This study conducted a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of Maria Leonor “Leni” G. Robredo’s presidential proclamation bid considering differing ideologies between two opposing political parties in the Philippines. Robredo employed language to persuade people to support her ideologies and, ultimately, to cast their votes for her. Analyzing her speech through Fairclough’s three-dimensional CDA model yielded the following several key insights. First, the textual analysis of Robredo’s proclamation bid revealed multiple personal and impersonal motivations in using linguistic markers such as personal pronouns, mood, and modality. Second, the processing analysis of Robredo’s political discourse displayed her lexical choices and use of rhetorical norms such as metaphors, repetition, and three-part lists to persuade people to change their views on the government. Finally, the social analysis of Robredo’s proclamation speech revealed her ideologies as a political leader, which became the basis for constructing a self-identity relevant to her orientation of power. This analysis of Robredo’s political discourse through CDA explored the relationship between language, ideologies, and power. The findings of this study are expected to stimulate listeners to critically observe the verbal political behaviors of speakers.

이 연구는 텍스트마이닝 방법을 활용하여 팡팡의 우한일기 텍스트를 해체, 조합 하고 페어클로프의 비판적 담론 분석(Critical Discourse Analysis) 모형을 적용, 우 한일기의 담론 구조와 양상을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 우한일기 ‘제목+본문’ 구조 에서 정보성 담론과 의견과 주장 담론을 선택적 배치하였다. ‘武汉’, ‘疫情’ 등 단어와 ‘愤怒, ‘武汉人’, ‘医生朋友’, ‘极左’ 등 단어가 핵심어로 선정되었다. 담론적 실천은 1. ‘우한 봉쇄 상황’ 정보성 담론, 2.‘우한 지역의 코로나 상황’ 정보성 담론, 3.‘대응 실패 책임론’ 의견, 주장의 담론, 4.‘봉쇄된 시민의 일상과 비극’ 정보와 주장 혼합 담론, 5. ‘반대 의견자의 공격’ 상호텍스트성 담론이 도출되었다. 반대 의견의 ‘极左’ 담론은 텍스트 밖에서 ‘증오와 갈등’ 담론으로 탈·접합되었다.

Cho, Eun & Oh, Sun-Young. (2023). “Representation of Native English Teachers and Korean English Teachers in Korean English Newspapers: A Corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(2). 95-123. Native-speakerism, a pervasive issue in the field of English Language Teaching, is observed globally and prevalent in Korea. This ideology negatively affects both Native English Teachers (NETs) and Non-native English teachers like Korean English Teachers (KETs) for some reasons. This study utilizes corpus-based critical discourse analysis to examine the linguistic patterns and referential expressions used in Korean English newspapers to represent NETs and KETs. The analysis reveals significant disparities in their positions and authority within Korean English classrooms. Specifically, NETs are labeled as “assistants,” implying a subordinate role with limited authority, while KETs are referred to as “co-teachers,” signifying a more secure status. Moreover, the study highlights the challenges faced by KETs in demonstrating their English proficiency and sheds light on the discrimination faced by NETs who possess commodified linguistic capital and are of Caucasian descent. These findings emphasize the importance of raising awareness of native-speakerism in Korean newspapers.

In the contrasting reports of the THAAD deployment in South Korea, the conflicting national media stances are reflected in the discursive patterns of the Chinese and Korean newspapers' headlines. Grounded upon van Dijk's socio-cognitive perspective in the critical discourse analysis, these patterns are analyzed in terms of the Attitude systems of the Appraisal Theory. The data of headlines are collected from online articles in Chinese and Korean major daily newspapers. The findings show that the newspapers' contrasting stances on the THAAD issues are discursively differentiated into their attitudinal representations of the headlines. These results also demonstrate the discursive strategy of positive self and negative other presentation to establish each nation's solidarity involved in the THAAD issues.

