In terms of habitat conservation, it is essential to develop a habitat assessment system that can evaluate not only the suitability of the current habitat, but also the health and stability of the habitat. This study aimed to develop a methodology of habitat quality assessment for endangered species by analyzing various existing habitat assessment methods. The habitat quality assessment consisted of selecting targeted species, planning of assessment, selecting targeted sites, assessing performance, calculating grade, and expert verification. Target sites were selected separately from core and potential habitats using a species distribution model or habitat suitability index. Habitat assessment factors were classified into ecological characteristic, landscape characteristic, and species-habitat characteristic. Ecological characteristic consisted of thirteen factors related to health of tree, vegetation, and soil. Landscape characteristic consisted of five factors related to fragment and connectivity of habitat. Species-habitat characteristic consisted of factors for evaluating habitat suitability depending on target species. Since meanings are different depending on characteristics, habitat quality assessment of this study could be used by classifying results for each characteristic according to various assessment purposes, such as designation of alternative habitats, assessment of restoration project, and protected area valuation for endangered species. Forest habitat quality assessment is expected to play an important role in conservation acts of endangered species in the future through continuous supplementation of this system in regard to quantitative assessment criteria and weighting for each factor with an influence.

A strain of Alexandrium species was established by isolating cells from Jangmok Bay, Korea. Its morphology and molecular phylogeny based on LSU rRNA gene sequences were examined. In addition, growth responses of this Alexandrium species to changes in temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations were investigated. This Alexandrium species from Jangmok Bay had a ventral pore on the 1′, which was morphologically consistent with previously described Alexandrium tamarense and A. catenella. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that this isolate was assigned to A. pacificum (Group IV) within A. tamarense species complex. In growth experiments, relatively high growth rates and cell densities of A. pacificum (Group IV) were observed at 15°C and 20°C. This species also grew under a wide range of salinity. This indicates that this Korean isolate of A. pacificum (Group IV) is a stenothermic and euryhaline species. In growth responses to changes in nutrient levels, enhanced growth rates and cell densities of A. pacificum (Group IV) were observed with additions of nitrate and phosphate. In particular, rapid uptakes of phosphate by A. pacificum (Group IV) were observed in experimental treatments, indicating that the increase in phosphate concentration could stimulate the growth of A. pacificum (Group IV).

Suspended solids play an important role in the growth and survival of aquatic organisms. The marine zooplankton species tested in this study were Tigriopus west (Copepoda) and Haustorioides koreanus (Amphipoda) sampled from the intertidal zone, including Artemia nauplii (Branchiopoda) hatched from cysts. The study design included six concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg L-1) of the suspended test particles assayed in triplicate. Experimental cultures in 500 mL-round polycarbonate bottles were subsampled after 96 h to count dead zooplankton. The culture bottles were agitated at 4 RPM on a rotating wheel at 23°C and 30 PSU. The survival rates of Artemia nauplii and T. west were not affected by suspended solid concentrations higher than 50.0 mg L-1, whereas the survival rate of H. koreanus decreased with increasing concentrations (p<0.05). In conclusion, H. koreanus and T. west, which were continuously exposed to suspended solid concentrations higher than 50.0 mg L-1, were affected by low-intensity ecological stress. However, in the case of H. koreanus, a concentration of 50.0 mg L-1 may be considered to be the limit of tolerance to suspended solids, suggesting that the number of individuals who eventually die will increase if continuously exposed.

To investigate the tolerance limit and critical thermal maximum (CTM), behavioral responses of wild goldeye rockfish Sebastes thompsoni according to exposure to high water temperature were observed using a continuous behavior tracking system. As a result, behavioral index (BI) of S. thompsoni in each temperature (20.0, 25.0, and 30.0°C) showed a significant difference (p<0.05) when compared with the value measured in a stable condition of 15.0°C. The activity level of S. thompsoni exposed to 25.0°C decreased sharply after 20 hours. Their rest time at the bottom of experiment chamber increased, and their normal swimming and metabolic activities were disturbed. In addition, at a high water temperature of 30.0°C, S. thompsoni reached the limit of resistance and showed a sub-lethal reaction of swimming behavior, with energy consumption in the body increased and all test organisms died. In conclusion, the eco-physiological response of S. thompsoni to water temperature varied greatly depending on the fluctuation range of the exposed temperature and the exposure time. In addition, the tolerance limit of S. thompsoni to high water temperature was predicted to be 25.0- 30.0°C. The maximum critical thermal that had a great influence on the survival of this species was found to be around 30.0°C.

