In this study, we performed optical simulations for two light sources: internal and external electrode light sources. Based on the optical simulation results, we created a practical design to verify the design validity and extract optimal design factors for each light source. The three key geometric variables in the design of a direct-lit flat panel light source are the distance between the two lamps, the distance between the lamps and the reflector, and the number of lamps. These variables significantly impact the optical design and determine various characteristics of the flat panel light source system. In this study, we used a 26 mm distance between the two lamps, a 4.5 mm distance between the lamps and the reflector, and a total of 20 lamps to derive optimal values for these variables. Under these conditions, we created a practical design and evaluated its performance, achieving an excellent flat panel light source with a central luminance of 6,423 nits and a luminance uniformity of less than 5%. This study demonstrates that optical simulation techniques are an effective method for designing a surface-emitting light source system for medical LCDs, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving high performance while maintaining a low cost.

Jeans, emblematic of enduring fashion appeal, serve as a barometer of societal trends. This study explores the evolving landscape of meta trend analysis in the fashion industry, acknowledging the need for methodologies tailored to the vast amounts of data available through social media. By focusing on jeans, a quintessential fashion staple, the research applies text mining techniques, specifically TF-IDF analysis, to examine design style changes over a decade. Methodologically rigorous, the study meticulously curates and analyzes Naver blog posts spanning from 2013 to 2022, filtering out content unrelated to design. Morpheme analysis isolates pertinent nouns, facilitating comprehensive TF-IDF examinations. Design elements—fit, color, material, detail, and rise length—are methodically dissected, revealing notable shifts over time. The skinny fit, once dominant, diminished in prevalence by 2022, contrasting with the ascendant popularity of the wide fit. Noteworthy trends emerge in color preferences, with black and white prevailing alongside a burgeoning interest in light blue. Elasticity appears as a key material characteristic that remains consistent throughout the study period. Moreover, temporal fluctuations in detailing, such as tears and decorative stitching, underscore the dynamic nature of fashion. This research makes a unique contribution to the literature on the intersection of fashion and big data, emphasizing design perspectives amid the prevalence of consumer-focused analyses. Its practical implications extend to informing online fashion product development and prioritizing design elements that resonate with contemporary consumer preferences.

While the adoption of AI-based design tools is accelerating in design education, limited research has examined learners’ psychological acceptance of these tools. This study therefore investigates perceptions of CLO 3D, Stable diffusion, and ChatGPT through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Survey data were collected from 70 design majors at a university in Seoul and analyzed using regression methods, focusing on four key variables: perceived learning difficulty, efficiency, visual satisfaction, and commercialization potential. The results revealed paradoxical patterns in learning experience, where higher learning intention and perceived intuitiveness sometimes increased learning burden, while efficiency and output similarity reduced it. Efficiency perceptions were strengthened by learning intention, CLO 3D output similarity, and ChatGPT’s visualization support, but weakened when learners relied heavily on traditional creativity or when Stable diffusion’s creativity reflection was emphasized. Visual satisfaction was positively influenced by portfolio development and practical application intentions yet decreased when judged strictly by conventional creativity standards. Commercialization potential increased with efficiency, time savings, ChatGPT utilization, and application planning, but declined with greater familiarity with hand sketching. These findings validate TAM’s dimensions of usefulness and ease of use while highlighting the moderating role of comparison with traditional workflows. The study contributes theoretically by extending TAM to creative education contexts and provides practical guidance for developing instructional strategies that balance efficiency, creativity, and professional applicability.