This paper aims to investigate the construction of ideal leadership in newspaper editorials from four American newspapers. In times of global crisis caused by COVID-19, editorials dealing with national leaders' performances show their opinions and attitudes toward President Trump by making evaluative comments. Previous studies regarding evaluative characteristics embedded in newspaper editorials have focused on the frequent use of modality. By analyzing editorials drawn from major American newspapers, the present study shows that not only words of modality but also statements without any modal expressions play a crucial role in representing and evaluating President Trump's leadership. The analysis also demonstrates that the combination of modal and non-modal statements serves to form writers' perspectives and create the ideology of how ideal and competent leaders should act when faced with a crisis.

This paper aims to use a critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyze types of online news headlines about COVID-19 on cruise ship, the Diamond Princess, and to identify different traits between conservative newspapers and progressive ones. 480 articles were collected from five major news outlets in Korea: Chosun Ilbo, Joongang Ilbo, Donga Ilbo, Hankyoreh, and Kyunghyang Shinmun. The results show that the headlines tend to contain negative or extreme vocabulary and to employ quotes from experts or even from unknown sources in order to criticize Japan and blame the Japanese government for their way of dealing with the situation. In the case of differences between politically biased sources, it was found that the conservative media inclines toward framing negative images of the Japanese government by publishing more articles than the progressive media and by using numbers and statistics to clearly describe the surge of infected people on the ship. They also published more articles than the progressive media about Korea's actions to bring Koreans back home from the ship, framing positive images about the Korean government. As can be seen, the online news headlines are politically biased and manipulatively framed, so readers' discretion is necessary.

This article investigates from a critical discourse studies perspective the news media representations of inbound international students in Korean higher education. In light of the ideological workings of discourse and the media's social impact on the public consciousness, the current study examines the structures and detailed meanings of the media portrayals of international students as regards the three dimensions of the textual feature, discursive practice, and social practice. The findings suggest that the media representations of international students are racialized according to stratified power relations in the context of Korean higher education, and that the racialization and stratification is undergirded by neoliberal capitalist ideology of internationalization, ambivalent diversity discourse of Others, and benevolent care discourse of the minoritized. A range of discursive othering strategies are deployed in the news texts to render more newsworthy the reported issues and incidents concerning international students. The article concludes and argues that more fluid approaches to diversity should be developed to account for the complexity and multiplicity of transnational subjectivities.

Given the view of tests as mechanisms within a language policy framework (Shohamy, 2006), Korean proficiency tests are not only used as a way to measure language knowledge, but rather as tools to impose national ideologies about langage use and diversity. The field of Korean language testing needs to embrace sociopolitical dimensions, and engage what is going on value and consequence in test development and validation. By drawing upon a combined approach of Messick’s (1989) validity framework, Fairclough’s (2001) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Bachman and Palmer’s Assessment Use Arugment (AUA), this study aims to illustrate how the practice of testing can be discursively interpreted as a multilayered phenomenon, constituted through discourse. It discussed the applicability of AUA’s two claims (decisions, consequences) to the validation of Korean language proficiency or related certification testing for immigrants with foci of value implications and consequences. The interconnectedness of test validation and CDA is modelled through the procedure of Faircough’s (2001) analytic methodology. In an effort to illustrate that language testing is discursively value-laded, this study not only offer a theoretical and methodological addition to the current inquiry of test validation, but also re-emphasize that language testing is sociopolitically driven from a discursive angle.

This study, drawing on critical discourse analysis methodologies, aims to show how Chinese international students are discursively represented in a Korean newspaper. Articles from the Chosun Ilbo were collected between 2008-2016. The media has framed social images on Chinese International students quite often from the Beijing Olympic torch relay in 2008. Following van Dijk’s (1998) ideological theory, macro- and micro-level of textual analysis were conducted. It was found that the two groups of ‘us’ and ‘them’ (Chinese international students) were dichotomized. It was enforced by discursive strategies such as conjugation, over-lexicalization, and delegitimization. As for the micro-level analysis, drawing on Halliday’s (1985) systemic functional grammar, three dimensions of analysis (ideational, interpersonal, and textual) were conducted to uncover the power relations under the linguistic forms. This study concludes that Chinese international students were represented by the ideological square of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation.

