This study was carried out to apply the UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) coupled with Multispectral sensor for the algae bloom monitoring in river. The study acquired remote sensing data using UAV on the midstream area of Gum River, one of four major rivers in South Korea. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used for monitoring algae change. This study conducted water sampling and analysis in the field for correlating with NDVI values. Among the samples analyzed, the chlorophyll concentration exhibited strong and significant linear relationships with NDVI, and thus NDVI was chosen for algae bloom index to identify emergence aspect of phytoplankton in river. Aerial remote sensing technology can provide more accurate, flexible, cheaper, and faster monitoring methods of detecting and predicting eutrophication and therefore cyanobacteria bloom in water reservoirs compared to currently used technology. As a result, there was high level of correlation in chlorophyll-a and NDVI. It is expected that when this remote water quality and pollution monitoring technology is applied in the field, it would be able to improve capabilities to deal with the river water quality and pollution at the early stage.

Recent industrial developments have increased the use of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Odors (e.g., are hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan- type, amine- type and other irritating pungent gaseous or volatile substances)., which are disgusting and disgusting to humans. Currently, regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO), regenerative catalytic oxidation (RCO), Carbon Adsorption Tower, etc. are used for their control to remove VOCs. In this experiment, we report the use of silicon carbide (SiC) for the control of four common VOCs called BTEX (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and, xylene (BTEX))., which is a representative material of VOCs, was removed by using silicon carbide (SiC). The heating SiC was heated be tween 400oC and 700oC in a microwave,. As a result, we observed the removal efficiency of BTEX from 10 ppm to 50 ppm was. At 400oC and 500oC, 0.6~60.3% and 11~64.7% the removal efficiency were achieved, with exponential increase at the temperature from 500oC. At 600oC, it showed more than 69.0~100% removal efficiency of most BTEX materials. Finally, At 700oC, it was confirmed that all BTEX materials were completely removed.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are potential drawing agents in forward osmosis (FO) due to their high ionicity, low vapor pressure and high solubility. A series of ILs were investigated as draw solutes for FO application and were compared with NaCl. Water (Jv )and reverse (Js) fluxes were evaluated using commercially available HTI-CTA membrane via FO and PRO modes. FO runs were conducted using 0.3M draw solution and DI water as feed. Results reveal that ILs like BMIM acetate, BMIM bromide and N4444 acetate were able to generate high Jv but with negligible Js. This demonstrates the potential of certain ILs as FO drawing agents. This research was supported by NRF through the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (No.2016R1A2B1009221) and through Basic Science Research Program of Ministry of Education(2009-0093816).

역삼투 공정은 현재 해수담수화 공정으로 가장 많이 사용되는 공정으로 향후 지속적으로 사용량이 증가될것으로 보인다. 보론은 인체와 동물, 식물에게 필수적인 영양소이지만, 과잉 공급된 보론은 인체 및 식물의 신경계 장애 및 생식능력 저하를 초래하고, 식물성장 및 과실의 성장을 방해하는 독성물질로 의심받고 있다. 보론은 흔히 쓰이는 하수처리 및 폐수처리 공정에서 제거되지 않으며, 역삼투 공정에서도 중성인 B(OH)3로 남아 있어 역삼투 후에 보론 한계기준보다 훨씬 높은 농도가 생산수에 존재하는 경우가 종종 있다. 그래서 물에서 보론이 제거되는 공정이 절실한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 보론 제거율 향상을 위해 첨가제를 활용한 polyamide를 계면중합을 통해 합성하여 역삼투막을 제조하였으며, 제조된 역삼투막의 성능평가를 수행, 비교하였다.

제련 과정 중 발생하는 폐황산에는 다양한 희소금속들이 포함되어 있으나, 공정수에서 희소금속 회수가 처리기술 부족으로 중화되어 폐기되고 있는 실정이다. 일반적으로 습식제련공정에서의 모액(침출액)은 황산(10~15%) 용액 상태이며, 모액중의 유가금속 (Cu, Zn 등) 및 희소금속(In, Se, Re 등)은 보통 수 ppm에서 수 % 단위로 용해되어 있다. 희소금속은 첨단소재로서의 가치가 높고 수요가 급증하고 있으나 공정수에서 희소금속 처리 기술 부족으로 폐 황산 속 희소금속은 중화되어 폐기되고 있다. 희소금속 처리기술로서 분리막 공정을 희소금속 회수에 적용하면 효율적인 분리/농축을 가능하게 하여 경제적인 이점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 내산성이 뛰어난 방향족 모노머인 메타페닐렌디아민과 파라페닐렌디아민, 지방족 아민모노머인 피페라진와 블렌딩하여 계면중합을 실시하고 물성을 평가한다. 그리고 제조된 분리막의 내산성을 평가하기 위하여 15 wt% 황산용액에 침지한 후 투과성능을 측정하였다.

