본 연구에서는 석문간척지 주변 농가들을 대상으로 간척지 논 범용화를 위한 암거공법 관련 세부 기술요인에 대한 농가 수요조사 및 분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과들을 도출하였다. 첫째, 지하흡수공을 보다 필요하고 중요하게 인식할수록 해당 기술에 대한 수용의사가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지하배수를 보다 필요하고 중요하게 인식할수록 해당 기술에 대한 수용의사가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지하관수를 보다 필요하고 중요하게 인식할수록 해당 기술에 대한 수용의사가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 심토파쇄를 보다 중요하게 인식할수록 해당 기술에 대한 수용의사가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 지하흡수공 기술에 대한 수용의사가 높은 농가들이 무굴착암거공법 수용확률이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구의 주요 목적은 회귀기반의 다양한 머신러닝 알고리즘을 개발하고 다양한 농업 분야에서 사용되는 트랙터의 연료 소비량을 예측하는 것이다. 비포장 도로주행 농업 기계중에서도 사용 비중이 가장 높은 트랙터를 선정하였다. 실제 농가에 방문하여 현업 전문가 조언을 바탕으로 연구하여 설문지를 작성하였으며, 설문 대상은 경남 사천시에 있는 농가 10곳, 진주시에 있는 농가 62곳 등, 총 72곳의 농가이다. 농작업으로는 벼농사, 보리농사, 밭농사 등이 있으며, 작업내용으로는 쟁기, 로터리, 비료살포, 베토, 모내기작업 등이 있다. 다중 회귀분석을 통해 연료 소비량 예측에 영향을 미치는 변수(마력, 기계사용연수, 경작면적, 작업 시간)를 추출하였고. 머신러닝 회귀 학습기 모형으로 학습하여 예측 모형의 성능을 검증하였다. 연료 소비량을 예측하는 모델의 성능은 결정 계수(R), RMSE (제곱 평균 제곱근 오차), MSE (평균 제곱 오차) 및 MAE (평균 절대 오차)를 포함한 4가지 통계적 품질 매개변수를 사용하여 결정되었다. 연구 결과 4가지 모델(다중회귀, 랜덤포레스트, 아다부스트, K-최근접 이웃) 중 K-최근접 이웃의 성능이 제일 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과는 실제 농가의 연료 소비량을 예측하여 면세유 유통의 투명성을 확보하고 추후 개발 모델의 의사결정에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Sustainable and healthy diet is a challenge in recent world. Despite the global depletion of water resources, Korea has no system for controlling its water footprint. This study established the water footprint tables of Korean food using the Water Footprint Network databases, and applied them into two meal plans for 19~64 year-old adults recommended in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2020. Nut, oil, and meat’s water footprints were higher and those of fruit and vegetable were lower. Sesame oil had the highest water footprint of 21,793 L/kg and pineapple had the lowest domestic water footprint of 102 L/kg. Water footprint of one serving size of beef was 925 L, that of chicken was 260 L, and those of soybean were 43 L in global and 81 L in domestic. The water footprint of the recommended 2,400 kcal meal plan was 2,882 L, and that of 1,900 kcal meal plan was 1,915 L. The water resources can be saved by choosing food with lower water footprint. The results of this study can be used in the further researches for more sustainable and healthier Korean diet.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties by mixing ratio of soybean and peanut protein to secure basic data for developing alternative protein foods. As a result of analyzing the protein molecular weight pattern, it was confirmed that the specific molecular weight was affected by the soybean and peanut protein mixture. The content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, serine, alanine, and tyrosine among nonessential amino acids was higher as the mixing ratio of peanut protein to soy protein was higher. However, the higher the peanut protein mixing ratio, the lower the water absorption capacity. Based on the results of this study, further studies, such as selecting soybean and peanut cultivars for determining the optimal mixing ratio of soybean and peanut protein and processing methods to improve physical properties, are necessary