In this study, the distribution characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in subway platforms were investigated, and the performance of hybrid filter systems was determined through the removal efficiency of PM according to various flow rates and filter structures. The hybrid filter systems were constructed in magnetic systems as (Magnet-Magnet (MM) filters and Magnet-Cascade (MC) filters). PM removal efficiencies of these filters were investigated at a subway platform for three days including weekdays and weekends. The compositions of collected PM were also analyzed. Based on the PM measurement in the subway platforms, it was confirmed that the operation of trains had a significant effect on the increase of PM concentration, and a large number of PMs were less than 1 μm in size. For the MC filter, the removal efficiency of PM1 based on the number of particles was up to 30.5%, demonstrating a relatively high removal efficiency in comparison with the MM filter. In terms of PM10, PM removal efficiencies of the MC filter with respect to the mass concentration and the number of particles were 48.3% and 14.5%, respectively. For the MC filter, it was found that the PM removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase in the flow rate. Moreover, the relatively large particle size PM (i.e., 7.5 μm - 10 μm) denoted a maximum removal efficiency of 97% in terms of the number of particles. All PMs collected by the filter were Fecontaining PMs. As a field experiment using the hybrid filter, the applicability of magnetic particle control technology was approved. Based on this result, it is expected that this study will be used as background research for the development of fine dust control technologies in a subway environment.

Distribution of airborne bacteria in the entire regions of South Korea was investigated and analyzed by region and type of multi-use facilities. At first, 10 public facilities were selected including general restaurant, retail store, public transport, retail market, apartment house, underground parking lot, financial institution, business facility, educational institution, and public toilet, which are located at the regions such as Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, Jeju, and Gangwon. The regional distribution of the floating bacteria was identified that Micrococcus sp. was highly prevalent in Seoul (21.5 percent). In Daejeon, Bacillus sp. was highly prevalent (12.4 percent). In Busan, Micrococcus sp. was highly prevalent (22.8 percent). In Gwangju, Bacillus sp. was 9.35%. In Gyeonggi, Micrococcus sp. was 13.7%, and in Gwangju and Jeju, Micrococcus sp. was 11.2 percent and 92%. All in all, Micrococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. were highly detected throughout the entire region and multi-use facilities. Next, whether or not these airborne bacteria could influence the health of people was examined using HaCat human skin cell line which is human epithermal Karatinocytes related to allergic dermatitis. Among these isolated microorganisms, the HaCat cell proliferation was decreased by Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Brachybacterium sp., Brevundimonas sp., Kocuria sp., Mammaliicoccus sp., Norcardia sp., Prestia sp., Phychrobacillus sp., and Rhodococcus sp., while it was affected by the other bacteria. Therefore, these results have suggested that the airborne floating bacteria could be considered as the marker for the environmental risk management against atopic dermatitis, and it is needed for controlling the bacteria number that suppressed the proliferation of HaCat cells.

This study measured the suspended fungal concentration in indoor multiple facilities nationwide. The regions were selected as representative cities by region: Seoul, Gyeonggi (Incheon), Gangwon, Gwangju, Daejeon, and Busan. A total of 2028 regional comparisons, including department stores, schools, public toilets, libraries, and banks, subway, sports facilities and comparative analysis were conducted for each multi-use facility industry. Among the nationwide, Among the regions, the average concentration of floating mold in indoor multi-use facilities was the lowest in Busan at 394.67 CFU/m3, followed by Gyeonggi and Incheon 487.90 CFU/m3, Seoul 542.84 CFU/m3, Daejeon 809.30 CFU/m3, Gangwon 1,145.22 CFU/m3, Gwangju was 1,371.10 CFU/m3 in the order. Busan was the lowest, and Gangwon was the highest. The reason that Busan, which has a high average temperature and population density, shows a lower mold concentration than Gangwon, is that floating mold in the indoor air is not affected by the external atmospheric environment, population density, and number of facility users. Although it cannot be said that there is no influence of the atmospheric environment, it was found that the indoor environment has different characteristics from the outdoor environment. The importance of air quality management has been confirmed, and further, it is necessary to subdivide the management standards by region and multi-use facilities, and the management standards need to be converted to maintenance rather than recommendations.

