Sucrose (suc) is a disaccharide that consists of glucose (glu) and fructose (fru). It is a carbohydrate source that acts as a nutrient molecule and a molecular signal that regulates gene expression and alters metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate whether suc-specific signaling induces an increase in bioactive compounds by exogenous suc absorption via roots or whether other factors, such as osmotic stress or biotic stress, are involved. To compare the osmotic stress induced by suc treatment, 4-week-old cultured mugwort plants were subjected to Hoagland nutrient solution with 10 mM, 30 mM, and 50 mM of suc or mannitol (man) for 3 days. Shoot fresh weight in suc and man treatments was not significantly different from the control. Both man and suc treatments increased the content of bioactive compounds in mugwort, but they displayed different enhancement patterns compared to the suc treatments. Mugwort extract treated with suc 50 mM effectively protected HepG2 liver cells damaged by ethanol and t-BHP. To compare the biotic stress induced by suc treatment, 3-week-old mugwort plants were subjected to microorganism and/or suc 30 mM with Hoagland nutrient solution. Microorganisms and/or suc 30 mM treatments showed no difference about the shoot fresh weight. However, sugar content in mugwort treated with suc 30 mM and microorganism with suc 30 mM treatment was significantly higher than that of the control. Suc 30 mM and microorganism with suc 30 mM were effective in enhancing bioactive compounds than microorganism treatment. These results suggest that mugwort plants can absorb exogenous suc via roots and the enhancement of bioactive compounds by suc treatment may result not from osmotic stress or biotic stress because of microorganism, but by suc-specific signaling.

This study aims to investigate the proper mixing treatment concentration of ozone (O3) and sucrose to preserve and extend the vase life of the cut rose flowers ‘Dominica’. The vase solution was prepared using tap water, 3% sucrose, ozone 5.5 mg L-1, and 3% sucrose with ozone 5.5 mg L-1. The vase life was the highest in the tap water and ozone treatments at 16.3 and 16.1 days, respectively. The vase life of ozone with sucrose treatment was 6.9 days, which was 9.4 days lower than that of the control. Compared to a single treatment, the vase life termination symptoms for ozone with sucrose treatment decreased petal wilting and increased bent necks. Relative fresh weight and vase solution uptake increased up to 4 days after treatment and decreased from 2 days before vase life termination. The rate of change in petal color was high in L*, a*, and b* for the sucrose treatment than after harvest, and low for the ozone treatments. The maximum relative flower size increase rates after treatment were 195% in the control, 186% in the sucrose treatment, 171% in the ozone treatment, and 155% in the ozone with sucrose treatment.

We report the first observation of Fano resonance in the Y-shaped cavity (YC), demonstrate that the sensitivity of the sensor is as high as 1160 nm/RIU, much higher than that of the aforementioned sensors, and observe that the quality factor and sensitivity of Fano resonance can be adjusted by changing the geometry of the sensor or adding silver nanoparticles. Traditional sucrose detection methods either waste resources or pollute the environment. This work shows that the sensor can be used to detect the concentration of sucrose. In addition, we found that the concentration of sucrose has a linear relationship with its corresponding refractive index. The sensor we designed can easily and rapidly calculate the concentration of a sucrose solution based on the Fano resonance wavelength shift, which is an important first step towards detecting the refractive index of the solution and identify the composition.

The purpose of this study is to prepare low-calorie yanggaeng with reduced sugar by adding neohesperidin dihydrochalcone or NHDC (0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) and to compare its quality characteristics. NHDC is a high sweetener, 1,500-1,800 times sweeter than sucrose. In the sugar (oBx) and water content of the NHDC-added yanggaeng, there was no significant difference except for the sugar sample. The brightness of the yanggaeng according to the amount of NHDC added was 37.7-38.7 in the NH group, which was brighter than sugar’s (35.5). The yellowness in the NH group was -0.50 to -0.54, which was higher than the sugar’s (-0.80). The total polyphenol content ranged from 16.0-16.8 mg/100g, while DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 63.8-65.2. In the overall acceptability, sugar and NH3 were in the order of 6.25 and 5.25, respectively, and it was found that adding 0.05% of NHDC was desirable in replacing 50% of sugar in the manufacturing of Yanngang. Accordingly, NHDC does not have sugar level sweetness, so it does not seem easy to replace sugar completely. Research on improving sweetness by using the structural modification of NHDC is essential in the future.

