In this study, the effect of dry shrinkage of concrete pavement due to seasonal changes was analyzed by comparing the results of finite element analysis with the temperature and strain measurements at Incheon airport pavement. To measure the behavior of slab by environmental condition in site, static strain gauges and thermometers were installed. To predict changes in the properties of concrete slab, experiments were conducted in site as well as in the lab. The considered parameters of FEA were pavement conditions according to seasonal and material properties change. The results of field measurements and the strain by FEA analysis were different in terms of the effects of drying shrinkage. This is due to humidity changes not applied to input values during FEA analysis. In this study, the difference between the results of field measurements and the results of the finite element model analysis was used to identify the drying shrinkage occurring on the concrete slab. Long-term data analysis in the future will enable the analysis of the trends in drying shrinkage in airport concrete pavement. This study was supported by Incheon International Airport Corporation(BEX00625).

Recently, the incidence and magnitude of earthquakes have been continuously increasing. NFPA 13 requires that hydroponics fire extinguishing system pipelines apply seismic isolation. Stainless steel joints have been newly developed to replace these seismic isolation joints. Therefore, in this study, a nonlinear finite element model of a pipeline with Stainless Power Joint was developed based on experimental data, and finite element analysis was performed by applying hydrostatic pressure and cyclic loading.

In this study, finite element (FE) analysis was performed to evaluate the seismic performance of the water treatment plant, which is a major state of the art water treatment plant, to predict tensile cracks and compressive failure. The FE model simulation for two facilities of the water purification plant was made considering the initial conditions, boundary conditions and water effect. For the nonlinear dynamic analysis, seismic analysis was performed using ground acceleration. Tensile cracks and compressive failure are analyzed and the effects on the structures are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, tensile cracks can be predicted to occur in the main structure.

Construction of irregular-shaped concrete structures requires a lot of time and money. To reduce the cost and time, the F3D(Free-Form Formwork 3D Printer) technology was adopted in manufacturing EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) formwork for irregular-shaped concrete structure. To design EPS formwork precisely, lateral pressure acting on irregular-shaped formwork and deformation of EPS form liner should be evaluated. However, in current Korean formwork standard, there are no standards for irregular-shaped formwork as it includes a lot of complex variables. For this reason, several researchers developed 3-dimensional finite element analysis model to calculate lateral pressure exerted by fresh concrete. In this study, deformation of irregular-shaped EPS formwork and lateral pressure acting on formwork was examined using finite element analysis model.

비선형 유한요소해석 결과를 이용하여 철근콘크리트 부재를 설계를 하고자 할 경우 위험단면에서의 휨모멘트를 산정하여 야 한다. 본 논문에서는 연속체 요소를 사용한 철근콘크리트 유한요소해석 결과를 이용한 휨 모멘트 계산식을 제시하고 유한요소의 변위 함수의 차수에 따른 최적의 요소 크기를 제안하였다. 해석으로부터 산출된 응력을 적분하여 구한 휨 모멘트 와 정역학적 평형 조건을 이용하여 계산한 휨 모멘트를 비교하였다. 응력을 적분하는 방법에서는 철근에 의한 응력과 콘크 리트의 응력을 모두 고려하였다. 또한 유한요소해석으로 산출된 응력의 정확도에 영향을 주는 여러 요인들을 분석하고 적용 요소의 변위 함수와 요소 크기를 다르게 설정하여 그 영향을 확인하였다. 해석의 목적이 부재의 거동을 대략적으로 살펴보 는 목적이라면 1차 변위 함수를 사용하고 요소 크기가 해석 모델의 단면 높이의 25%정도라도 적절하다고 판단된다. 정확도가 높은 부재의 내력을 도출해야 할 경우에는 2차 변위 함수를 사용하고 요소 크기를 12.5%로 할 것을 제안한다.

