This study aimed to address the increasing demand for technologies preventing mushroom fly damage. By monitoring the annual occurrence patterns of pests over several years and accumulating data, we conducted an analysis to evaluate the efficacy of preventive measures applied before the surge in mushroom fly infestation, typically observed in May. For preemptive control, physical measures involved installing air curtains at cultivation facility entrances and placing sticky traps and insect traps around entry points to block external entry and reduce internal insect density. Additionally, we applied an organic agricultural material, Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract, weekly alongside chemical control measures. To assess the reduction in mushroom fly populations, yellow sticky traps (15×25 cm) were placed at three locations within the mushroom cultivation facility, and the occurrence patterns before and after implementing preventive measures were compared. Compared to conventional practices, the application of preventive techniques resulted in a significant reduction, with a 60% decrease from 15 levels of mushroom flies/m² to 6 levels of mushroom flies/m² in May and a 40% decrease from 10 levels of mushroom flies/m² to 6 levels of mushroom flies/m² in June. While achieving over 50% efficacy during the peak mushroom fly season with preventive measures, we identified complementary actions such as blocking external sources (gaps in cultivation facility doors) and maintaining cleanliness around cultivation facilities (proper disposal of spent substrate) for further improvement. Comprehensive analysis and safety studies, including correlation analysis with contaminants and pathogens, are recommended to ensure the widespread adoption of mushroom fly preventive techniques for safe and stable mushroom production in the agricultural sector.

In general, trees showing water stress planted in a harsh environment like urban landscapes are weakened and can be easily infested by insect borers, such as cerambycid and curculionid beetles. Prunus × yedoensis constitutes a significant portion of urban street trees in Korea and there has been an increasing incidence of damage caused by red-necked longhorned beetle (RLB), Aromia bungii. When water stress is incresed, the production of resin, a natural defense mechanism against the infestation of Aromia bungii larvae, can be decreased that impact on larval survival rates. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between infestation rate of RLB and water stress of cherry trees. We counted number of larval entrance and adult emergence holes in 50 trees and monitored adult’s behaviors during daytime. In addition, we measured water stress using a pressure chamber for each tree.

딱정벌레목(Coleoptera) 거저리과(Tenebrionidae)에 속하는 외미거저리(Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer))는 저장곡물해충의 하나로 알 려져 있지만, 대부분 이미 피해를 받은 곡물을 섭식하기 때문에 경제적으로 심각한 위협을 초래할 정도는 아니다. 그러나 이 외미거저리 해충은 많은 나라의 가금산업에서 매우 중요한 해충으로 간주되고 있다. 우리나라의 육계농장에서도 외미거저리가 발생하여 문제를 야기하고 있음이 확 인되었고, 이 해충의 발생으로 야기되는 문제로는 육계농장의 보온효과 및 병아리의 전반적인 활력을 떨어뜨리고, 병원균을 전염시킴으로써 가 금업자에게 상당한 경제적 손실을 가져다주고 있다. 한편, 육계농장에서 이 외미거저리 개체군을 한 가지 방법으로 완전히 제거하기가 쉽지 않기 때문에 적절한 방제방법을 개발하기 위한 노력이 절실하다.

간흡충(Clonorchis sinensis)은 우리나라에서 인체 감염율이 가장 높은 기생충이며, 이는 담수어 류를 중간숙주로 삼는다. 따라서 강 유역에 서식하는 담수어류를 대상으로 간흡충의 메타세르 카리아(Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae, CsMc)가 감염되어 있는지를 조사한 연구가 많이 수 행되었으나 호수에 서식하는 물고기를 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 주요 인 공호수인 소양호, 남양호, 안동호, 춘천호에서 2016년부터 2017년까지 잉어과어류를 채집하여 CsMc의 감염 여부를 조사하였다. 이생흡충류의 메타세르카리아는 남양호에서 채집한 치리 및 붕어와, 소양호에서 채집한 피라미와 끄리에서 관찰되었다. 간흡충에 특이적인 프라이머를 사 용하여 PCR을 수행한 결과, 남양호의 치리에서 관찰된 것이 CsMc 이었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 주요 인공호수에 서식하는 잉어과어류에서 CsMc의 감염 실태에 대한 정보를 제공 하고 있으며, 남양호의 치리에서 CsMc 감염을 처음으로 보고하고 있다는 것에 의의가 있다.

While the darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is considered a pest of stored products, it does not pose a significant economic threat to this industry. The grains these beetles feed on are often already damaged. However, the beetle is considered the foremost premise pest in the poultry industry in many countries of the world. Recently, the darking beetle has also infested in broiler chicken houses of Korea. The problems caused by this pest are destroying their insulative capability, lowering chick’s overall performance and transmitting pathogenic organisms, and have been substantial economic losses to poultry producers. Therefore, we surveyed the status of infestation and damage of this pest in broiler chicken houses. Because there is no simple one step process that will completely eliminate darkling beetle populations from broiler facilities, we would like to outline further studies on the proper control measures.