The purpose of this research is to investigate Korean architects’ perception of the Modern Movement in architecture in the West during the Japanese colonial period, by analyzing two Korean publications in the 1930s: Park Dongjin’s ‘Present Architectural Tendency’ (Dong-A Ilbo, March 1931) and Hong Yunsick’s ‘Trend in the Thought of Moderne Baukunst’ (Chogwang, September 1937). As a result of the investigation, it is confirmed that the two men welcomely accepted the universal modernity, regarding the rational and functional - rather than subjective expressions of the individual - as the key to modern architecture. Although their perception of the Modern Movement in Western architecture was inevitably superficial due to the limited condition of the Japanese colonial period in Korea, there was an obvious advancement in the latter’s perception from the former’s, reflecting the progress in knowledge of it over the six and a half years between the two. Therefore, it is argued that their 1930s’ writings are meaningful as the first Korean publications that illustrate how Korean architectural circles perceived the contemporary architectural movement in the West.

To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of submerged culture using Cordyceps militaris mycelium, culture-including mycelia was extracted and lyophilized into postbiotics (hot-water extract; CM-HW). HW was fractionated into crude polysaccharide (CM-CP) by ethanol precipitation, and CM-CP was further dialyzed into CM-DCP by dialysis with running water using 12~14 kDa dialysis tube. When the cytotoxicity of subfractions against cells was assessed, no subfraction had a cytotoxic impact that was substantially different from the control groups. In an inflammatory model using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, CM-DCP significantly decreased IL-6 and MCP-1 production levels compared to the LPS-control group. CM-DCP also inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. In the meanwhile, the neutral sugar content and mannose ratio of anti-inflammatory CM-DCP were higher than the other fractions, and CM-DCP contained β-1,3/1,6-glucan of 216.1 mg/g. High pressure size exclusion chromatography revealed that CM-DCP contained molecules with a molecular weight range of 5.6 to 144.0 kDa. In conclusion, postbiotics of C. militaris mycelium significantly promoted anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting that neutral polysaccharides including Glc and Man contribute to the anti-inflammation in RAW 264.7 or HaCaT cells.

본 연구에서는 여러가지 경영, 재무활동들 중 해외 교차상장(cross-listing)이 국내기업의 비효율적 자본지출을 개선할 수 있는지 검증하고, 그 영향을 분석하였다. 특히, 해외 교차상장과 관련한 내생성 문제를 해소하기 위해 교차상장을 한 기업(교차상장기업)과 그렇지 않은 기업(비교차상장 기업)을 선정하고 이중차분법(Difference-in- Differences Analysis)을 활용하여 두 그룹의 비효율적 자본지출과 기타 주요 재무지표들을 분석하였다. 주요 실증분석 결과에 따르면 교차상장기업은 교차상장이 된 후 비교차상장기업에 비해 총자본지출과 비효율적 자본지출이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 교차상장기업의 성장성과 효율적 투자지표인 Tobin’s Q와 R&D 투자지출 모두 비교차상장기업 대비 증가하여 교차상장의 긍정적인 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 반면, 교차상장기 업의 수익성은 교차상장 이후 비교차상장기업 대비 하락하였는데 이는 교차상장을 위한 실적 부풀리기 등의 영향 으로 해석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 해외 교차상장이 한국기업의 비효율적 자본지출과 여러 재무활동에 유의한 영향을 끼치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 기업의 교차상장은 시장과 투자자들에게 더 많은 정보를 제공하여 대리인문제, 정보불균형 등으로 인한 문제들을 해소시키는 효과가 있으며, 보다 엄격한 해외상장의 요건을 충족시키기 위해 기업지배구조 또한 개선되는 효과가 존재한다고 할 수 있다.

수도권 중심의 국가발전 전략이 한계에 다다른 가운데, 주요국들은 지 방을 발전시키기 위한 다양한 전략이 제시되어 왔다. 2000년대 이후 유 럽, 일본 등 주요국들은 광역경제권 형성을 통한 지방 대도시권 발전방 향의 전략을 채택해 온 가운데, 최근 한국에서도 부울경 지역연합이 출 범한 경험이 있다. 본 논문에서는 프랑스의 지방분권 개혁 및 문제점, 과 제에 관하여 고찰하였다. 특히 본고에서는 프랑스의 광역경제권 형성 과 정을 통해 부·울·경 메가시티 전략에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 1970년대 중앙집권적 행정체제로는 경제발전과 지역협력 대응에의 한계 가 있음을 직시한 프랑스는 지방분권을 추진해 왔다. 지방분권 추진에 많은 어려움을 겪어 왔던 프랑스 정부는 2012년 이후 최근까지 지방분 권의 효율성과 민주주의의 조화를 위한 분권발전 정책을 제시해 왔다. 프랑스는 지방분권 추진 과정에서 지역 광역화와 생활권의 이격에서 발 생하는 문제점들을 해결하기 위해, 도시지역계획(PLU), 코뮌 토지이용구 분도(CC), 국토의 일관성 계획(SCOT) 등을 제시하였다.

