분무건조법으로 용사용 원적외선 세라믹/알루미늄 복합분말을 제조하여 플라즈마 용사법으로 알루미늄 모재에 용사한 후, 미세구조, 결정상, 열충격저항성 그리고 분광복사율을 조사하였다. 분무건조된 복합분말의 입형은 구형으로 34~105μm . 영역에서 높은 복사율을 보였다. 그러나 알루미늄 첨가량이 증가할수록 원적외선 방사특성은 감소하였다. 결과적으로 용사법으로 원적외선 방사특성의 큰 손실 없이 방사체를 제조하기 위해서는 20~30%wt%Al를 첨가하여 복합분말을 제조하는 것이 가장 효율적이라고 판단된다.

본 연구는 황토유황을 활용하여 벼 키다리병 발병을 최소화할 수 있는 최적 종자소독조 건을 선발하기 위해 수행되었다. 키다리병에 이병된 ‘신동진’ 품종 벼 종자를 공시하였고 황토유황 농도, 침지온도, 시간, 온탕여부를 구분하여 실내 및 온실검정을 통해 침지시간은 48시간, 침지농도는 1%로 최적 소독조건을 선발하였다. 그리고 모판과 포장시험을 수행하 여 온탕처리 후 20℃, 1% 황토유황에 48시간 침지 처리구와 30℃, 1% 황토유황에 48시간 단독 침지할 때 가장 효과가 높았다는 것을 확인하였고 위 처리조건으로 소독한 종자가 육 묘, 이앙, 출수기를 거치면서도 100%의 높은 방제효과가 유지되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 20℃에서 1% 황토유황으로 침지한 처리구에서는 포장에서 78.2%의 낮은 방제가를 보였다. 또한, 온탕소독만 수행한 처리구에서도 60℃, 10분간 충실히 수행될 경우 효과적인 벼 키다리병 방제가 가능함을 보여주었지만 온탕처리 후 황토유황으로 추가 침지함으로서 많은 양의 종자를 소독할 때 좀 더 나은 키다리병 방제 효과를 가져다 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 농가에서 온탕소독기와 종자소독기 둘 중 한가지 만 구비하더라도 황토유황을 이용하여 충분한 소독효과를 낼 수 있기 때문에 현장에서 보 다 쉽게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 제조방법이 쉽고 비용이 적게 드는 황토유황의 특성상 농가의 경영비 절감효과도 클 것으로 기대된다.

본 실험은 식용유와 계란노른자를 재료로 한 난황유를 이용하여 담배가루이에 대한 방 제기술을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 파프리카의 담배가루이 약충에 난황유를 처리하였을 때, 94.5%의 높은 사충률을 보여 화학농약인 피리다벤과 유의차가 없었으나, 토마토의 담 배가루이 약충에는 41.4%의 사충률로 식물추출물인 님오일보다 낮게 나타났다. 하지만 토 마토에서 난황유 처리구와 님 처리구에서 성충의 사충률은 유사하였다. 난황유는 파프리카 와 토마토에서 담배가루이의 산란에 각각 75.8%와 52.7%의 저해효과를 보여주었다. 친환 경재배 포장에서 난황유를 2회 사용하였을 때 파프리카에서는 100%, 토마토에서는 무처리 구 대비 38%의 가루이류 방제효과가 나타났다.

This study investigated the effect of organic materials (Bordeaux, Loess-sulfur) and the removal of apical shoot against downy mildew disease on cucumber cultivated in greenhouse. Five kinds of Bordeaux were made by adjusting mixing ratio of lime and copper sulfate in order to elucidate the optimal combination. The 4-6type Bordeaux was selected as the most effective combination for controlling cucumber downy mildew. Loess-sulfur showed inhibitory activity against cucumber downey mildew, but it was less effective than Bordeaux. It was confirmed that apical shoot cutting could reduce the incidence of cucumber downy mildew disease by 56.3%. When apical shoots of susceptible cucumber variety were cut at different leaf stages, disease incidence by early apical shoot cutting treatment was lower than that of late apical shoot cutting treatment. However in a resistant variety, ‘Heukryungsamcheok’, disease incidences of all cucumber apical shoot cutting treatments were lower than that of non-cutting treatment, but there was no differences between apical shoot cutting treatments due to low disease incidences. In addition, when organic materials and apical shoot cutting treatment were carried out in parallel, the combined treatments of organic materials and apical shoot cutting showed low disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew compared to untreated control. The lowest disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew was recorded in the combined treatment of 4-6type Bordeaux and apical shoot cutting. This study confirmed that apical shoot cutting can reduce the disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew and the combined treatment of apical shoot cutting and organic materials showed higher suppressive effect against cucumber downy mildew

