosen shoot tips as amaterial for cryopreservation because of their genetic safetyupon regrowth in tissue culture. Using this protocol, wehave preserved approximately 160 accessions of lily germ-plasm in 2010~2012. The regeneration rates are rangedfrom 54.3% to 58.5% while the survival rates were from58.3% to 66.4%. Among Lilium germplasm cryopreserved,there are some Korean, Chinese, and Taiwanese seedstocks which have good qualities for inter-species hybrid.Moreover, we also conserved Korean wild endangered seedstock, especially Lilium hansonii. The morphological studyof Lilium germplasm regenerated from cryopreserved mate-rial confirmed the stability of clonal material following cryo-preservation. We anticipate this cryo-collection will beavailable and useful to curators or breeders of Lilium andthis cryobank will also facilitate the conservation and inter-national exchange of Lilium germplasm.

The objective of this study is to test how five theory-driven adoption barriers and three key consumer demographics influence consumer adoption versus rejection decisions in two seemingly similar service innovations. The earlier literature on innovation diffusion recognizes two streams of research: one focusing on innovation adoption and acceptance of innovations, and the other stream, though less traveled, calling attention to innovation resistance. All innovations face a certain degree of resistance among consumers depending on consumer characteristics and the innovation itself. The literature argues that consumers can simultaneously express views that are both favorable and unfavorable towards the innovations (Ferreira, da Rocha, & da Silva, 2014) and thus both resistance and adoption can coexist during the lifetime of an innovation (Ram, 1987). Thus it is reasonable to explore how innovation resistance influences consumer decisions in different service innovations. Initially scholars explained resistance to innovations through two constructs, habit or satisfaction with an existing behavior and perceived risks associated with innovation adoption (Sheth, 1981). Ram and Sheth (1989) provide a more comprehensive view to the phenomenon by explaining consumer resistance through functional and psychological barriers that they further divide into five distinct barriers, namely usage, value, risk, tradition and image. This study tests how these five adoption barriers as well as three consumer demographics, gender, age, and income, influence consumer adoption versus rejection decisions in Internet and mobile banking. An effective total sample size of 1,736 consumer responses were collected from Finland. Logistic regression analysis finds that the value barrier is the strongest inhibitor of Internet and mobile banking adoption. In addition, while the image barrier slows down mobile banking adoption, the tradition barrier explains the rejection of Internet banking. In addition, age greatly explains this behavior and the results show that younger segments have a significantly greater likelihood of Internet banking adoption than their older counterparts. Contrary to Internet banking, it appears that gender significantly contributes to mobile banking adoption and the intention to use it. The results predict that males have nearly two times greater likelihood towards adoption compared to females.

도로 공사나 토지 공사에서 대규모 절성토 개발 시 설계되는 토량이동계획에서 호수나 습지와 같이 이동불가능한 제척지를 고려해 최적 토량이동 경로 계산 알고리즘을 제안한다. 대규모 절성토 내 토량의 이동계획 수립은 운반단가에 많은 영향을 미치므로 사전에 토량이동계획을 수립해야한다. 선형계획법을 이용한 토량이동 최적화에 대한 연구는 있었으나 이동불가능한 제척지에 대한 영역을 고려한 토량이동 최적화에 대한 연구와 시스템 구현은 없었다. 대부분의 경우는 설계자가 제척지를 고려해 수작업으로 토량이동경로를 조정하고 있다. 본 논문에서 제시한 모델은 먼저 제척지 영역을 평면다각형 위상정보로 변환한 후 A*알고리즘을 이용하여 여러 가시점 경로를 계산한다. 이 경로에 선형계획법을 이용하여 토량이동 최적화를 위한 최소비용 경로를 얻는다. 본 논문에서는 최적 토량이동 설계시스템을 실현함으로써 제시한 모델의 타당성을 입증한다.