The F3D(Free-Form Formwork 3D Printer) technology that manufactures EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) formworks for irregular-shaped concrete structures by 3D printers was developed to reduce the cost and time. Because of weak strength and low elastic modulus of the EPS, structural performance including lateral pressure by fresh concrete of the formwork that consisted of EPS should be investigated. In order to calculate lateral pressures acting on formwork, several variables including sizes, shapes of formwork, tangential force(fricition) between fresh concrete and formwork, and material properties of fresh concrete should be considered. However, current regulations have not considered the properties of concrete, only focused on vertical formwork. Galleo introduced 3-dimensional finite element analysis models to calculate lateral pressure on formwork. Thus, proposed finite element analysis model based on previous studies were verified for vertical formwork and irregular-shaped formwork. The test results were compared with those by FEM analysis. As a result, the test agrees well with the analysis.

PURPOSES: In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model for airport concrete pavement was developed using the commercial program ABAQUS. Users can select an analysis method and set the range of input parameters to reflect actual conditions such as environmental loading.METHODS : The geometrical shape of the FEA model was chosen by considering the concrete pavement located in the third-stage construction site of Incheon International Airport. Incompatible eight-node elements were used for the FEA model. Laboratory test results for the concrete specimens fabricated at the construction site were used as material properties of the concrete slab. The material properties of the cement-treated base suggested by the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) manual were used as those of the lean concrete subbase. In addition, preceding studies and pavement evaluation reports of Incheon International Airport were referred for the material properties of asphalt base and subgrade. The kinetic friction coefficient between the concrete slab and asphalt base acquired from a preceding study was used for the friction coefficient between the layers. A nonlinear temperature gradient according to slab depth was used as an input parameter of environmental loading, and a quasistatic method was used to analyze traffic loading. The average load transfer efficiency obtained from an Heavy falling Weight Deflectomete(HWD) test was converted to a spring constant between adjacent slabs to be used as an input parameter. The reliability of the FEA model developed in this study was verified by comparing its analysis results to those of the FEAFAA model.RESULTS : A series of analyses were performed for environmental loading, traffic loading, and combined loading by using both the model developed in this study and the FEAFAA model under the same conditions. The stresses of the concrete slab obtained by both analysis models were almost the same. An HWD test was simulated and analyzed using the FEA model developed in this study. As a result, the actual deflections at the center, mid-edge, and corner of the slab caused by the HWD loading were similar to those obtained by the analysis.CONCLUSIONS : The FEA model developed in this study was judged to be utilized sufficiently in the prediction of behavior of airport concrete pavement.

Although most of the automobile bodies are made of steel, the application of aluminum alloy sheet with high strength is under consideration for the development of environmentally friendly lightweight body for fuel economy improvement and carbon dioxide emission reduction. In the case of some inner plates, application of magnesium alloy sheet is examined. TRB plate has been studied mainly for weight reduction and rigidity reinforcement of steel plate parts. Recently, research on aluminum TRB rolled plate for light and environment friendly automobile application has been started, It is expected that the development of eco - friendly TRB rolling material made of light alloy will increase as the importance of light weight body for future energy efficiency increases. Therefore, in this study, we tried to obtain the technology to improve the quality of the product by pre - verifying the cooling performance of the hot forming process through the heat flow analysis and evaluating the cooling performance through the temperature distribution analysis. As a result, it was found that the temperature distribution through the flow velocity problem and the flow of the cooling channel can influence the quality of the final product through different heat distribution and cooling time depending on the shape of the mold and the product.

This paper uses finite element analysis to analyze the equivalent stress and fatigue duration distributed in the timing belt pulley of the rotating part. The pulley structure used for analysis was categorized into one body type and separate axis type and their characteristics were analyzed when materials S45C and SCM440-870C were applied. A static structural analysis and durability analysis show that when external forces are applied to the pulley, the separate axis structure is structurally safer and more favorable in terms of fatigue, compared to the one body. In addition, the separate axis structure using SCM440-870C material was found to have the best safety factor at 10.4 and infinite fatigue life. These findings are expected to be useful when manufacturing timing belt pulleys.