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is one of the most destructive pest of thin-skinned fruits such as blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, and cherry. We tested effect of fruit damage on the infestation of D. suzukii by using partially peeled blueberry fruits in assays of behavioral choice and development. In choice test, D. suzukii preferred partially peeled blueberry fruit than normal. But in development test, we did not found difference in adult emergence rate between normal and partially peeled blueberry fruit.

In freshwater ecosystems, the types of fish parasites are diverse and routes of infection are complicated because they maintain the life cycle in a variety of host animals, The present study investigated the infestation characteristics of parasites occurring in abdominal cavity of Zacco platypus in Seom River from February to October 2007. At the same time, four streams (Gam Stream, Daepo Stream, Yangsan Stream, and Yulha Stream) were also surveyed for the reference of fish infection. Aquatic insects and shellfish predominated benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages by 90.4% and 7.7% of relative abundance, respectively. Aquatic insects were composed mostly of Ephemeroptera (46.8%) and Trichoptera (29.8%), and shellfish was Gastropods. Freshwater fish was most abundant Cyprinid and Z. platypus by 85.7% and 48.8%, respectively. Among waterfowl, Anas poecilorhyncha and Egretta garzetta were dominant in August. Fish parasites observed in the abdominal cavity of Z. platypus was classified as Ligula intestinalis, belonging to Phylum Platyhelminthes Cestoda Pseudophyllidae. L. intestinalis was observed from Z. platypus in October, as the number of one individual in the Seom River and fifteen individuals in the Yangsan Stream. Infection rate of plerocercoid ranged 1.4~15.8%. We discussed the relationship between the life cycle of the parasite and the host, and hope our results to be useful for understanding the ecology of the fish abdominal parasites in Korean river ecosystem.

작물 재배 시 주요 해충 발생에 대해 한두 달 이상 앞선 계절전망이 가능하다면 농가의 해충관리 의사결정이 보다 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 해충 발생과 통계적으로 유의미한 원격상관관계에 있는 기후현상을 찾기 위해 Moving Window Regression (MWR) 기법을 활용하였다. 벼멸구의 발생과 비래는 장기간에 걸쳐 여러 지역에서 연속적으로 일어나는 사건이기 때문에 비슷한 시공간적 규모 를 갖는 기후현상과 통계적인 연관성을 가질 가능성이 높아 본 연구의 대상 해충으로 선택하였다. MWR 통계 분석의 반응변수로써 1983년부터 2014년까지 국내 벼멸구 발생면적 자료를 사용하였고, 10개의 기후모형에서 생산되는 10개의 기후변수를 예보 선행시간별로 추출하여 설명변 수로 사용하였다. 최종적으로 선정된 각 MWR 모형의 특정 시기와 지역의 기후변수는 연간 벼멸구 발생면적 자료와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관 계를 보였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 개발한 MWR 통계 모형을 통해 국내 벼멸구 발생 위험도에 따른 선제적 대응을 위한 벼멸구 계절전망이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

A seasonal outlook for crop insect pests is most valuable when it provides accurate information for timely management decisions. In this study, we investigated the probable relationship between climatic phenomena and pest infestations in Korea using two statistical methods. Brown planthopper was selected because of its migration characteristics, which fits well with the concept of our statistical modelling – utilizing a long-term, multi-regional influence of selected climatic phenomena to predict a dominant biological event at certain time and place. The moving window regression (MWR) model showed high correlation between the national infestation trends of brown planthopper and some tempo-spatial climatic variables near its sequential migration path, while the climate index regression (CIR) model resulted in a relatively low correlation compared to the MWR model. Overall, the statistical models developed in this study showed a promising predictability for rice brown planthopper infestation in Korea, although the dynamical relationships between the infestation and selected climatic phenomena need to be further elucidated.