To optimize initial cooling conditions, forced-air cooling was applied to freshly harvested oak mushrooms at 2 levels (0oC for 30 minutes, at 0oC for 1 hour) followed by room cooling at 3 levels (-3oC for 1 day, 0oC for 1 day, 3oC for 1 day). After initial cooling, the oak mushrooms were packaged with PVC film, then held in a storage room at 1oC for 6 weeks. Quality characteristics and percentage marketability were then investigated. As a control, Mushrooms were placed in storage with no initial cooling. The quality factors impacting marketability of fresh oak mushrooms were color change and appearance of decay. Off-odor did not occur or developed only slightly, so it did not affect oak mushroom quality within 6 weeks of low temperature storage. In all treatment groups, the shelf life in which 100% marketability was maintained was up to 3 weeks. At week 5, percent marketability of the 3 treatment groups 1 hour room cooling treatment at 0°C, 1 hour forced air cooling, and control was 100%. 80% In the group that underwent 30 min forced air cooling retained 80% marketability, and the group exposed to 1 day in room cooling at -3oC retained 86.7% marketability. At week 6 of 1oC storage, the marketability ratio was 80% in the 1 day room cooling at 0oC group, 66.7% in the 1 day room cooling at 3oC group, 46.7% in the 1 hour forced air cooling group, and 33% or less in all other treatment groups. Therefore, the most suitable initial cooling parameter to extend shelf-life of oak mushrooms is 1 day of in room cooling at 0oC immediately after harvest.

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia. The diameter and dry weight of the mycelia were increased in the medium supplemented with Aronia compared with the untreated medium. The total polyphenol content of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 6.54 mg GAE/g and 5.77 mg GAE/g, respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 61.81% and 49.65%, respectively. Moreover, the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 59.83% and 52.66%, respectively. These results confirmed that P. ostreatus mycelial growth and antioxidant activity were increased when Aronia was added to the culture medium.

반추위 미생물체 단백질의 아미노산 조성이 한우의 에 너지원 사료에 따라 차이가 있는지를 조사하고자 본 연구 가 수행되었다. 본 실험은 국내 한우 비육우 사육에 주로 이용되는 에너지원 사료인 옥수수(T1), 생미강(T2), 소맥 (T3), 소맥피(T4)를 이용하여 in vitro 반추위 발효실험을 진행하여 발효 24시간 후 배양액의 발효 성상, 미생물체 단백질 합성량(MPS), 미생물의 아미노산 조성 및 미생물 균총 변화를 분석하였다. 배양액의 pH는 T4가 6.02로 다 른 처리구들에 비해서 가장 높았으며, T1은 4.84로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). Total VFA 농도는 T2가 96.80mM로 다른 처리구들에 비해서 가장 높았고, T1이 53.35mM로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 미생물체 단백질 합성량은 T3가 222.50g/L로 다른 처리구들에 비해서 높았으며(p<0.05), T1과 T4는 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 T1이 가장 낮았다. DGGE band 분석결과 모든 처리구는 57.5% 이하의 유사도를 나타내었으며, 급여되는 사료에 따라서 미생물 군집 이 다르게 나타났다. 미생물 내 총 아미노산 함량은 T3와 T4가 다른 처리구보다 높았다(p<0.05). 미생물의 아미노산 조성 중 대부분의 필수 아미노산은 T4가 다른 처리구들에 비해서 낮았다. 하지만 methionine은 다른 필수 아미노산 과 다르게 T4에서 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 곡류 사료 위주의 급여 시 결핍되기 쉬운 lysine은 모든 처리구에서 미생물 의 아미노산 조성이 8.05~8.98%의 범위에 있었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 반추 가축 급여 에너지 사료원에 따른 반추 위 내 미생물 발효특성과 미생물 군집의 차이가 미생물의 아미노산 조성을 변화시킨다는 것을 확인하였다.