In this study, a finite element analysis was used to analyze the stress state and vibration characteristics generated by continuous contact between wheels and rails when driving urban railway vehicles. The rails applied to the analysis were divided into straight and curved shapes, and three-dimensional modeling was performed to analyze the changes in structural characteristics of wheels and rails when driving on straight and curved rails. As a result of the analysis, the stress characteristics were up to 6.5 MPa on a straight rail and 9.81 MPa on a curved rail, and it is believed that this increase in stress will increase noise due to an increase in friction at the interface. The vibration characteristics of the wheels and rails showed similar behavior from the 3rd mode to the 9th mode of the rail to the intrinsic vibration characteristics from the 4th mode to the 6th mode of the wheel.

Thermal protection systems (TPS) are a group of materials that are indispensable for protecting spacecraft from the aerodynamic heating occurring during entry into an atmosphere. Among candidate materials for TPS, ceramic insulation materials are usually considered for reusable TPS. In this study, ceramic insulation materials, such as alumina enhanced thermal barrier (AETB), are fabricated via typical ceramic processing from ceramic fiber and additives. Mixtures of silica and alumina fibers are used as raw materials, with the addition of B4C to bind fibers together. Reaction-cured glass is also added on top of AETB to induce water-proof functionality or high emissivity. Some issues, such as the elimination of clumps in the AETB, and processing difficulties in the production of reusable surface insulation are reported as well.

This study aimed to investigate the biological activities, including polyphenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities, of various cultivars of Korean perilla leaves. The results indicated that among nine cultivars (Namcheon dlggae, Saedora, Nulbora, Donggel 1, Donggell 2, Soim, Sangyeop, Somirang, and Saebom) of perilla leaves, the total polyphenolic content (gallic acid equivalent mg/g, GAE) was the highest in “Nulbora,” while it was lowest in Namcheon dlggae. Moreover, flavonoid content in the extracts of nine cultivars leaves was in the range of 132.93~268.50 mg catechin equivalent/g sample. The antioxidant effects of the perilla leaves were determined using two different in vitro bioassays measuring DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities. The results revealed that antioxidant activity was also higher in “Nulbora” compared with other cultivars. Xanthin-oxidase-inhibition activity ranged from 65.65% to 80.58%, with “Nulbora” exhibiting the highest activity, although the difference with other cultivars was not significant. “Nulbora” extracts reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and several cytokines, including IL-6 activation induced by LPS in macrophages in the range of 100–50 μg/mL. These results suggest that extracts from perilla leaves can be used as bioactive and functional materials that could be important in industrial applications in the future.

The quality and antioxidant characteristics of apios (Apios americana Medikus) according to different harvest periods and steaming treatment were investigated. The quality and antioxidant characteristics of apios were significantly different depending on harvest periods. Total starch contents was higher in 1st harvesting period as 62.32 g/100 g than other harvesting period. The water binding capacity and water solubility index was higher in 1st harvesting period as 228.65 and 11.29% than other harvesting period. The sucrose and total free sugar contents were 3.64~8.67 and 4.49~9.54 g/100 g, respectively. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of apios was the highest 2nd and 4th harvesting period at 4.21 mg GAE/g and 611.11 μg CE/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in 1st harvesting period as 84.96 mg TE/100 g than other harvesting period, and decreased as the harvest periods were delayed. ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were 43.81~47.89 mg TE/g and 231.20~264.07 mM/100 g, and increased to 50.58~51.44 mg TE/g and 342.55~384.29 mM/100 g after heat treatment. As a result, it is thought that studies on change of quality and physicochemical characteristics according to cultivation characteristics should be preceded for cultivation stability of apios.

