In apartment buildings in Korea, irregular walls, such as T-, L-, and U-shaped walls, are commonly used. However, in practical design, the geometric irregularities of walls are often neglected when determining the length of the lateral confinement region. Further, although earthquake loads apply from various directions, the lateral confinement region is typically determined for the in-plane direction of the web. Thus, using finite element analysis, this study investigated the structural performance of irregular walls subjected to various loading directions. As the design parameters, wall shape, cross-sectional aspect ratio, and loading direction were addressed. According to the parametric analysis results, as the length of flange in tension increased, the lateral confinement region should be evaluated with consideration of the geometric irregularity. Further, for the L- and U-shaped walls, it is recommended to evaluate the lateral confinement region for various loading directions. Based on these results, a design method to determine the lateral confinement region of irregular walls was suggested.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive lung disease marked by excessive fibrosis and declining respiratory function. While pharmacological treatments help manage symptoms, they offer limited reversal of fibrosis and often have side effects. As a result, interest in rehabilitation approaches such as breathing exercises combined with self-myofascial release (SMR) has increased. These techniques may enhance trunk stability and thoracic flexibility, contributing to improved respiratory function. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of thoracic expansion exercises using SMR techniques on pulmonary function and chest mobility in a patient with PF, and assessed their clinical applicability. Design: Single-subject A-B-A′ design. Methods: A 60s male with idiopathic PF underwent 20 days of intervention. Standard rehabilitation was applied during baseline (A) and follow-up (A′) phases. During the intervention (B), SMR-based breathing exercises were added. Outcomes included Functional Reach Test (FRT), chest expansion, and pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV₁, PEF, FEV₁/FVC). Data were analyzed using the 2SD band method. Results: FRT improved from 23.4 cm (A) to 31.3 cm (B) and 34.2 cm (A′). Chest expansion increased from 1.7 cm to 2.8 cm, and FVC rose from 1.70 L to 2.08 L before dropping to 0.94 L. FEV₁/FVC improved from 80.8% to 86.7% during intervention but decreased at follow-up. Conclusion: SMR-based thoracic expansion exercises may enhance trunk stability, thoracic mobility, and certain pulmonary function indicators in PF patients. These findings suggest potential clinical benefits, warranting further studies to confirm long-term effectiveness.

선박용 프로펠러는 선박 추진 성능과 연비에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 핵심 부품으로, 제작 과정에서 높은 정밀도가 요구된다. 사형주조는 복잡한 형상의 금속 부품 제작에 널리 사용되는 공정이지만, 주조 과정에서 발생하는 열적 팽창과 냉각 수축은 최종 치수 오 차와 가공 비용 증가를 초래하는 주요 원인이다. 본 연구에서는 사형주조 과정에서 발생하는 열팽창 및 수축 현상을 정밀하게 예측하고, 이를 고려한 최적의 치수 여유 설정을 통해 연마 작업을 최소화하는 설계 방안을 제안하였다. 알루미늄 청동 합금(ALBC3)을 사용한 프로 펠러를 대상으로 열팽창 공식과 유한요소해석(FEM)을 적용하여 블레이드, 허브, 전체 지름 등 각 부위별 변형을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 블레이드 너비와 두께는 약 1.9%, 허브 직경은 1.5%, 전체 지름은 2.0%의 여유를 두는 것이 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 최 적 치수 여유를 적용한 결과, 최대 23kg의 재료 절감, 30만 원 이상의 제작 비용 절감, 작업 시간 50~60% 단축 등의 정량적 개선 효과가 확인되었다. 최적 설계를 적용함으로써 추가 연마 작업과 재료 손실을 줄일 수 있으며, 이에 따른 비용 절감 효과도 기대된다. 본 연구 결 과는 선박용 프로펠러 제작 과정의 품질 향상과 생산성 제고에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Due to cognitive differences, traditional perceptual engineering (KE) frequently relies too heavily on designers' experience in analyzing customers' emotional demands, which can result in product designs that deviate from users' expectations. This work suggests a thorough evaluation approach that combines the particle swarm optimization-support vector regression (PSO-SVR) model and perceptual engineering to increase the scientificity and precision of design choices. The approach first determines the subjective weights of users' emotional needs using spherical fuzzy hierarchical analysis (SFAHP). Next, it uses the entropy weighting method to determine the objective weights. Finally, it combines the subjective and objective data using game theory to produce a more rational evaluation system. Finally, the emotional prediction model based on PSO-SVR is constructed to realize the accurate mapping between emotional needs and design features. The empirical study shows that“speed”, “dynamic”and“luxury” are the core emotional demands of users, and the algorithm's prediction results are highly consistent with users' actual evaluations, which strongly verifies the accuracy of the model. Compared with the traditional KE method, the model better integrates subjective experience and objective data and provides more practical support for the design of flybridge yachts.