This study investigated the method of continuous improvement of small-medium company production processes through POSCO's QSS(Quick Six Sigma) activities. QSS is a field operation technique that encompasses the advantages of Six Sigma, TPS(Toyota Production System), TQM (Total Quality Management), and IE(Industrial Engineering). Through this, POSCO not only encourages activities centered on related small and medium-sized partners, etc., but is also expected to contribute to the continuous improvement of the company's own production process through QSS activities. In this study, rather than unconditionally carrying out activities according to the needs of large companies, the research is to help the continuous improvement of the actual production process of small and medium-sized enterprises by effectively applying and spreading QSS activities in consideration of the characteristics and environment of the company. For this purpose, empirical research is conducted on the process improvement activities and QSS activities of company Y, which has less than 100 assembly and production quality and inspection processes among SMEs. The changes in the production process improvement of SMEs through the application of the final QSS were investigated through empirical studies.

본 연구의 목적은 루어낚시 참여자의 손목 움직임 측정을 위한 스트레치 센서를 개발하는 것이다. 손목움직임 측 정을 위해 스트레치 센서를 손목에 부착하여 배굴, 저굴 그리고 랜딩동작을 게이지율, 인장강도 그리고 신장회복률 을 척도로 실험을 진행하였다. CNT 분산액을 이용한 전도성 센서를 개발하고 E-band에 동일한 조건으로 적용하였 다. 함침을 각각 한 번, 두 번, 그리고 세 번한 같은 크기의 5종, 15가지 센서를 만능재료시험기(Dacell dn-fga Universal testing machine, UTM)를 활용해 게이지율(Gauge Factor)을 측정하였다. 두 번 함침한 센서가 게이지율이 가장 우수했으며, 게이지율과 인장강도가 높은 세 가지 센서로 프로토 타입을 제작하였다. 아두이노에 연결하여 동작테스트를 한 결과, 인장강도와 게이지율이 가장 높은 시료 1이 세 가지 동작에서 일정한 파장이 유지되었다. 시료 2,3은 배굴과 저굴에서는 일정한 파장을 나타내었지만, 랜딩동작에서는 신호 노이즈가 나타났다. 이는, 랜딩동작에서 는 인장강도와, 게이지율에 따라 파장의 패턴이 다르게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과로 손목의 움직 임 측정을 위한 스트레치 센서 제작시에 필요한 조건들을 유추할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 루어낚시용 스마트 웨어러블 제품 개발에 응용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Japanese word, ‘omakase’, is used in Korean newspaper articles and analyze its inflow and settlement in the sociolinguistic background. The word, ‘Omakase’, is frequently used in newspaper articles in the areas of culture, economy, international, and local. It is commonly used in the area of food and beverage, and in some cases, it extends to other areas, such as the economy. The cases of uses in the existing category are sushi omakase, sashimi omakase, and Japanese food omakase. The cases of extensive uses in the food and beverage category are Korean beef omakase, native chicken omakase, seafood omakase, homemade meal omakase, and lamb chops omakase. Examples of use in other categories or creating hybrid w ords include o makase e conomy, omakase n ail, imokase, and Haenyeo-kase. The use of omakase in newspaper articles has gradually increased since 2002, and it has been increasing dramatically since 2013. The reason of its extensive use is considered the influence of various social backgrounds, for instance, the opening of Japanese pop culture or the entryof Japanese franchises into Korea.

본 연구는 지역의 환경·사회·풍습 등에 적응하면서 오랫동안 형성시켜온 유형·무형의 농업자원을 보전하기 위해 시행되고 있는 국가중요농업유산(KIAHS)에 대한 방문객의 인식을 파악함으로써 농업유산지역의 자원과 행태 등의 이용 특성을 도출하고 지속가능한 발전 방향을 제시하는 것에 연구의 목적이 있다. 이에 KIAHS제도 도입 시점부터 현재까지의 블로그 및 카페 데이터 수집과 분석을 토대로 특성을 고찰한 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상위 키워드 분석을 통해 농업유산지역이 무형의 특성을 보유한 공간이라는 것을 방문객이 인지하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 여행의 목적이 역사문화적 가치로 인해 발생되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 키워드 연결망 분석 결과 농업유산지역과 대표자원이 연결되고 있어, 지역의 대표자원이 방문객 인식에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 시계열적 관점에서 살펴본 결과 농업 유산제도 시행목적에 정합한 키워드가 다수 도출되었으나, 세계중요농업유산(GIAHS) 등재 이후에 집중적으로 등장하여 KIAHS 인식 확대 방안이 요구됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 감성분석을 통해 제도에 대한 이해와 인식 확대 등을 위한 홍보가 필요한 것을 알 수 있었다. KIAHS는 역사성과 대표성을 보유한 곳으로 지식, 문화, 경관 등 다양한 관점에서 접근할 필요가 있으며, 추가적으로 세부적인 지역별 특성에 대한 고찰을 진행한다면 지역의 대표자원 인식을 근거로 지역 활력화 방안을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Recently, cultural heritages in South Korea gain many interests of restoration and preservation from the government since many of that have been severely damaged during earthquakes. Many previous studies in both terms of experimental and analytical approaches have been done to examine structural behavior and decide appropriate methods of preservation. Being motivated by such researches, this research aims to investigate a religious stone pagoda dated back to the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. The structure consists of a granite stone foundation and baked bricks, which resembles the shape of traditional pagodas. In order to examine the structural behavior of the pagoda, an analytical model is implemented using ANSYS, a comprehensive engineering simulation platform. For the time history analysis of the pagoda, several earthquake excitations are chosen and input to simulation modeling. Seismic response of the tower such as time domain, natural frequency, modal shapes and peak acceleration measured at each layer are presented and discussed. In addition, the amplification ratio of the tower is calculated from the accelerations of each layer to determine tower stability in accordance with Korean seismic design guide. The determination and evaluation of status and response of the brick tower by simulation analysis play an important role in the preservation of history as well as valuable architectural heritages in South Korea.