IT의 발전으로 인터넷뱅킹․온라인증권거래 등 새로운 전자지급결제수단이 등장하면서 새로운 전자금융서비스가 제공되고 있다. 따라서 전자금융서비스의 확대는 서비스제공자, 이용자, 투자자와 규제․조정자 모두에게 막대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 전자금융거래에 있어서는 전자금융소비자에게 안전한 금융상품 서비스 제공과 이용자에게 전자금융에 대한 보호를 받을 수 있다는 신뢰감을 줄 수있는 정책이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 즉 전자금융거래에 대한 안전성과 신뢰성을 확보하고, 전자금융서비스의 이용자를 보호해야 할 대안이 강조되고 있다. 전자금융거래는 통화의 흐름에 막대한 영향을 미치는 거래이므로, 전자금융업무에 대한 국가의 감독을 확보할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 전자금융감독은 전통적인 감독의 틀을 유지하면서도 특정한 기술을 지지하는 감독정책이 아니라, 전자금융의 특성으로 인한 변화를 반영하는 감독정책 및 기준을 수립하는 것이 바람직하다고 할 것이다. 즉, 전자금융에 따른 위험을 인식하고 적절한 규제 방안을 수립하고, 그에 따라 금융기관의 감독이 필요한 것이다. 무엇보다도 감독당국은 금융기관의 전자금융거래에 있어서 그 적정성을 감독․검사함으로써 적절한 전자금융거래 제도의 효과성을 확보해야 할 것이다. 특히 금융기관에 대한 정보기술부문의 검사강화 등을 통하여 전자금융거래에 의한 이용자의 위험을 방지하므로써, 금융기관 전체의 건전성과 안전성을 확보하여야 할 것이다. 즉, 미래에 전개되는 전자금융에 따른 위험의 확대 및 새로운 위험의 발생에 대하여 금융감독 당국은 금융기관으로 하여금 스스로 그 위험을 관리할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이며, 이와 더불어 금융기관 등도 금융시스템 전체의 위험을 관리할 수 있어야 할 것이다. 그리고 전자금융거래의 확대로 인한 정보기술부문에 대한 의존도가 높아짐에 따라 금융회사의 정보기술부문에 대한 안전대책기준의 부과와 필요성이 제기된다. 기존에 금융기관 등이 중점을 두지 않았던 보안 및 시스템리스크 등에 대한 위험요소들이 새롭게 부각됨에 따라 금융기관의 리스크 관리 및 내부통제체제 구축이 필요하다. 즉, 전자금융거래에 있어서는 정부의 통제의 관행을 지양하여 금융기관 및 전자금융거래업자로 하여금 자율적으로 거래를 하게 하는 대신에 금융기관 및 전자금융거래업의 건전성을 확보하기 위한 규제와 감독이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 결국, 전자금융거래는 정부의 통제에 따라 거래가 이루어지는 것이 아니라 자발적인 판단과 책임에 의하여 거래가 이루어져야 하는 것이다. 즉, 전자금융거래의 안전성과 건전성을 확보하기 위해서는 전자금융거래에 대한 적절한 자기규제장치(self-regulatory mechanism)가 필요하다. 즉, 내부통제제도(Internal control system)의 확립이 필요하다. 내부통제제도는 전자금융거래의 안전한 결정과 명백하고 투명한 정보를 제공하여 전자금융제도 전체의 안전성을 높이는데 기여하게 될 것이다. 그리고, 정보기술의 눈부신 발전과 빠른 변화에 따라 전자금융거래가 직면하는 전자거래 위험의 내용과 범위가 변화될 것이므로, 이에 따른 전자거래의 위험을 평가․측정․통제․모니터할 시스템이 필요하며. 특히, 전자금융거래에 있어서 정보화의 발전은 이용자보호가 문제가 될 것이므로, 향후 대규모로 발생하는 전자금융거래와 관련된 안전문제에 대한 신속한 대응을 위해 관련 법규정에서 제시하는 기준에 의거한 최적화된 전자금융 통합로그 관리시스템 구축이 필요하다. 또한, 금융기관 및 전자금융업자에 대한 이용자들간의 분쟁처리와 분쟁조정에 대한 보다 효율적인 대응방안을 통합로그 분석시스템 레벨에서 구체적으로 제시되어야 할 것이다.

인터넷이 발전해감에 따라 사이버 세계라고 하는 또 다른 세상이 창출되었다. 그러나 정보보호의 취약성 때문에 인터넷 게임과 인터넷 뱅킹 서비스를 이용하는 사용자들의 안전성이 보장되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이처럼 불법 침입자들로부터 선의의 이용자를 보호하기 위한 대응책을 채택하고자 본 논문에서는 인터넷 게임과 뱅킹의 개선된 인증과정을 통하여 일반 사용자들도 이러한 정보들에 손쉽게 접근할 수 있게 하여 더욱더 인증보안이 강화된 알고리즘을 설계하고 구현해 보았으며 기존의 인증보안 방식과도 비교하여 설문조사를 해 본 결과를 바탕으로 새로운 인증방법을 적용해 보는데 그 목적이 있다.