Several Mites are currently the most serious threat to the world bee industry. The ectoparasitic honey bee mites was originally confined to the Asian honey bee(Apis cerana etc.). Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps clareae has plagued European honey bees, Apis mellifera. Differences in mite tolerance are reported between two honey bee species A. mellifera and A. cerana. We were amplified antimicrobial peptide cDNA genes (Defencin, Abaecin, Royalisin, Apidaecin and Hymenoptaecin) by RT-PCR. We explored the transcriptional response to mite parasitism in A. mellifera 4th instars larvae which differ in susceptibility to V. destructor and T. clareae, comparing parasitized and non-parasitized 4th instars larvae (worker and Drone) from same hive. Differential gene expression of worker bees and Drone bees induced by mites (V. destructor and T. clareae) infection was investigated by northern blot. Mites (V. destructor and T. clareae) parasitism caused changes in the expression of genes related to sex distinction. Bees tolerant to mites (V. destructor and T. clareae) were mainly characterized by differences in the expression of genes regulating antimicrobial gene expression. It provides a first step toward better understanding molecular expression involved in this differential sex distinction host-parasite relationship. We were detected bee virus in A. mellifera, comparing parasitized and non-parasitized 4th instars larvae (worker and Drone). Therefore, this result was demonstrated that mites were another possible route of horizontal transmission, as several viruses were detected in mites and their hosts.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease by transferring its DNA into host plants. Although Agrobacterium can be popularly used for genetic engineering, above-ground insect infestation in Agrobacterium gall formation has not been investigated. Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were exposed to a sucking insect whitefly infestation and a chemical trigger, benzothiadiazole (BTH), for 7 days, and these exposed plants were inoculated with Agrobacterium. We evaluated how whitefly infestation manipulated gall disease by Agrobacterium in planta and in vitro. Insect whitefly infested plants exhibited at least a 2-fold reduction in gall formation on both stem and crown root. Silencing isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1), required for salicylic acid synthesis, compromised gall formation, indicating an involvement of salicylic acid in whitefly-derived plant defense against Agrobacterium. Endogenous salicylic acid content was augmented in whitefly-infested plants by Agrobacterium inoculation. However, infestation with whitefly did not alter Agrobacterium root colonization but reduced expression levels of genes involved in Agrobacterium virulence and transformation efficiency. Above-ground whitefly infestation therefore elicits systemic responses throughout the plant. Our findings provide new insights into insect-mediated leaf-root intra-communication and a framework to understand a general principle in multitrophic interactions in nature.

Apple borers such as oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Totricidae), and peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) can reduce the yield and its quality if not managed properly. Even peach fruit moth infestation in harvested apple could produce quarantine problem in exportation. We investigated the temporal distribution of apple borers infestation in an apple orchard where the infestation level of fruit was around 95% from September to early December, 2010. Every week, 150 apples were harvested from the apple orchard in Giran, Andong, Korea and 50 apples were cut to monitor the number of larval infestation. At the same time another 100 apples were kept in plastic container inside and outside the laboratory 50 each to check the escape of the infested larvae for overwintering cocoon formation. All larvae collected were identified based on the morphology and also verified by DNA sequence. The study indicates that the numbers of the infested larvae increased from September to October second week and then slightly decreased until early December with similar number of holes per apple. The holes produced by the escaping larvae were mostly found on dorsal side of the apple, but less on basal portion. Most of the infested larvae escaped from apple during late October to early November. Based on morphological characters such as anal comb, crocket and pupation shelter, the collected larvae were identified. 42.31% of larvae were G.molesta, 52.59% of larvae were C.sasakii and 5.10% were other species not identified.

Chrysanthemum flower model trap developed by modifying an artificial yellow chrysanthemum flower was reported to be more attractive to flower thrips than a commercial yellow sticky trap. The installation of the traps (20 traps per 50 m2 plot), especially, reduced the seasonal populations of Frankliniella intonsa Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on strawberry flowers in greenhouse by 82% compared to the untreated control. In this study, we tested if the installation of the flower model traps can reduce thrips population on a red pepper field located in Seokdong, Andong. The pepper field was treated two times with pesticides during the period of experiment. The traps were installed in plant canopy at different densities (0, 5, 10, 20 traps) in 20 plots (3×5 m2 each) using a completely randomized design. Population of thrips was examined on the collected pepper flowers from 1 July to 29 July in 2009. Thrips found on the flowers were all F. intonsa. Significance effect of treatment and sampling date was found from repeated-measure analysis of variance. The highest density of traps significantly reduced female and male F. intonsa population by 60% and 46% compared to the control, respectively. However, no difference in immature population was found among the treatments. These results indicate flower model trap can be an additional tool for the management of flower thrips on field red pepper.

Fifty potato cultivars were screened for potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas infestation degree in the field. Aphid honey dew secretion and contents of foliar substances (glycoalkaloids, total nitrogen, Ca, K and Mg) of the cultivars were measured in the laboratory to analyze the correlation between infestation degrees and those factors. The number of aphids ranged from 4.1 to 31.4 per five leaves. The lower density (less than 5 aphids) was found on cvs. Jidose, Recent, and Sebago. The aphid secreted highest (40.3 droplets) and lowest (15.7 droplets) honeydew on cvs. Jopoong and Anco, respectively. Degree of infestation is positively correlated to glycoalkaloids and total nitrogen contents of the potato leaf.