케냐의 축산업과 양계산업은 국내총생산의 9%와 2% 수준이다. 2016년에서 2020 년 기간 동안 연평균 닭 사육 마릿수는 5,100만수, 계란생산량은 92,700톤 정도이 다(FAO stat). 케냐에서는 닭고기와 계란 생산성이 높으면서 각종 병해에 강한 개 량된 토종닭이 주로 사육되고 있으며, 사육하는 가금류 중에서 토종닭이 차지하는 비중은 70~80% 수준으로 추산된다. 토종닭은 농촌지역과 도시근교에서 농가당 10~20마리 정도 사육되고, 여성과 어린아이들이 사육을 담당하는 경우가 많다. 토 종닭과 계란은 상대적으로 저렴한 동물성 단백질 공급원이자 농가의 소득원으로 영양결핍 또는 기아상태 개선에 이바지할 수 있다. 그러나 사양 및 질병 관리기술 미흡, 열악한 사양환경, 수입의존도가 높고 값비싼 사료, 불충분한 기술교육 등으 로 생산성이 낮은 실정이다. KOPIA케냐센터는 케냐 메루주(Meru County)에서 양 계 생산성 향상과 농가소득 증대를 위해 2020년부터 시범마을 사업을 추진하고 있다. Ng’onyi, Ntalami, Kangeta, Mbaria마을 400여 소농들이 참여하는 사업으로, 우량 병아리 공급, 시판사료 대비 저렴하면서도 품질은 더 높거나 대등한 자가 사 료제조기술 전수 등을 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사업참여농가 80호와 관행농 가 20호의 2020년 및 2021년 경영성과를 바탕으로 사업효과를 분석하였다. 관행농 가의 농가당 사육수는 2020년 16수, 2021년 19수였고, 사업참여농가는 2020년 56 수, 2021년 81수였다. 분석 결과, 백신접종 및 질병관리, 자가제조 사료 급여 등 사양기술 전수, 양계장 시설 개선 등을 통해 사업참여농가의 계란 생산량과 소득 이 관행농가에 비해 전반적으로 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 세부 결과는 다음과 같 다. 첫째, 관행농가에 비해 사업참여농가의 한 마리당 소득이 2020년에는 3.6%, 2021년에는 22.5% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 사양기술 습득효과로 사업참여농가의 한 마리당 계란생산량이 관행농가에 비해 2020년에는 13.4%, 2021년에는 19.7% 정도 많았기 때문이다. 둘째, 사육환경개선으로 사업참여농가의 닭 사육수가 증가하여 농가당 소득수준은 크게 증대하였다. 자가소비용 토종닭 사육으로부터 소득창출용 생산체계를 갖춰나가고 있다. 셋째, 관행농가에 비해 사업참여농가간 생산량 및 소득수준의 편차가 컸다. Mbaria마을의 경우 계란생산량과 소득이 다른 시범마을 에 비해 50% 수준에 그친 것으로 나타났다. 농가의 기술수준과 기술수용능력을 반영하여 교육프로그램을 운영하고, 모니터링을 강화할 필요가 있다.