본 연구는 1인 가구구성원과 다인 가구구성원 간에 주거환경 만족도 차이를 규명하고, 반려동물이 1인 가구구성원의 주거환경 만족에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검증하는 것이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 ‘2022년 서울서베이 가구주조사’ 원시 데이터로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 그리고 SPSS 21.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 상관관계분석, T- 검정, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 주거환경 만족도는 1인 가구구성원 보 다 다인 가구구성원이 더 높았다. 둘째, 1인 가구구성원의 경우 반려동물을 소유할수록 주거환경 만족도가 증가하였다. 셋째, 1인 가구구성원의 경우 반려동물(개, 고양이 제외) 수가 증가할수록 주거환경 만족도가 감소하였다. 연구결과에 근거하여 1인 가구구성원의 주거환경 만족도 향상을 위한 방안으로써 개나 고양이와 같은 반려동물 소유의 필요성을 제안하였다.

Considering that the number of middle-aged single-person households is increasing, this study investigates dietary behaviors, nutrient intake, and mental health according to household type. Data were procured from the 2015-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Totally, 5,466 participants aged 50-64 years were classified into 2 groups: a household with one member was defined as a single-person household, and households with two or more members were described as multi-person households. Single-person households comprised 10.63% of the total, with a higher average age, and lower income and economic levels than multi-person households. Compared to multiperson households, single-person households had a higher frequency of skipping breakfast, eating alone, and dining out, the moderately and severely food insecure group was more than 5 times, and nutrient intake and dietary quality were poorer. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (ORs) of depressive symptoms were 2.35 times (95% CI: 1.39-3.96), and suicide ideation was 1.95 times (95% CI: 1.35-2.82) in single-person compared to multi-person households. Our results lead us to conclude that poor dietary intake in middle-aged single-person households affects the mental health, and the above factors should be considered when framing the dietary policy.

본 연구는 중장년층 1인가구의 사회자본이 삶의 만족도에 어떠한 영 향을 미치는지 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널의 16차 자료 (2021년도)를 활용하여 40세이상 64세 이하 중장년층 344명을 최종 분 석대상으로 선정하였다. 분석방법은 SPSS 26.0을 활용하여 위계적 회 귀분석 등을 실시하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중장년 층 1인가구의 삶의 만족도는 사회자본의 수준에 따라 다르게 나타나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 사회자본의 하위요인 중 네트워크만 중장년층 1인가구의 삶의 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반 면, 신뢰와 호혜성은 삶의 만족에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났 다. 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 중장년층 1인가구의 사회자본 축적과 삶의 만족도 증진을 위한 정책적, 실천적 방안을 제안하였다.

In this study, data from the 7th (2016~2018) and 8th (2019) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used, which included 5,325 subjects. Health behavior, dietary and nutrient intake status, physical measurement and biochemical characteristics, and risk factors for elderly related chronic diseases were classified and analyzed according to the changing composition of single households and other households in the current society. As a result, the ratio of current smokers and drinkers in young adult single households, walking less than 30 minutes per day, subjective health status was poor, breakfast rate less than three times per week, eating out frequency more than once a day, lipid intake ratio to total calories, saturation fatty acid intake were significantly higher. In addition, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher. However, dietary fiber intake level was significantly lower. The results for hypertension, which is the representative chronic disease that causes old age-related chronic diseases, were significantly higher in single households (ORs=1.400 (95% CI: 1.095, 1.791), p=0.007). Although young adults may not have showed particularly serious health problems yet, education is believed as important to recognize and prevent age-related disease risk factors.

본 연구는 노인 1인 가구의 주거문제에 주목하여 최저주거기준 미달가구의 특성을 파악하는데 목적을 두고 한국복지패널 11차 자료를 이용하여 노인 1인 가구 1,504명을 대 상으로 분석하였다. 최저주거기준 미달가구와 충족가구로 나누어 비교분석한 결과, 인구 사회학적 특성에 있어 두 집단은 연령, 학력, 공적연금보유 여부, 월소득, 주관적 건강상태, 우울증 여부, 가족관계만족도, 사회적 친분관계 만족도에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 주거 특성에 있어 주택유형, 주택소유 여부, 주거위치, 주택관련서비스 경험과 주거만족도에서 두 집단 간 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 노인 1인 가구 중에서도 최저주거기준을 미달하는 노인 1인 가구는 생활 전반에서 더욱 취약한 저소득⋅고위험가구이므로 경제적 지원 및 심리사회적 지원이 종합적으로 제공되어야 하고, 주거복지가 확대되어야 함을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of nutrient intake and metabolic syndrome between single person households and non-single person households in elderly subjects. We analyzed data from 2,903 subjects ≥ age 65 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013~2015. As a result, single-person households had lower income and economic ability, overall nutrient intake was deteriorated, and the proportion of high-carbohydrate intake was high, compared to non-single person households. After adjusting for potential confounders (sex, age, education, household income, economic activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, walking frequency, health status, depression status, and dietary factors), the singleperson household showed a tendency of 1.22-fold higher ORs of metabolic syndrome and 1.3-fold higher ORs of hypertriglyceridemia than the non-single-person household. We suggest that the single-person household may be associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertriglyceridemia in the elderly subjects.