고구마 바이러스 무병묘의 기내급속증식을 위한 적정 생장 조절물질 및 sucrose 농도, 최소생장 기내보존(15°C)에 미치는 광의 영향과 생존율 및 기내생장 특성 등을 조사하였다. 고구마 무병묘의 마디배양은 0.2mg·L-1 BA 첨가배지에서 줄기신장, 줄기직경, 잎수, 뿌리수, 생체중 및 건물중 등이 가장 양호하였다. 배양부위 및 배지물리성에 따른 적정 sucrose 농도는 마디배양은 5% sucrose를 첨가한 고체배지에서, 정단배양은 3% sucrose를 첨가한 액체배지에서 줄기두께, 잎수, 뿌리수, 뿌리길이, 생체중 및 건물중 등의 생육에 가장 효과적이었다. 15°C 저온항온기에서 고구마 무병묘의 최소생장 기내보존은 암상태에서는 3개월 내에 모두 고사하였으나, 적색:청색(7:3) 혼합 LED (150±5μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD)에서는 5개월까지 100% 생존하였다. 따라서 고구마 무병묘의 최소생장 기내보존에는 광이 필요하며, 샬레에 밀식(10 개체/샬레)할 경우, 좁은 공간에서 대량보존이 가능하였다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of bread and the rheology of flour dough containing jochung. In the farinogram test, the addition of jochung changed water absorption, development time and mixing tolerance index for making bread As the amount of jochung increased, the water absorption, mixing tolerance index decreased and the development time increased. In the extensograph test, the degree of extension decreased with increasing of jochung content whereas degree of resistance was enhanced with addition of jochung. After fermentation treatment, the volume of the dough with 20% sucrose were less than that of the dough containing 20% of jochung. The dough with 5% jochung showed the lowest dough raising power compared to the other doughs. The bread consisting of 15% jochung showed the highest volume of loaf and specific volume. Therefore, high quality of bread can be achieved by adding jochung instead of sucrose for making bread.

본 연구는 한우 체외 수정란의 동결보존에 hyaluronate(HA), ethylene glycol(EG), glycerol(G), sucrose(S)를 사용한 동결배양액의 효과를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 체외 수정란 생산을 위해 도축장에서 회수된 난소로부터 미성숙 난자를 채취하여 체외성숙, 수정, 발달 배양을 실시하였다. 성숙배양은 0.5 ug/ml FSH, 5 ug/ml LH, 0.125% BSA(v/v)가 첨가된 mTCM199 배양액에서 38.5 ℃, 5 % CO2 의 조건으로 22 h 동안 실시하였으며 체외수정은 mTALP 배양액에서 38.5 ℃, 5 % CO2 의 조건에서 22 h 동안 이루어졌고 발달배양은 mSOFaa 배양액을 사용하여 38.5 ℃, 5 % CO2, 5 % O2 의 조건에서 이루어졌다. 동결에 이용된 수정란은 수정배양 후 7 일차의 배반포를 대상으로 하였다. 실험에 사용된 동결배양액은 대조군으로써 vigro 의 1.8M EG 에 0.1 M S 가 첨가된 제품을 사용하였고 처리군으로써 1.8M EG 배양액, 1.8M EG 에 0.1M S 와 1.7M G 이 첨가된 배양액, 1.8M EG 에 0.1M S, 1.7M G 및 0.0007 g/ml HA 가 첨가된 배양액을 사용하였다. 모든 처리군은 0.01 g/ml Albumax 가 첨가된 CJ buffer 를 동결배양액의 base 로 사용하였다. 동결방법은 0.25 ml 스트로에 장착된 수정란을 CL-8800i(CryoLogic)에 의한 –0.3℃/min 의 완만동결로 –32℃까지 냉각시킨 후 액체질소에 침지하여 실시하였다. 동결과정 중, -6℃에서 스트로의 말단 부분에 식빙을 실시하였다. 동결융해 후 생존율 조사를 위해 동결보존 중인 스트로 32℃의 온수에서 25 초간 융해를 실시하여 발달배양액에서 48 시간 배양하여 총 동결융해 수정란에 대한 재확장율 및 부화율을 통해 생존율을 확인하였다. 실험결과, 동결융해 후 재확장율은 대조군(EG+S)과 EG, EG+S+G, EG+S+G+HA 에서 각 90.1±0.5, 76.0±1.0, ±85.4±2.1, 84.9±0.5 %로 관찰되었으며 부화율은 80.2±1.0, 70.8±4.2, 74.0±1.0, 82.8±1.6 %로 확인되었다. 재확장율은 대조군인 1.8M EG + 0.1M sucrose 배양액에서 90.1±0.5 %로 가장 유의적으로 높게 관찰되었으며 부화율은 대조군과 1.8M EG + 0.1M sucrose + 1.7M glycerol + 0.0007 g/ml HA 처리군에서 각 80.2±1.0 %와 82.8±1.6 %로 가장 유의적으로 높게 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 추가적으로 본 동결방법에 의해 생산된 동결수정란의 수정란이식을 실시하여 수태율을 조사하고 있지만 결과가 부족하여 본 연구결과에서 포함시키지 못하였다. 하지만 수정란 이식과정에서 EG+S+G 처리군의 경우 30 분이 경과된 시점부터 다른 처리군보다 수태율이 감소되는 경향이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. 반면, glycerol 과 HA 가 함께 첨가된 다른 동결배양액의 경우에는 이러한 경향이 관찰되지 않았다. 다른 체외수정란의 발달연구에서 HA 의 첨가는 부화율을 증가시킨다는 연구결과가 보고된 바 있는데 이러한 연구결과와 일치된다고 생각된다. 본 연구결과는 농촌진흥청 연구사업(세부과제번호:PJ012695032018)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) ‘Purple Beauty’ at micropropagation stage 3 was cultured under two levels each of medium sucrose concentration (0 and 30 g·L-1), photosynthetic photon flux density (50 and 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD), and CO2 concentration (350 and 1,000 μmol·mol-1), in a factorial experimental design, consisting of all eight possible treatment combinations. Shoot tip explants, obtained from in vitro-grown plantlets, were cultured on 50 mL agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium per container. Each culture container was sealed with a rigid lid vented by a high-efficiency particulate air filter attached to a 10 mm diameter hole made in the lid center, with an estimated number of 2.8 air exchanges per hour. All cultures were maintained for four weeks at 24°C/22°C (day/night) temperatures, 70%–80% relative humidity, and a 16 h/8 h (day/night) photoperiod was provided by white light-emitting diodes. The treatment combining high light intensity (200 μmol·m-2·s-1), high CO2 concentration (1,000 μmol·mol-1), and without supplementation of sucrose to the medium (i.e., photo-autotrophic conditions) resulted in better plantlet growth and development, with higher values being observed in terms of total fresh weight, tissue water content, leaf length, leaf width, and total chlorophyll content than in plantlets grown under the other treatments.