고준위폐기물 처분용기를 처분장에서 처분 시 사고로 운송차량에서 추락낙하 하여 지면과 충돌하는 경우 처분용기에 가 해지는 충격력에 의해 처분용기에 응력이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 고준위폐기물 처분용기의 구조안전성 설계과정의 일환으 로 이와 같은 충격력에 의하여 여러 가지 처분용기 모델에 발생하는 응력에 대한 비교연구를 수행하였다. 연구의 주된 내용 은 이와 같은 비교연구를 통하여 구조적으로 건전한 처분용기의 설계에 관한 것이다. 처분장에서 운반차량으로 처분용기 운 반 중 사고로 추락낙하 하여 지면과의 충돌 시에 처분용기에 가해지는 충격력은 기구동역학해석 상용 컴퓨터코드인 RecurDyn으로 구하였다. 이렇게 구한 충격력에 의하여 여러 가지 처분용기 모델에 발생하는 응력 및 변형은 유한요소해석 상용 컴퓨터코드인 NISA를 이용하여 구하였다. 이 응력과 변형 값들의 비교 검토를 통하여 구조적으로 건전한 처분용기에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과 처분용기 내부 고준위폐기물 다발을 감싸는 외곽 벽의 두께가 두꺼워 질수록 또는 처분 용기의 직경이 커질수록 처분용기에 발생하는 응력이 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 처분용기에 가해지는 충격력도 처 분용기의 직경이 커짐에 따라 증가하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 단위 충격력 당 발생하는 변형의 크기는 직경이 증가함에 따 라 감소하였다. 따라서 결론적으로 직경이 증가할수록 처분용기는 구조적으로 건전함을 알 수 있었다.

This study performs finite Element stress analysis of flange connections at noise barriers with circular steel tubes, which have a light weight. Subsequent numerical simulation results for three types of models (standard, double, and standard models strengthen by ribs) present that the applied connections for target noise barriers constructed show suitable structural performance. In this paper, the existing finite element stress analysis using the ABAQUS program is further extended to study the local stress distribution of the noise barriers with new type circular steel tubes. The numerical results for various parameters are verified by comparing different types with stresses occurred in the noise barrier from the numerical simulation.

In recent years, the number of earthquakes has increased worldwide. There has been an extreme increase on the Korea Peninsula, which is considered a safety zone for earthquakes. In particular, in the event of earthquakes, most structures on the Korea Peninsula are severely damaged, because most are not designed to withstand them. Damage to and destruction of civil structures, such as bridges, nuclear facilities, and dams, is worse than that of other structures. It is necessary to evaluate and predict the extent of damage by earthquake magnitude, as the magnitude of earthquakes is increasing as well as the frequency. A major feature of the occurrence of earthquakes is uncertainty. For this reason, it is necessary to adopt a stochastic approach, and studies using this approach are increasing. However, although there have been several studies on bridges and nuclear facilities, there have been few studies on probabilistic seismic risk evaluation for multi-functional weirs. Thus, this study presents 3D multi-functional weirs and performs a time history analysis by using LS-DYNA, a general structure analysis program. Probabilistic seismic fragility assessment is conducted by Monte Carlo simulation.

As demands for freeform structure were gradually increased, researches about various shapes of claddings have been conducted. Particularly, claddings made from concrete easily made complex shapes. Because of this advantage, many researches about manufacturing methods and light weight of concrete mainly have been conducted. For example ALC (Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete) was the most popular claddings that had a great strength without aggregate and were cured at high temperature and pressure conditions. This paper showed multi-layer reinforcement system, exactly 5 layers polymer reinforcement method, that consisted of 3D printing material with low weight and high performance mechanical properties. Finite element analysis were performed to predict the maximum deformations loaded by wind and self-weight. Joints of analysis model were simplified as the pin joint. The variable of this analysis was the material arrangement of 3 layers located at center among exterior layer. Finally, the maximum deformations of analysis results were compared with the limitations of claddings.