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fresh chlorella powder on yield, quality and self-life of organic soybean tofu. After added with a fresh chlorella powder, yields, physical properties, color, shelf-life and sensory properties of the organic soybean tofu added with chlorella powder was compared to the properties of soybean tofu. The yield of soybean tofu increased with the addition of more than 1% chlorella powder. Hardness of the organic soybean tofu with chlorella significantly increased compared to that of the soybean tofu. However, Hunter’s color values of L, a, and b decreased by increases in the chlorella powder concentration. Total microbial population of the soybean tofu was higher than that of the organic soybean tofu with chlorella. However, pH of chlorella tofu decreased during storage period at 4℃. After 7 days storage at 4℃, the total microbial population decreased significantly with the addition of 2% chlorella powder. The L and a value of chlorella tofu was increased. On the other hand, the b value of chlorella tofu was decreased during storage. The results revealed that a fresh chlorella powder was a useful material to improve yield, quality and storage condition of the organic soybean tofu.

Potassium (K) is an element essential for plant growth. This study was aimed to examine the effects of three formulations of potash feldspar, powder, sand, and granule type on the growth of radish and beet in organic farming. 0.1% three formulations of potash feldspar were treated on the soil before transplanting 15 days-old seedlings of radish and beet in greenhouse. The results showed that all kinds of potash feldspar significantly increased shoot and root growth, and soluble solid contents excepted for root hardness in radish and beet. Among them, the powder type of potash feldspar was the most effective on foliage and root growth of radish and beet. Based on the results, it was confirmed that 0.1% potash feldspar treated in the rhizosphere of radish and beet can promote the growth of them.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the growth promoting effects and improvement of antioxidant activity of the soybean sprouts treated with Chlorella sp. culture solution. The soybean sprout treated with 0.1% and 0.2% Chlorella sp. culture solution was significantly increased the length (more than 43.0%), the thickness (more than 0.5~0.7 mm), fresh weight (more than 2.9~3.7 g) compared to non-treated control in vitro. In organic soybean sprouts farm, the 0.2% chlorella culture solution applied to mass culture of soybean sprout and the fresh weight of soybean sprouts increased by more than 25% and the yield was very high as 598.33% compared to untreated control. In addition of sensory test, there is no fishy odor and better crunchy texture and nutty flavor for the treatment soybean sprouts compared to untreated soybean sprouts. Particularly, free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of the soybean sprouts were significantly increased more than 26.1% and 40.4%, respectively by treated with 0.1% and 0.2% Chlorella culture solution. Consequently, the treatment of chlorella culture solution to grow soybean sprouts is also promoting quality and antioxidant activity as well as promoting the growth of sprouts. Therefore, chlorella is considered to be worth as functional materials for high-quality sprouts grown.

We evaluated two herbal plants, basil (Ocimum basilicum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), for their potential as repellent plants in the management of striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata), in organic production of chinese cabbage. It was confirmed that striped flea beetle avoided these two herbal plants in olfactometer experiment. We conducted field experiment in which the suppressive effect of the two selected herbal plants and cruciferous crops preferred by striped flea beetle were evaluated through cultivating as inter crops and border crops, respectively. In inter-cropping experiment, unlike in vitro test, the density of striped flea beetle was low in basil- or mustard-intercropping cultivation plot, but high in lemon balm-intercropping cultivation plot. In border cropping experiment, the density of striped flea beetle on chinese cabbage in lemon balm or basil cultivation plot were approximately zero. As a result of this study, we think that border cropping of lemon balm or basil can be used to reduce preventively