참나무발효톱밥은 먹이원이면서 흰점박이꽃무지 유충의 서식지이며 성충의 산란처이다. 먹이원에 따라 유충의 생육 차이가 현저하여 발효톱밥 제조 시 미생물의 역할은 중요한 요인이다. 톱밥발효에 쓰이는 미생물은 고초균과 방선균을 이용한 먹이원 제조 실험을 통해 생육이 양호함을 확인한 바 있다. 더불어 곤충 유래 장내미생물인 KB3, LM11 균주를 이용하여 발효톱밥을 제조하고 생육조사를 하였다. 톱밥의 발효과정 중 변화하는 환원당의 측정을 통해 생육과의 관계를 조사하고자 시험을 실시하게 되었다. 미생물6종을 처리한 톱밥의 발효 10간격으로 5회 채취하여 xylose, fructose, mannose, glucose, sucrose, cellbiose, lactose 분석을 하였다. 그 결과 glucose가 검출되었고, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 KB3 균주처리 50일 차에 111.8mg/g이 검출되었다.

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of glucose-fructose and sucrose supplementation in glycerol-free tris (GFT) on sperm motility, viability, ROS level, apoptosis (BAX and BCL2) and motility (SMCP) related gene expression of dog sperm according to different post-thaw incubation time. The spermatozoa collected from five dogs were resuspended (5×107 cell/ml) with GFT containing 86 mM glucose and 86 mM fructose (GF-GFT) or 100 mM sucrose (S-GFT). The sperm (500 μl) were loaded in straws, cooled for 50 min at 4℃, frozen using liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor for 20 min and plunged in LN2. The progressive motility, viability, ROS (H2O2) level and mRNA expression of spermatozoa were evaluated according to post-thaw incubation time (0 h, 3 h and 6 h) at 24℃. ROS was assessed using H2DCFDA stain by flow cytometry. The relative abundances of BAX, BCL2 and SMCP were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The motility of spermatozoa cryopreserved in GF-GFT was increased throughout the post-thaw incubation time. The motility of spermatozoa cryopreserved in S-GFT was increased at 3 h of post-thaw incubation. Whereas, the sperm ROS level in GF-GFT group was decreased at 6 h of post-thaw incubation. However, the ROS level in the group S-GFT was gradually increased with the progress of post-thaw incubation period. The post-thaw incubation had no substantial effect on mRNA expression of BAX, BCL2 and SMCP genes of dog spermatozoa in both the GF-GFT and S-GFT groups. These results indicate that GF supplementation in GFT improves the progressive sperm motility during the 6 h of post-thaw incubation with maintaining similar sperm viability and is more efficient in reducing ROS after 3 h of post-thaw incubation. The addition of GF in GFT for the cryopreservation of dog spermatozoa and post-thaw incubation would open an option to achieve more functioning spermatozoa for future assisted reproduction practices.

Carbon source, an essential nutrient for plant growth, mainly includes exogenous sugar and CO2 of the environment in vitro. Therefore, the exogenous sugar and CO2 of the environment make the important roles in tissue culture. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different sugar concentrations (0, 10, 15 and 30 g·L-1) on the growth of colored Zantedeschia in vitro under certain CO2 concentration and explore the optimal sugar concentration. The plantlets in vitro of colored Zantedeschia had the largest root number, root weight, and root vigor under 0 g·L-1 (sugar-free culture) treatment. And they had the largest plant height, leaf length and leaf chlorophyll content, but p oor r oot v igor under 3 0 g·L-1 sugar. This study indicated that the optimal condition for proliferation and seedling culture of colored Zantedeschia plantlets in vitro was MS medium with 30 g·L-1 sugar, and the suitable medium for rooting culture and transplanting of colored Zantedeschia was MS medium with sugar-free culture under CO2 enrichment condition.