In vitro digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) were investigated to verify the availability of protein in various Rhizopus oligosporus fermented products of domestic soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. Danbaegkong (DBK), Daepung (DP), Daewonkong (DWK), Saedanbaek (SDB), Seonyu (SY), and Cheongja4ho (CJ4) were used as raw samples, which were fermented using commercially available Rhizopus oligosporus for 48 h. All cultivars showed increased crude protein content after fermentation. The crude protein content of DBK and SDB was significantly higher than that of the other samples (55.12% in DBK and 54.22% in SDB) (p<0.001). CJ4 had the highest alanine content of 28.88 mg/g (p<0.001), and no significant difference in cysteine content was detected among the cultivars. In most of the fermented samples, the in vitro digestibility was 0.9 or higher, indicating high protein in the fermented samples. However, it is considered that restrictions on digestion are low. In DWK, the amino acid content and PDCAAS, which together indicate protein quality, were 0.917 and 0.855, respectively, confirming that it was the best cultivar to provide the raw material for fermentation. In conclusion Rhizopus oligosporus fermented soybean products can be considered a prospective source of protein with high utility value.

The research was based on long-term studies on the major physico-chemical and hydrological factors and zooplankton community dynamics in the Hwang River. We had 341 times survey and collected zooplankton samples in the Hwang River of mid-Nakdong River from 1995 to 2013. We identified 97 zooplankton species, including 77 rotifers, 16 cladocerans, and 4 copepods. The total zooplankton abundance and species diversity were shown distinctive temporal variation (ANOVA, p<0.001). Annual average of zooplankton population density was 58.4±3.2 ind L-1 (n=341) and the lowest was 17.0±3.8 ind L-1 (1996, n=20), while the highest was 151.5±32.3 ind L-1 (2010, n=22). For zooplankton, small rotifer groups (e.g., Keratella sp., Brachionus sp., Trichotria sp.) dominated the study site for 19 years survey. Statistical analysis revealed that there were positive relationships with SiO2 (p=0.002) and water level (p<0.001) for the high abundance of rotifer community. There were considerable variations both the total cladocerans population and the number of cladocerans’ species concerning annual precipitation. Despite the appearance of various zooplankton in the Hwang River, the mean population density remained low. Due to the lateral structures in the Nakdong River, the downstream basin of the Hwang River is inevitably affected. The zooplankton community in our study site is considered to be mainly influenced by external factors that can stably increase and maintain the volume of the water body and internal factors that induce an increase in food sources through the inflow of nutrients into the water body.

The germination characteristics of the resting cysts of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii collected from the southern coastal sediments of Korea were studied at different temperature conditions, and the morphology and phylogeny of the germlings were examined. The resting cysts of Ph. hartmannii were round and characterized by a red accumulation body and many arrow-like spines and could germinate at temperature of 10 to 30°C. High germination rates (>90%) were observed at 15 and 20°C, indicating that the resting cysts could act as seed populations for the bloom initiation of Ph. hartmannii in Korean coastal waters in early summer or early fall. The morphology of the germlings was generally consistent with the previous description, and an apical groove characterized by a fully enclosed loop was observed. Phylogenetic analysis based on large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences revealed that the germlings shared an identical sequence with the Korean and American isolates of Ph. hartmannii and was a sister clade of Polykrikos species.

금속의 취성화는 수소와 접촉하는 구조물을 안정적으로 설계하는데 있어서 큰 문제가 되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 분자동역학 해석을 통해 균열선단 주변에 모인 수소원자들이 전위 이동 현상을 억제하고, 이로 인해 벽개 파괴 현상이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 다양한 수소 농도, 하중 속도, 수소 확산 속도 등을 바꾸어가며 분자동역학 해석을 수행하였고, 이에 따른 수소 취성화를 최소화시킬 수 있는 조건들을 조사하였다. 분자동역학 해석 결과는 기존의 실험결과와 잘 일치하였으며 이를 바탕으로 수소 취성화 현상을 정량화하여 평가하였다.