Sulfur copolymer (poly(S-r-CEA)) was synthesized via facile inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA). Polysulfide (PS) oligomer was soluble to common solvents including DMF, producing homogenous dope solution with PAN as filler. PS-PAN was electrospun resulting to nanofiber membrane effective for Hg2+ sequestration with recorded maximum capacity of 612 mg g-1 based on Langmuir model isotherm. Kinetics, selectivity and reusability were also evaluated. This work presents new and cheap yet effective material for heavy metal sequestration from contaminated water. This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2015R1A2A1A15055407) and by the Ministry of Education (No. 2009-0093816).

Vortex-induced vibration and instability vibration of tall buildings are very important fluid-structure interaction phenomenon, and many fundamental questions concerning the influence of body movement on the unsteady aerodynamic force remain unanswered. For tall buildings, there are two experimental methods to investigate the characteristics of unsteady aerodynamic forces, one is forced vibration method and the other is free vibration method. In the present paper, a free vibration method was used to investigate the unsteady aerodynamic force on tall building whose aspect ratio is 9 under boundary layer simulating city area. Wind pressures on surfaces and tip displacements were measured simultaneously, and the characteristics of tip displacements and generalized forces were discussed. It was found that variation of across-wind displacements showed different trend between the case when wind speed increases and wind speed decreases, and the fluctuating generalize forces in across-wind direction of vibrating model are larger than that of static model near the resonant wind speed and approach to the static value. And for higher wind speed range, there were two peaks in across-wind power spectra of generalize forces of vibrating model, which means that two frequency components are predominant in unsteady aerodynamic forces.

The aim of this report is to understand the status and management of genetic resources on ICRISAT(International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) to promote exchange of germplasm and information. ICRISAT genebank at Patancheru, India has the responsibility to collect, conserve, characterize, document and distribute the genetic resources. Also, ICRISAT has performed the estimation of environment tolerance, disease resistance, and functional compounds of genetic resources. ICRISAT has assembled more than 120,000 accessions of chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, pearl millet, sorghum, and six small millets. Since 1974 to 2008, ICRISAT provided 1,350,000 accessions with 144 countries to develop new cultivars. The provision pattern of genetic resources in ICRISAT showed that more than 80 % of each crop by the total holdings resources had been offered and that it is the direction of the ideal conserve and management of genetic resources. To evaluate their genetic resources (chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, pearl millet, sorghum, and six small millets), they made descritors for each crop and investigated their germplasms. This report would be meaningful to understand utilization and effect of the germplasms to be held at ICRISAT.

Recently, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has been recognized as a core technology of smart water grid, and the relevant market is growing constantly. In this study, we developed all-in-one smart water meter of the AMI system, which was installed on the test-bed to verify both effectiveness and field applicability in office building water usage. Developed 15 mm-diameter smart water meter is a magneto-resistive digital meter, and measures flow rate and water quality parameters (temperature, conductivity) simultaneously. As a result of the water usage analysis by installing six smart water meters on various purposes in office building water usage, the water usage in shower room showed the highest values as the 1,870 L/day and 26.6 liter per capita day (LPCD). But, the water usage in laboratory was irregular, depending on the many variables. From the analysis of the water usage based on day of the week, the water usage on Monday showed the highest value, and tended to decrease toward the weekend. According to the PCA results and multivariate statistical approaches, the shower room (Group 3) and 2 floor man’s restroom sink (Group 1-3) have been classified as a separate group, and the others did not show a significant difference in both water use and water quality aspects. From the analysis of water usage measured in this study, the leak or water quality accident did not occur. Consequently, all-in-one smart water meter developed in this study can measure flow rate and water quality parameters (temperature, conductivity) simultaneously with effective field applicability in office building water usage.