The aim of this study was to examine indoor fungal concentration and fungal volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in single-person households. A total of 22 houses occupied by one person were investigated in this study. 19 VOCs detected in the field were estimated as fungi-derived VOCs through a review of the literature, and 11 VOCs were confirmed as fungal VOCs by laboratory experiments. Exposure to fungal VOCs in the indoor environment has been confirmed to be highly influenced by airborne fungal concentration and indoor humidity. 3-octanone was characterized by a clear generation profile in Aspergilus versiocolor, and n-decane in Pencillum chrysogenum. ntetradecane emitted by Stachybotrys chartarum exhibited a tendency to occur consistently. The observations made in this study demonstrated that single-person households can easily be exposed to fungi, and MVOCs can be used as an indicator of fungal exposure in indoor environments.

This study conducted a survey with 203 single households among men and women in their 20s to 40s who were living in metropolitan areas from October 6 to November 4, 2012 in order to investigate the dietary attitude of the single households. The ratio of single households who had three meals a day regularly was 2.85 points, which was lower than the normal level, and it turned out that those in their 20s and 30s had meals more regularly than those in their 40s did (p<0.001). As for the irregular meal time, most were breakfast (85.9%), and it turned out that they often skipped meals mostly because they did not have time to eat and (41.7%) or because that bothered them (26.0%). 62.6% of the single households did overeating and most of them (39.4%) did overeating because of their irregular meals. Of the single households, women or persons who had lived alone for less than 3 years or more than 7 years cooked at home, more often (p<0.05), and most of them (42%) cooked noodles, easy to cook, but women cooked Korean food-based homemade food such as rice (31.7%) or soup and stew (21.2%), often (p<0.05). It turned out that 36.9% of the single households often ate out about two to three times a day, and as for their favorite eating-out menus, 39.4% were Korean food, followed by Western food (23.8%), flour-based food (13.5%), fast food (9.8%), Chinese food (7.3%) and Japanese food (6.2%). Lastly, as for inconveniences when they ate out, most were the ‘price’ (22.8%), followed by ‘too much amount of food for one person’ (20.2%) and ‘limitations in menu selection’ (19.2%). As a result of this study, it appeared that the single households had an irregular dietary life, often did overeating and often ate out, so it is judged that it would be necessary to develop a variety of nutritionally-balanced HMR food and eating-out menus in a reasonable price range for their healthy dietary life.

1인 가구의 급증은 지역의 사회경제적 변화과정의 일부로, 최근 많은 연구의 관심사가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울을 사례로 그 동안 1인 가구 연구에서 크게 주목을 받지 못했던 1인 가구 이동의 시공간적 특성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구를 통하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서울은 지속적으로 1인 가구의 양의 순이동을 보였고, 20대가 이를 주도하고 있다. 전입과 전출에서 20대의 비중이 높기는 하지만 그 비중이 줄어드는 반면, 50대 이상 고령층의 비중은 점차 늘어나는 추세를 보이고 있다. 둘째, 서울과의 1인 가구 이동에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 곳은 경기도이다. 서울 기준 순이동을 보면 지방의 1인 가구는 서울로 향하고 서울의 1인 가구는 수도권, 특히 경기도로 향하는 패턴을 보인다. 셋째, 서울의 1인 가구 증가는 1인 가구의 전입과 관련성이 높으며, 1인 가구의 목적지는 공간적으로 군집되어 나타나고 있다. 1인 가구의 상대적 집중에서는 도심 군집이 두드러진 반면, 절대적 집중에서는 대학가 주변과 강남구의 군집이 두드러졌다. 넷째, 젊은 층의 주요 전입지는 대학가 주변과 강남구인 반면,고령층은 상대적 집중에서는 도심이, 절대적 집중에서는 서울의 외각 지역이 주요 전입지로 나타났다.