  The purpose of this study is to find out the factors of customer satisfaction as the critical success factors of mobile banking. Based on previous exploratory work and a review of the literature of customer satisfaction, nine key factors are identified:

Mobile technologies and services have become one of the inevitable parts of people's lives and mobile businesses have also been widespread. Nevertheless, there have been no such studies of mobile services in the industry and most of the studies have been concentrated on mobile Internet services. therefore, the goals of this study is to find out corporate key parts for popularizing mobile banking services by clarifying the activate method of mobile banking services and to get some tips for service providers and users. The results are following; First, Service Quality, Personal Innovativeness, Social Influence, don't influence users' Perceived Usefulness, which means that when people use mobile banking services, whether people around them use the services doesn't have a significant effect on them. Considerably, that's because mobile banking services are different from games and entertainment contents provided through cell phones that many can easily use and be affected by people around them and reference groups. Second, people use mobile banking services; when they experience the convenience and familiarity; when the service would help them work efficiently. Much of the preceding researches have dealt with service provider only and have focused on mobile Internet. In this regard, when it comes to a viewpoint that regards the mobile banking sector as a new sector of mobile businesses, this study is significant.

Next Generation internet banking service for important role of banking business competitive power separates service function of individual banking and should equip various service that coincides in each special qualities these are customer management, portfolio management, global corporation support etc. The past few years have been characterized by rapid changes in technology and the introduction of corporate and retail banking services through the Internet. the integration of e-banking platforms with legacy systems and the increasing dependence of banks on third party information service providers, all dramatically amplify the magnitude of risks to which banks are exposed. Risk management disciplines have not evolved at the same speed and many institutions, especially the smaller ones, have not been able to incorporate Internet banking risk controls within their existing risk management structures. This article provides an overview of the various risks which are heightened with Internet banking, and a holistic approach to managing these risks. In addition, the presentation will explain the different risk areas and the controls to be adopted to mitigate these risks.

The purpose of this paper is to (1) evaluate a proposed conceptual model based on integrated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); (2) compare the differences between Vietnam and South Korea regarding the effects of consumer perception of CSR activities and technology acceptance on intention to adopt mobile banking. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted to analyze the data collected from the field survey questionnaires administered to a convenience sample of Vietnamese and Korean banking customers. The results showed that there is a difference between South Korea and Vietnam with regard to intention to use mobile banking services. While the effects of social responsibility and environmental responsibility on trust, trust on perceived usefulness, perceived risk on intention to use, perceived usefulness on intention to use were significant in the context of Vietnam but those effects were not significant in South Korea. Therefore, this study has attempted to fill this gap by empirically examining some of the important factors influencing the adoption of m-banking from the Vietnamese and Korean customers’ perspectives. Finally, practical and theoretical implications for both banks and researchers in the m- banking context are also discussed in the concluding section.

This study aims to determine the perceptions of Islamic Financial Cooperative (BMT) managers in the Indonesian BMT Association on the acceptance of core banking technology. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is used because it has simple theoretical characteristics (parsimony) and is supported by data (verifiability). This study develops the TAM model by integrating new variables –perceptions of maqashid sharia, perceptions of economies of scale, perceptions of market structure, and perceptions of technology procurement costs. These new variables are used to measure intention in using technology and actual usage in BMT operations. This study used PLS-SEM with smartPLS 3. The study was conducted in Central Java in six ex-Residency at 35 BMT with 300 respondents consisting of six levels of position level. The research found that maqashid sharia and market structure directly influenced the intention of BMT managers in using core banking technology. This new finding strengthens a theoretical model regarding the role of maqashid sharia in the acceptance of information technology in BMT. In addition, the perception of economies of scale has no significant effect on intention in using technology or its actual usage. The perception variable of technology procurement costs was found to have no significant effect on intention in using technology.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of risk factor model for the Jordanian banking stocks from 2006 to 2018. This study employs the Five-factor Fama and French’s (2015) methodology and uses the annual returns of all Jordanian banks including 2 Islamic and 13 commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over a period of 13 years. The results show that the factors of value and profitability have an important role in evaluating the expected return in Jordanian banking stocks. Moreover, the value HML and profitability RMW factors provide the highest cumulative returns among these five factors, while the investment CMA and size SMB factors are still around zero cumulative returns. For the market factor, it provides the least negative cumulative returns. The results showed that the largest correlation is between value and investment factors which means that banks with a high book to market value become banks with a conservative investment strategy. The result of the sub-periods confirmed the value and profitability results. The findings of this study suggest that the five-factor Fama and French model is the choice of building an investment portfolio, especially the factors of value and profitability.