Kim, KaHyun & Shin, Dongil. 2016. “A Critical Discourse Analysis on Global Talents and Their English Competence”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 249~280. The purpose of this study is to examine the media discourse on global talents and their English competence through critical discourse analysis. The special feature articles of the JoongAng daily newspaper on ‘global talent’ were traced and analyzed. The articles of JoongAng Sunday magazine on the global talent, which were published between January 2008 and March 2016, were also examined. The analysis drew upon the van Dijk’s (2009b) sociocognitive approach. By understanding how social cognition played its role in formative process of the discourse with linguistic features, the dialectical relationship of the dicourse and the society was inferred. Findings revealed the schema of the global companies, which counted human resources as the goal of management and essential part of their success, empathized individuals’ role and led them to make efforts. Microscopic linguistic features formed global talent discourses with being influenced and affecting the macroscopic structure. The media discourse often valued self-improvement, which involved neoliberalistic orientation of global companies.

Kim Byeong-keon. 2016. “A Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Editorials and Columns on Progressivism”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 65~90. The aim of this study is to discuss how progressivism is depicted based on Appraisal Theory in Chosun Ilbo and Hankyoreh Shinmun. We also explore difference between two newspapers. The term of Appraisal refers to a linguistic resource by which a speaker/ writer expresses his own effect, judgement, and appreciation. As a result, Hankyoreh Shinmun relatively depicts positive image on progressivism through it positive and negative evaluations, while Chosun Ilbo depicts negative image using a negative evaluation. By looking at them from the Ideological Square of van Dijk, we are able to know that progressivism is a ‘They’ to Chosun Ilbo.

Seo So-a. 2015. “A Critical Discourse Analysis of Recontextualization in the News Headline Translation”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(2). 97~129. Most international news tends to be strategically translated to fit for the target context. A useful case for analysis includes the discursive patterns of English to Korean translation of international news headlines, particularly on the reportage of the Libyan and Syrian conflicts. Using data collected from the on-line articles in three Korean newspapers, this study draws on the concept of recontextualization and analyzes the textual practices and discursive strategies in terms of the critical discourse analysis based upon Hallidayean systemic-functional linguistics. The results demonstrate that the translated headline as the target text is discursively recontextualized into its interpretative and national context of Korea, while it is decontextualized from the reported event context of Libya and Syria as well as from the source context of the U.S. It is, thus, suggested that the international news headline translation is the target-oriented recontextualization at textual and contextual level. (145)

Park Hyu-yong. 2013. Critical analysis of contrasting identities and styles of anti- and pro-multicultural discourses in Korea. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 21(3). In a multicultural society, social discourses composed of diverse voices, identities, and subjectivities collide and naturally create tensions. Adopting Rogers' (2004) methodological approach to critical discourse analysis and Castells' (2004) categorization of identity - legitimizing, project, and resistanceas a conceptual framework, this paper analyzes the discourses between antiand pro-multiculturalist sides in Korea. This paper surveys and analyzes the discourses hosted in cyber space, such as internet agora, portal site cafes, and personal blogs, which are the outlets of common people's voices and identities regarding multiculturalism. The concrete research questions of this paper are as follows: i) how are anti- and pro-multiculturalist voices and rationales categorized?; ii) what are the types of identities in anti- and pro-multiculturalist discourses, and how do they conflict; and iii) what styles do anti- and pro-multiculturalists bear in their own discourses? This paper argues that multicultural discourses in Korea are conjugated by diverse conflicting voices of people with different standpoints and beliefs on a multicultural society. This paper also stresses that the government or academia should monitor the voices, rationales, and attitudes of both sides to establish clear directions for future multicultural policies and legislation. (190 words)