Demand for the development of non-antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal production surged in recent years. However, elucidating the specific mechanisms and action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics as non-AGP in animals is still in progress. This work investigated and compared faecal microbiotas of weaned piglets under the administration of a basal diet (CON) and with prebiotic lactulose (LAC), probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 (PRO), or their synbiotic combination (SYN). Although prebiotics and/or probiotics in the diet significantly increased alpha-diversity compared with CON values, no differences were detected in richness and diversity values among the treatment groups (LAC, PRO, and SYN). At phylum level, the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio increased in the treatment groups in comparison to the CON group, and the lowest abundance of Proteobacteria was found in LAC group. At family level, Enterobacteriaceae decreased in all treatments, especially more than 10-fold reduction in LAC group compared with CON group. At genus level, the highest abundance of Oscillibacter was detected in PRO group, the highest Clostridium in LAC group, and the highest Lactobacillus in SYN group; the abundance of Escherichia was lowest in LAC group. Clustering in the DAPC plots illustrated distinct separation of the feeding groups (CON, LAC, PRO, and SYN) from one another, showing that microbial communities had different compositions according to different feed additives. Effects of LAC and PRO treatments on the faecal microbiota suggest independent mechanisms; nonetheless, the impact of SYN might also be distinct from that when each are administered singly as LAC or PRO.

물 부족 현상을 해결하기 위하여 저에너지 해수담수화가 가능한 정삼투 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 정삼투 시스템의 경우 가압 조건이 필 요하지 않으므로 에너지 비용을 저감할 수 있고, 막 오염 및 파쇄 현상이 역삼투 시스템에 비해 발생하지 않는다는 장점이 있다. 이에 사용되는 유도 용질의 경우 높은 친수성을 가져야 하며, 농도 대비 높은 삼투압을 보여야 한다. 또한 유도용액 후처리 공정에서의 분리가 용이하여야 한다. 최근에는 탄소 양자점 유 도용질, 고분자 전해질을 이용한 유도용질, 온도감응성 고분자를 이용한 유도용 질의 연구가 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 물에 대한 용해도가 큰 다가 카복실산계 유도용질을 합성하고 정삼투 공정에서의 성능평가 및 다른 유도용액과 비교 실험을 수행하였다.

Synthesis of Li+-selective 14-crown ether (CE) having rigid and bulky subunits was reported. CE-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dope solutions were electrospun. CEs were immobilized on PVA matrix via acid-catalyzed acetalization using novel aerosol method. Structures of new compounds and their immobilization to PVA were confirmed and characterized. Adsorption experiments show superior lithium capacity and selectivity among previously reported solid-supported CEs. Dihydroxy-dibenzo-14-crown-4 ether-PVA nanofiber membrane showed superior performance. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and future Planning (2015R1A2A1A15055407) and Ministry of Education (2009-0093816).

2025년 세계 국가의 20%, 전세계 인구의 38%가 물 부족에 시달릴 것이라는 예측에 따라 향후 물 부족 문제는 전 세계적인 관심사가 되고 있다. 따라서 지구 물 자원의 97.5%를 차지하고 있는 해수로부터 음용수, 공업용수를 생산하는 정삼투에 대한 관심이 점차 증가하고 있다. 정삼투 시스템의 경우 가압 조건이 필요하지 않으므로 에너지 비용을 저감할 수 있고, 막 오염 및 파쇄 현상이 역삼투 시스템에 비해 발생하지 않는다는 장점이 있다. 이에 사용되는 유도 용질 의 경우 높은 친수성을 가져야 하며, 농도 대비 높은 삼투압을 보여야 한다. 또한 유도용액 후처리 공정에서의 분리가 용이하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 정삼투 시스템의 유도용질로 Citric acid 금속염을 사용하여 성능평가를 수행하였다.

Aquatic ecosystems are receiving various harmful effects due to anthropogenic chemical pollutions. To protect wildlife, risk assessments of the chemicals are conducted using reference indexes of toxicity estimated by species-level laboratory tests and/or micro-/mesocosm community-level studies. However, the existing micro-/mesocosm communities are structurally too complicated, and it is also difficult to compare the experimental results directly with those from species-level tests. Here, we developed a procedure of a simple bi-trophic microcosm experiment which contains the common species (a green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and a cladoceran, Daphnia magna) for testing chemical toxicities. For the proper operation of bitrophic microcosm experiment, the minimum required concentration of primary producer (P. subcapitata) is 5×105 cells mL-1. The microcosm system showed higher stability when the initially introduced D. magna population was composed of neonates (<24-h old) than adults and those mixture. This simple microcosm system would be an applicable tool to estimate the disturbing impacts of pollutants on plant-herbivore interactions, and linking the species- and population-/community level risk assessments in the future studies.