Modern society seeks coexistence across boundaries, inspiring fashion studies that transcend gender norms to promote equality and harmony. The current study aimed to (a) analyze and classify the design characteristics of men’s genderless fashion (Study 1) and (b) investigate the perceptions, attitudes, and purchase intentions of millennial and Gen Z male consumers regarding genderless fashion (Study 2). For the first study, we selected 192 photographs highlighting genderless features from the men’s clothing collections of 2020 F/W and 2021 S/S in Paris, Milan, London, and New York. A group of fashion experts conducted the classification, with an inter-coder reliability of 92.1%. Genderless fashion was classified into four design properties: fusion, mixing male and female characteristics; juxtaposition, showing coexistence without mixing; transition, emphasizing opposite characteristics; and neutrality, showing neither male nor female features. For Study 2, an online survey was conducted with men in their 20s and 30s (N=74, MeanAge=31.04). The participants reviewed 12 representative photographs that were obtained from Study 1, evaluating recognition, attitudes, and purchase intentions. The results showed that the participants perceived transition as the most feminine, while they judged juxtaposition, fusion, and neutrality as more neutral. The stronger the feminine elements in the materials, colors, silhouettes, fit, and decorative details were, the lower the attitudes and purchase intentions became. This research is significant vis-à-vis identifying the design characteristics of men’s genderless fashion and providing design directions that may encourage actual purchases among millennial and Gen Z male consumers.

기후변화로 동남아시아에서 태풍의 강도와 빈도가 증가함에 따라 필리 핀과 베트남은 매년 심각한 피해를 경험하고 있다. 본 연구는 두 국가의 태풍 대응 체계와 재난 거버넌스를 비교하고, 기어츠(Geertz)의 ‘내향적 정교화(involution)’ 개념을 적용하여 대응 과정에서 나타나는 구조적 특 성과 회복력, 특히 농촌 공동체가 재난 대응 과정에서 제도와 생활 방식 을 점진적으로 세밀화하며 회복력을 강화하는 과정을 분석하였다. 필리 핀은 지역사회 참여를 강조하는 협력적 구조를, 베트남은 중앙집권적 체 계를 기반으로 한 신속 대응을 특징으로 한다. 분석 결과, 필리핀은 제도 개선과 더불어 사회적 자본을 활용한 회복력 강화가, 베트남은 중앙집권 적 조정과 신속 대응이 강점으로 나타났다. 두 사례는 반복적 자연재해 대응이 기술적·행정적 문제를 넘어 사회적·제도적 맥락에서 진화함을 보 여주며, 공동체 기반 회복력 정책 설계에 시사점을 제공한다.

In this paper, the structural optimization and experimental validation of lightweight, high stiffness rollers for roll-to-roll(R2R) processing of lithium metal electrodes are presented. Precise dimensional control of electrode thickness below 50㎛ is essential for next-generation high energy density batteries, yet elastic recovery during rolling hinders the achievement of target specifications. To address this challenge, finite element(FE) analysis was employed to determine the optimal rolling gap and roller geometry, and the results were verified through R2R experiments. Simulations indicated that a rolling gap of 153㎛ yielded a final sheet thickness of about 49.6㎛, meeting the design requirement. Experimental results confirmed the validity of the numerical model, with thickness measurements deviating less than ±10% from FE analysis predictions. These findings demonstrate that the proposed roller design not only ensures thickness precision but also improves system efficiency, offering practical guidelines for scalable lithium metal electrode manufacturing.

This study presents the design and application of an integrated control logic architecture for a 300BPD ES-SAGD(Expanding Solvent Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage) demonstration plant, aimed at ensuring operational stability and efficiency. With the global expansion of unconventional oil resource development, ES-SAGD is recognized as a technology advantageous for reducing viscosity and improving energy efficiency compared to conventional SAGD. In this research, the plant process was analyzed to identify key control variables and potential risk factors, and a control logic structure integrating supervisory and unit-level control was designed. The stability and reliability of the control logic were validated through Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation(HILS) and field implementation. The findings are expected to contribute to safer operation, reduced commissioning periods, and enhanced automation in future oil sands demonstration and commercial plants.

This study examines the deformation and stress characteristics of an aerospace turbine wheel under centrifugal, thermal and pressure loads. Design modification is focused on the neck of the disk, which is a structurally critical area. Increasing the neck thickness significantly reduces radial deformation from centrifugal force, while thermal and pressure-induced deformations remain nearly unchanged. Stress at the blade root is minimally affected by geometric changes, but the disk neck stresses decrease notably when the radius is between 3.25 and 4.00 mm. Beyond 4.00 mm, stress rises again due to a shift in the peak stress location to the rear side. Yielding is first observed at a 3.5 mm radius, where deformation is also reduced to 0.29 mm. This geometry thus offers the best balance between strength and deformation. The findings provide a method to determine optimal neck design for prescribed design conditions.