This article explores how the conflicting ideological positions of the news media in two different countries are reflected in their perceptions of the postwar situation in Iraq and become encoded in lexical choices and strategies in relation to the cognitive and socio-political dimension of the media. The target data were collected from the on-line news reports posted on the respective web sites of the two networks: the Fox News Channel in the U.S. (foxnews.com) and the English-language version of Al-Jazeera in Qatar (english.aljazeera.net). This study adopts an interdisciplinary theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis for ideological representations in news discourse by integrating labeling strategies in information structure from critical discourse scholars (Tomlin et al. 1997; Fairclough 1992, 1995). In particular, the lexical choices and their cognitive and discursive strategies are qualitatively and quantitatively examined by focusing on the labels on the War against Iraq and postwar Iraq. As a result, this study seeks to verify the idea that the ideological differences between the two news networks result in their own strategically and informationally structured labels on Iraqi situations in each news text, keeping and reproducing the separating concept of Self and Other according to each network's socio-cultural identity and ideology.

This paper investigates key discursive practices constructed in English language teaching (ELT) in Korea and calls for the necessity of ‘criticality’ in theorizing, researching, and pedagogical practices. Utilizing a new qualitative research orientation of ‘bricolage’ (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005; Kincheloe, 2004) and critical discourse analysis (CDA; Fairclough, 1995), this paper engages in multi-methods of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data. More specifically, some current issues related to ELT in Korea are juxtaposed critically with various historical, political, sociocultural, and economical factors. This is to investigate how these factors influence the formation of discursive practices regarding the NS-NNS dichotomy and ownership of English, teaching English for practicality, relationships between language, culture, and power, and neutralizing and depoliticizing key concepts in ELT. This paper suggests that ELT in Korea is a site in which multiple discourses are contesting to delineate particular ways of teaching and learning. Accordingly, this paper argues that ELT practitioners should be aware of the role of English as symbolic power and understand what is implicated in current discursive practices in ELT in order to possibly engage in more progressive pedagogy in line with Freirian consciousness-raising or problematizing practices for Korean learners of English.

이 연구에서는 Fairclough의 비판적 담론분석 모델을 적용하여 서울시 무상급식 정책결정과정에 나타난 정책담론들이 수행하는 역할 및 특성을 규명하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 담론 투쟁과정에서 부각된 담론들에 대한 신문기사의 텍스트 분석을 통해 진보와 보수의 논리를 기술하고, 양자 간 대립하며 전개하고 있는 담론을 해석하였다. 또한, 사회적 실천관계에서는 정책이 형성되는 상황적 맥락과 결정이 이루어지는 제도적 맥락을 살펴보았다. 연구결과에 따른 이 연구의 결론 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서울시 무상급식 정책결정과정에서 정책담론들은 진보와 보수 세력들의 정치적 이해관계와 결합하며 논쟁이 된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 무상급식 정책결정과정에서의 정책행위자들, 즉 진보와 보수는 자신들의 논리를 정당화하기 위한 다양한 행동전략을 구사했으며 이 과정에서 정책담론이 중심적인 역할을 하였다. 셋째, 서울시 무상급식에 관한 정책결정은 정책행위자들의 이해와 타협에 의한 결정이라기보다는 담론투쟁에 의한 결과라 할 수 있다.

This study aims to investigate the politics of inclusion and exclusion embedded in South Korea’s multicultural education documents. The study examines eight multicultural education policy documents published annually from 2006 to 2013; it focuses on what strategies the government chooses to acculturate multicultural families and students. As a methodology for analyzing text, this study applies critical discourse analysis (CDA). It is capable of highlighting the (un)avoidable result of the process of abjection between Korea’s majority and the minority-a bifurcation depicted in Korean society and evidenced in governmental policy documents. Thus, this paper explores how multicultural education policy documents articulate the politics of inclusion/exclusion. An integration strategy is indeed signaled in the basic idea of multicultural education. Throughout the governmental policy documents, however, practical plans and programs are deeply engaged with the assimilation and/or the segregation strategy. Based on an apparent conflict between generalities and particulars, this study proposes a hopeful vision for a South Korean multicultural education policy.