In order to develop a protective carrier scaffolder for the external usage of medical and hygienic materials, three essential protective elements existing in nature, i.e., algin, cellulose, and calcium phosphate apatite, were investigated. The algin is a main skeletal component of sea weeds, the cellulose is of vegetables, and the calcium phosphate apatite is of vertebral animals. In the present study we select the agarose which is a derivative from algin, the cellulose fiber obtained from skin of sea squirt, calcium oxide purified from shell powder, and tricalcium phosphate apatite purchased commercially. Consequently, the agarose-cellulose hybrid was made by the hydrogen bonds intermediating the calcium phosphate apatite between agarose and cellulose molecules. As the calcium phosphate apatite is formed by the addition of calcium hydroxide into tricalcium phosphate solution, we used calcium oxide to accelerate the hybridization between the agarose and calcium phosphate apatite and also between the cellulose and calcium phosphate apatite. In the phase contrast microscopic observation the agarose-cellulose hybrid showed more compact matrix structure than the mixture of agarose and cellulose. The agarose-cellulose hybrid showed increased storage modulus but decreased loss modulus in Rheometer test compared to those of the other materials tested in this study, representing that the agarose-cellulose hybrid has the highest elasticity among them and similar water capacity to agarose. The agarose-cellulose hybrid showed the strongest antimicrobial effect in bacteria killing assay than the other materials, and also it showed a potent blood clotting effect but no immunological hypersensitivity on the human skin. From the above results we presumed that the nobel material, agarose-cellulose hybrid, is a compact scaffolding matrix which has proper elasticity, high capacity to hold substrates, and antimicrobial and blood clotting property potent enough to carry the bio-medical and hygienic materials for external treatment safely.

  Because of different hardware specifications, there are no unified protocol commands to use with various kinds of RFID readers. The current commercial RFID middlewares do not satisfy the various requirements from users to support business process logic

Nano-sized tungsten disulfide () powders were synthesized by chemical vapor condensation (CVC) process using tungsten carbonyl () as precursor and vaporized pure sulfur. Prior to the synthesis of tungsten disulfide nanoparticles, the pure tungsten nanoparticles were produced by same route to define the optimum synthesis parameters, which were then successfully applied to synthesize tungsten disulfide. The influence of experimental parameters on the phase and chemical composition as well as mean size of the particles for the produced pure tungsten and tungsten disulfide nanoparticles, were investigated

신나몬 속에서 추출한 식물체 정유 6종의 고구마뿌리혹선충(Meloidogyne incognita) 유충(J2)에 대한 살선충력을 9개 농도(ppm) 수준에서 24웰플레이트를 이용하여 실내검정 하였다. 그 결과 카시아오일류(cassia oils)에서 높은 살선충력이 확인되었는데, 그 중 가장 강한 활성을 보인 cassia oil의 구성 성분들을 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 이 오일에 함유된 주요 성분들은 (E)-cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, α-terpenen, ρ-cymene, limonene, linalool, α-terpineol, cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, salicylaldehyde, α-copaene, (E)-cinnamic acid, cinnamyl acetate, β-caryophyllene 등이었다. 각 성분들의 살선충력을 조사하였는데, (E)-cinnamaldehyde가 15 ppm과 10 ppm 농도에서도 99%와 57%의 살선충력을 보였다. 그래서 이것과 유사한 구조를 갖고 있는 화합물들 42종을 대상으로 200, 100, 50, 25, 10 ppm 농도에서 구조에 따른 살선충력을 비교 검정하였는데, vinyl cinnamate와 (E)-methoxcycinnamaldehyde가 10 ppm에서 각각 83%와 44%의 살선충력을 나타냈다. 이는 살선충력을 갖는 화합물들이 기본 골격으로서 C6-C3를 필요로 하고 더불어 방향성을 갖는 알킨(alkene) 또는 알데하이드 그룹을 갖고 있어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 실내실험을 통해 신나몬 속 식물체 정유들 또는 함유 화합물들이 토양 내 뿌리혹선충을 방제할 수 있는 잠재성이 매우 높은 식물군임을 확인하였다.

This experiment was conducted to investigate population dynamics of white grubs and its damages in sweet potato fields. There were three species of white grubs that fed on the roots of sweet potato in Honam area. Among them, Holotrichia parallela was a major insect pest. Damage rate of sweet potato by white grubs were about 2 to 40% differed with regions. In some region where it was severe the damage rate of sweet potato was about 80% or more. H. parallela overwintered as a late 3rd instar larvae in soil from late October to late-June, and the survival rate of them was 92%. The occurrence pattern of H. parallela larvae varied in different seasons. In sweet potato field, H. parallela larvae populations started being observed during late-July to mid.-August. The damage by the grub began to occur late-August in field and lasted to the harvest time.