At modern mechanical and automotive industry, the material with light weight proceeds in order to thr environmental issue and high performance. Machine part is fastened with numbers of bolts and nuts. Generally, the metal part at mechanical structure is fastened with bolt and nut through puncturing. But it is difficult to puncture at CFRP with the property of fiber structure like the general metal. In this study, the fracture behavior is investigated by the hole and crack at the plate of the unidirectional CFRP due to ply angle. The thickness of plate is 2 mm. Two laminates with the varied ply angles are layered and eight plies are made. The hole is placed at the center of plate and the cracks with the length of 2 mm are generated on both left and right sides from the hole. The finite element program of ANSYS is carried out in order to analyze the CFRP with fiber layer. As analysis, the maximum reaction force and equivalent stress are investigated due the angle of ply. The reaction force in case of the stacking angle of 90° is shown to be greatest among all specimens.

In this study, nonlinear finite element analysis based on the Modified Compression Field Theory has been conducted to evaluate shear strength of RC walls with opening. On the analysis, reinforcement ratio within development length of rebars nearby the opening was reduced in the model in order to investigate the effect of opening on shear strength of RC shear walls. The nonlinear finite element analysis has been verified through comparison with the test result in literature. Through the verification, it was investigated that the analysis considering the development length of rebars well reflected the effect of an opening on shear strength of RC shear walls while current design provisions did not reasonably consider one.

본 연구는 다목적 관리기의 동력전달 시스템이 가혹한 작동환경에서 겪는 응력상황에 대한 분석을 유한요소해석을 수행함으로써, 기계요소의 안전성을 평가하는 한편, 개선 방안을 도출하고자 진행되었다. 엔진으로부터 작업기에 이르는 과정에 존재하는 동력전달 시스템은 엔진의 출력이 과도하게 인가될 경우 매우 높은 수준의 응력을 나타낼 우려가 있으며 따라서 이와 같은 가혹한 조건을 고려하기 위하여 동력전달 시스템의 출력축이 정지된 상황을 가정하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 볼클러치(Ball-clutch)와 PTO 조인트(Power take-off joint)에 대하여 응력해석을 수행한 결과 허용접촉응력 이상의 높은응력이 국부적으로 발생한다는 사실을 확인하였고, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 접촉부의 형상을 변경하여 추가적인 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 접촉부의 모서리에 일정 반경의 모깎기를 적용하거나 기계요소의 형상을 변화시켜 접촉면의 위치를 바꿈으로서 과도한 응력집중을 방지할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 보다 우수한 내구성 및 신뢰성을 지닌 다목적 관리기를 개발할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this research is to determine the integrity of pavement structures for areas where voids exist. Furthermore, we conducted the study of voided-area analysis and remaining life prediction for pavement structures using finite element method. METHODS : To determine the remaining life of the existing voided areas under asphalt concrete pavements, field and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were conducted. Comparison methods were used to have better accuracy in the finite element method (FEM) analysis compared to the measured surface displacements due to the loaded trucks. In addition, the modeled FEM used in this study was compared with well-known software programs. RESULTS : The results show that a good agreement on the analyzed and measured displacements can be obtained through comparisons of the surface displacement due to loaded trucks. Furthermore, the modeled FEM program was compared with the available pavement-structure software programs, resulting in the same values of tensile strains in terms of the thickness of asphalt concrete layers. CONCLUSIONS: The study, which is related to voided-area analysis and remaining life prediction using FEM for pavement structures, was successfully conducted based on the comparison between our methods and the sinkhole grade used in Japan.

This study mainly evaluate the aseismic performance of the existing intake tower structure, which is one of the national important infra structures, on the basis of the refined finite element (FE) analysis results. The realistic evaluation for structural damage was conducted by using the nonlinear material model that takes tension and compression strength of deteriorate concrete into consideration during FE modeling. In addition, not only tension crack but also compression crushing was analyzed by utilizing field contour functions provided in the program during nonlinear dynamic analyses when peak ground acceleration (PGA) occurred. After observing FE analysis results, it can be shown that the damage of the intake tower is the most likely to occur at the water level and the base support.