Active electronically scanned array (AESA) multi-function radars (MFRs) comprise numerous transmit/receive modules (TRMs) whose maximum temperature and temperature uniformity must be tightly controlled. This study proposes a new liquid-cooling-plate flow-channel design for an X-band AESA MFR: a two-layer straight channel incorporating multiple fins irregularly spaced along the flow channel. The proposed design (Type-4) is compared with three baseline channel designs. At the same coolant flow rate, Type-4 reduces the TRM maximum temperature by 28.2 K and the maximum inter-module temperature difference by 19.7 K relative to Type-1. However, the pressure drop increases by 726% because of the added internal surfaces and fins which are flow obstructions. A comprehensive thermo-hydraulic comparison, including pumping power criteria, is conducted over multiple flow-rate conditions. Overall performance was highest for Type-4, followed by Type-2, Type-3, and Type-1. When designs achieve similar maximum temperature and temperature difference with various coolant flowrate condition, Type-2 requires 83.6% less pumping power than Type-1, and Type-4 requires 33.8% less pumping power than Type-2.

To reduce the transient pressure oscillations (hunting) in pilot valves used in control systems of nuclear power plants, this study investigates the effect of orifice angle design using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A conical orifice geometry with a base radius of 1.25 mm and a length of 1 mm was modeled with varying angles (10°, 20°, and 30°). The models were analyzed using transient flow simulation in ANSYS CFX, applying a k-ω turbulence model to accurately capture near-wall flow characteristics. The results showed that larger orifice angles led to reduced pressure hunting, improving system stability. Additionally, velocity and pressure distributions demonstrated smoother flow and smaller fluctuations at higher orifice angles. The findings indicate that optimizing orifice angle is an effective strategy to suppress pressure hunting in pilot valve systems.

Marine mines are placed in major ports with high cargo volumes and military ports where naval vessels are anchored, and can pose a significant obstacle to naval operations. Thus, minesweeping is a very important operation to open up sea route for warships and merchant ships to enter and exit easily. This paper describes the design and testing of underwater speaker for sweeping acoustic mines. In order predict the performance of the underwater speaker, an acoustic analysis was performed with a unit force of 1N applied to the diaphragm. Then, the driving force and displacement were calculated to satisfy the target performance. Since acoustic testing using microphones can generate undesirable noise sources under anechoic conditions, the results of accelerometer measurements were converted to source levels to predict the results. During the land tests, a laser displacement sensor was simultaneously used to verify the validity of the accelerometer measurement results. Finally, marine testing confirmed that the full-frequency sound pressure levels of the underwater speaker satisfied the target performance.

WC–Mo₂C–Co cemented carbides were fabricated to investigate the effects of Mo₂C addition on microstructure and mechanical properties. Dual hard-phase design using WC and Mo₂C was employed to optimize the balance between hardness and toughness. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was conducted at various temperatures after ball milling, and 1300 °C for 5 min was identified as the optimized sintering condition, achieving complete densification and phase stability. The addition of Mo₂C refined the microstructure by suppressing abnormal WC grain growth through preferential dissolution of Mo₂C into the Co binder. Hardness increased up to 1769 Hv30 due to grain refinement and solid-solution strengthening, while promoted η-phase formation and reduced fracture toughness.The 27Mo₂C composition exhibited the most balanced combination of hardness and toughness. These results demonstrate that controlled Mo₂C addition enables dual hard-phase strengthening and microstructure optimization in WC–Mo₂C–Co carbides for advanced cutting and forming applications.