Through sample-size-based rarefaction analyses, we tried to suggest the appropriate degree of sample concentration and sub-sample extraction, as a way to estimate more accurate zooplankton species diversity when assessing biodiversity. When we collected zooplankton from three reservoirs with different environmental characteristics, the estimated species richness (S) and Shannon’s Hʹ values showed different changing patterns according to the amount of sub-sample extracted from the whole sample by reservoir. However, consequently, their zooplankton diversity indices were estimated the highest values when analyzed by extracting the largest amount of sub-sample. As a result of rarefaction analysis about sample coverage, in the case of deep eutrophic reservoir (Juam) with high zooplankton species and individual numbers, it was analyzed that 99.8% of the whole samples were represented by only 1 mL of sub-sample based on 100 mL of concentrated samples. On the other hand, in Soyang reservoir, which showed very small species and individual numbers, a relatively low representation at 97% when 10 mL of sub-sample was extracted from the same amount of concentrated sample. As such, the representation of sub-sample for the whole zooplankton sample varies depending on the individual density in the sample collected from the field. If the degree of concentration of samples and the amount of subsample extraction are adjusted according to the collected individual density, it is believed that errors that occur when comparing the number of species and diversity indices among different water bodies can be minimized.

본 시험은 우리나라에서 원적외선을 이용한 이탈리안 라이그 라스 인공건초 조제 가능성을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 시험 에 사용된 기계는 온도, 송풍량, 원적외선 방사량을 조절할 수 있 는 원적외선 건조기로 5월에 수확한 이탈리안 라이그라스를 대상 으로 실시하였다. 건조를 위한 조건은 전체 9개의 조건을 선택하 여 수행하였으며 각각의 조건은 방사율 42∼45 %로 설정을 하였 으며 내부 온도는 65℃로 설정하였다. 기기내의 기류의 속도는 40 ∼60m/s로 하였으며, 전체적인 건조시간은 방사량 42%는 30분, 43%는 25분 그리고 45%는 20분으로 하여 수행하였다. 각각의 건조조건에 따른 최종 건물함량은 평균 88.5%로 나타났으며 전 처리에서 건초에 적합한 건물함량을 나타내었다. 건조 조건에 따 른 전력 소비량을 보면 45% 방사량에서 20분간을 건조한 처리구 에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 건조율에 있어서는 1∼5번 건조 조건에 서는 차이가 없었으나 6∼7조건에서는 유의적으로 낮은 경향을 보였다. 사료가치에 있어서는 대부분의 건조조건에서 원물보다 CP, IVDMD는 높았고 ADF, NDF 함량은 낮게 나타났으며 대체 적으로 4, 7 및 8번 건조 조건에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 건조속도, 전력량, 품질 등을 고려할 때 7 및 8번 건조조건이 가장 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

본 연구에서는 해상가두리 양식장에서 북방전복과 둥근전복속 교잡종(왕전복♀*둥근전복♂)의 생물지표를 분석하여 교잡육종의 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 생존율은 북방전복과 유사하였 으나, 성장(각장)은 교잡종에서 약 10% 빠른 것으로 분석되었다. 패각의 호흡공 기형율은 교잡 종이 북방전복보다 약 6% 낮았으며, 패각 함몰 및 부식율은 교잡종이 약 15% 낮았다. 생화학 적 조성에서는 조단백질의 경우 교잡종에서 약 3.1% 높았으며, 이를 제외한 나머지에서 유사 한 값을 나타냈다. 소화, 흡수 및 해독기능을 수행하는 간췌장의 조직학적 평가에서는 교잡종 에서 좋은 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과로 보아 둥근전복속 교잡종은 추후 양식 환경에 접목 하였을 때 높은 양식 생산력을 가질 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 한국 남해안의 해상가두리에서 북방전복 Haliotis discus hannai 부착생물의 종류 와 밀도에 관한 자료의 축적과 부착생물 제거에 따른 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 해상가두리에 서 북방전복의 부착생물은 굴, 태형동물, 따개비가 우점하였으며, 이들의 평균 부착생물 면적비 는 약 57.5%였다. 성장률과 간췌장의 건강도는 대조구에 비해 부착생물 제거구에서 좋은 결과 를 보였다. 따라서 전복의 부착생물 제거는 개체의 성장과 출하 시 상품성 향상을 위해 필요한 것으로 판단된다.