이 논문에서는 9, 10세기에 만들어진 돈황 막고굴 제231, 237, 72굴 서 쪽 벽감 천장에 있는 서상도(瑞像圖)나 장경동에서 가져온 견본화(絹本 畵)에 그려진 서상 중에 미륵이라는 제기(題記)가 있는 도상을 다루었 다. 특히 이 도상에 대한 선행 연구를 검토하고 수정을 거쳐 새로이 알 게 된 사실을 추가하였다. 몇 가지 예를 들자면, ‘천축백은미륵서상(天 竺白銀彌勒瑞像)’에 관해서는 미륵을 백은색(白銀)으로 보는 근거를 고 찰하였고, ‘미륵수석가현서상(彌勒隨釋迦現瑞像),’ ‘건타라국백석미륵서 상(健陀羅國白石彌勒瑞像)’에 대해서는 선행 연구의 견해(同定)에 의 문을 제기하였다. 또, ‘복주철미륵서상(濮州鐵彌勒瑞像)’의 경우를 보면, 인도나 우전(于闐)의 서상이 대부분인 돈황의 서상도 가운데에 극히 드 물게 중국 내지의 서상으로, 문헌 사료에 따르면 구리(銅製)로 만든 모 조상이 개봉(開封)의 건국사(建國寺, 후의 相國寺)에 안치되어 여러 영 험을 보였다고 한다. 뿐만 아니라 돈황 사본의 서상기(瑞像記)에는 복 주의 상이 우전의 우두산(牛頭山)으로 찾아 와서 거주하였다고도 한다. 본 원고의 마지막에서는 하남(河南), 서역의 우전, 돈황으로 내력(由緖) 이 옮겨다녔던 복주천미륵서상의 성격과 의미를 논하였다.

국제사회에 대한 의존도가 높고 강대국의 틈바구니에서 생존을 모색해야 하는 한국 입장에서 객관적이고 냉정한 현실 인식은 필수다. 이에 이 연구는 G2로 부상하고 있는 중국에 대한 한국 사회의 재현을 분석했다. 연구를 위해 중국의 전승절 행사, 북한의 4차 핵실험, 개성공단 폐쇄 및 사드 논란 등 4가지 현안을 분석사례로 선정했다. 중국 재현의 실체를 파악하기 위해 이들 주제와 관련한 국내언론의 보도와 중국 정부, 언론의 주장을 비교했다. 연구문제로는 한중 양국 의 인식 차이, 인용되는 권위자의 차이 및 국내 언론이 동원하는 설득방법 등으로 구분했다. 분 석결과, 국내 언론에서 재현된 중국은 실체와 거리가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 중국을 대변하기 위해 동원된 권위자 역시 특정한 정치적 목적과 자의적 선택에서 자유롭지 않았다. 또한 특정한 방식의 이해와 정서적 공감을 위해 일부 사실을 축소 또는 확대하고, 권위를 만드는 것도 확인했 다. 중국을 비롯한 국제사회를 제대로 재현함으로써 보다 건전하고 합리적인 판단이 가능할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 계기가 되었으면 한다.

During the field operation of the Korean MBT(Main Battle Tank), the multi-smoke projectile launching system failed to function. As a result of conducting analysis, it was confirm that the gear shaft of reducer was failed. Therefore, a study on improvement in impact resistance of the reducer was conducted. The reducer was improved impact resistance by changing the design and material of gear shaft. The reliability of modified reducer was investigated by finite element analysis, performance and environmental tests. As a result of analysis, a strength of the modified gear shaft was improved by about 20 times than before improvement. The results of performance and environmental test show that the modified reducer is applicable for Korean MBT under the severe conditions. The quality improvement of multi-smoke projectile launching system contributes to survivability of Korean MBT.

Due to increased demand for remodeling and repair in construction market in recent year, the usage of horse scaffold is increasing in the indoor finish works. Injuries related horse scaffold are mainly caused by poor installation or of careless handling of scaffold. Approximately 300 workers are injuried at construction site every year, it is accounting for about 1.5% of the total construction sector and has increased on a year-to-year trends. But the main contents between national standards and speccifications related to the manufacture and usage of horse scaffolds are mutually inconsistent, In particular, the rules on occupational safety and health standards are the basis for the prevention of industrial injuries, there is no explicit application being made to the horse scaffold commonly used on construction sites. The purpose of this study was to analye the manufacture and usage situations in order to reduce construction injuries that occur at the horse scaffolds. It will be utilized the results of the analysis as the basis data for unifying the major domestic standards and specifications associated with the manufacture and usage of horse scaffold.