세마글루타이드(Wegovy®), 티르제파타이드(Mounjaro®) 등 GLP-1 수용체 작용제는 최근 비만 및 제2형 당뇨병 치료에서 핵심적인 약제로 자리매김하였으나, 복용자들은 여전히 불규칙한 간식 섭취 등 생활습관 요인으로 인해 식후 혈당 스파이크를 경험한다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제 해결을 위한 문헌 기반의 개념적 식이 교육 모델을 제안 하였다. 문헌고찰 결과, 바나바잎 추출물의 주요 성분인 코로솔 산은 포도당 수송 억제 및 인슐린 감수성 개선 효과가 보 고되었으며, 렌틸콩은 저당지수 식품으로 혈당 상승 완화 및 지속적 포만감 유지에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 땅콩은 단백질과 불포화지방산이 풍부하여 포만감을 증진시키고, 간식 대체식으로 활용 가능성이 높은 식품으 로 평가되었다. 이러한 과학적 근거를 종합하여, 본 연구에서는 렌틸콩 ·바나바잎·땅콩의 복합 기능을 통합한 기능성표시식품(렌 틸라 땅콩버터)을 활용한 GLP-1 사용자 맞춤형 식이 교 육 모델을 설계하였다. 본 모델은 ① 기능성표시식품을 이 용한 간식 치환 개념, ② 식품표시(라벨 리터러시) 교육 모듈, ③ 향후 검증 가능한 평가 지표 후보군(SMBG, 포 만감, 간식 치환율 등)을 포함하는 구조로 제시된다. 본 논문은 새로운 인체대상 데이터를 수집하지 않는 문 헌 기반 연구로서, 향후 IRB 승인을 거친 파일럿 연구를 통해 모델의 실제 효과를 검증할 필요가 있다. 이러한 접 근은 GLP-1 사용자들의 생활습관 개선과 기능성표시식품 제도의 활용성 제고를 통해 약물치료를 보완하는 새로운 식이 전략의 기초를 제공하며, 공중보건적 관점에서도 의 미 있는 시사점을 가진다.

Building on a preliminary study that analyzed the Chunyanggyo site excavation and the principal of jointing systems of the members, this paper develops and specifies a concrete restoration design. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) Core structural concept: Chunyanggyo is interpreted as a flat-deck stone bridge in which guitile shaped stones (귀틀형 석재) installed above and below the sailboat-shaped pier (교돈) interlock with diagonal brace stones (sa-teng-seok), thereby shortening the length of the beams. By tying these guitile shaped stones to those set over the intermediate piers, the span structure is completed. 2) Module and dimensions: Reviewing pier spacing and principal member lengths led to a design module of 290㎜ (so 1尺=290㎜). The bridge length is set to 190尺, and the intervals among the three central supports to 50 尺, thereby regularizing the plan. Each structural member was designed on the basis of standardized modules. 3) Detailed jointing: Installation positions for the guitile shaped stones were determined from the grooves and morphologies of the stones. 1:2 coupling pattern is adopted and treated as one “set”; across the three piers the structural series is arranged 2:1:2 sets. For the sa-teng-seok, the inclination of elements jointed is set to 52°. 4) Superstructure design: Parapet base stones clamp the floor stones together with eaves-profiled members, and the parapet composition is designed with reference to contemporary stone bridges. The deck width is 5.4m. The deck surface consists of four rows of floor stones.

본 연구에서는 TMD 설계 방법에 따른 배관의 지진응답 감소효과를 분석하였다. 구체적으로, 실제 원전 배관에 대한 진동대 시험 결과를 바탕으로 수치 배관 모델을 수립하고 검증하였다. 검증된 배관 모델을 바탕으로 TMD 설치 위치를 결정하고, 여러 가지 방법을 사용하여 TMD 설계값을 도출하였다. 더불어, 본 연구에서는 기존 설계식들을 기하평균한 값을 TMD 설계값으로 활용하였다. 최종적으로, 기존 배관을 기반으로 설계된 TMD가 지진의 무작위성과 지진 및 대상물질의 불확실성 아래에서도 효용성을 검증하였다. 또한, 연구에서 제안한 기하평균 모델을 기반으로 설계된 TMD의 작동성을 확인하였다. 결과적으로, TMD 설계 공식 및 방법에 따른 성능 차이를 비교한 결과, 기하평균 모델의 경우, 기존 설계식들의 특징을 포괄하는 양상이 보였다. 이러한 기하평균 모델은 추후 반복 적인 수치해석을 수행할 때 초기값으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 더불어, 이러한 분석 결과는 향후 원전 배관 계통의 TMD 설계 를 통해 내진 성능을 개선하는 데 유용한 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.