This study was carried out to identify the control effect of entomopathogenic microagent against Spodoptera exigua on organic chinese cabbage. In laboratory condition, insecticidal activity of 4 commercial BT pesticides against S. exigua were lower than 10% against second instar S. exigua. The insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic nematode were 33.3%, 83.3% and 100% at the concentration of 1×102, 3×102, 1×103 nematodes/ml, respectively. Mixture of BT and nematode showed growth inhibition against S. exigua larvae. S. exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) of 105 PIBs/ml showed more than 70% insecticial activity. The yield of SeNPV was increased as in higher initial inoculation concentration of NPV, food supply, and growth temperature increased. In greenhouse experiment, the control value of BT and nematode mixture treatment was higher than BT and nematode treatment alone against S. exigua. In treatment of 107 PIBs/ml of SeNPV, S. exigua was controlled completely. In farm condition, mixture of microbial agent and organic agricultural material showed higher control value against lepidopteran pest including S. exigua than BT single treatment.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed-sowing of legume forage and applying of cattle manure on the productivity of organic rye to provide dairy farmers with safe organic feeds. Also the present study aimed to evaluate optimal applying level of cattle manure and carrying capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area. The amount of crude protein was significantly higher in the mixed-sowing of legume forage (average 760~786 kg/ha) than in the single-sowing of rye (average 353 kg/ha) (p<0.05). The mixed-sowing of forage peas and the single-sowing of rye tended to improve by increasing the level of nitrous fertilization rather than the fertilization treatment. The amount of crude protein on the rye according to the mixed-sowing of legume was significantly higher in the mixture (average 8.29~9.90%) than in the single (average 4.93%) (p<0.05). The comparison by the level of nitrogen fertilization indicated signifi-cantly high for the rye in 50 kg N/ha than in fertilization treatments (p<0.05). Total digestible nutrients (TDN) amount in the single-sowing of rye was average 46.86% and has lower than average 49.96~50.12% of the mixed-sowing of legume, and especially the mixed-sowing of forage pea was the highest with 54.55% in 150 kg N/ha for the level of nitrogen fertilization (p<0.05). The breeding ability of annual organic livestocks per unit area according to the feed value of rye presented significantly higher ability in the mixed-sowing of legume (3.72~4.12 heads) than the single-sowing of rye (average 2.26 heads) (p<0.05). By summarizing above results, the mixed-sowing of legume is required to improve the productivity and the feed value of rye for increasing organic livestock breeding ability in southern area of Gyeongbuk regions, and the study for identifying the appropriate fertiliza-tion level using livestock excretions is further necessary.

본 연구는 전작물 재배에 따른 마늘 흑색썩음균핵병 피해 경감 효과를 평가하기 위해 2년간 수행되었다. 콩 참깨 호박 네마장황, 대파를 전작물로 재배하였으며, 대조구로 휴경처리구와 병원균 무접종구를 두었다. 전적물 재배 후 마을을 파종하고 재배하면서, 흑색썩음균핵병 이병주율과 수량을 조사하였다. 2013년 흑색썩음균핵병은 병원균 무접종구, 콩, 네마장황처리구에서 가장 낮았으며, 호박처리구에서 가장 높았다. 2014년에는 네마장황, 콩, 대파처리구에서 흑색썩음균핵병 이병주율이 낮았으며, 호박처리구에서 가장 높았다. 처리구 별 마늘의 수량은 2013년에는 콩, 네마장황, 대파 처리구에서 가장 높았고 호박처리구에서 가장 적었으며, 2014년에는 콩, 네마장황, 대파처리구에서 높았고, 호박처리구에서 가장 적어 이병주율과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 콩-마늘과 네마장황-마늘재배체계가 흑색썩음균핵병을 억제하기 위한 윤작체계가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines에 의해 발생하는 콩 불마름병은 콩을 재배하는 많은 지역에서 가장 많이 발생하는 세균성 병해 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 콩 불마름병 발생 억제를 위한 저항성품종, 파종시기, 작부체계에 대한 효과를 포장에서 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 100여 품종을 자연 감염된 포장에서 저항성을 평가한 결과 푸른콩 등 14품종이 저항성을 나타내었고 30여 품종이 병반면적률 3% 이하의 중간 저항성을 나타내었다. 또한 불마름병 감수성 품종인 태광콩을 5월 25일, 6월 5일, 6월 15일, 6월 25일 등 10일 간격으로 파종시기를 조절하여 병반면적률을 조사한 결과 23.3%-25.7%, 14.7%-18.0%, 10.7%-12.8%, 1.0%-2.7%의 발생을 각각 확인하였다. 불마름병 발생이 가장 낮은 처리구는 6월 25일 파종구였으며, 발생이 가장 심한 처리구는 5월 25일 처리구였다. 파종시기가 늦어질수록 불마름병 발생은 감소되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2006년 12월부터 2007년 6월까지 5개의 콩-동계작물 작부체계의 토양을 채집하여 불마름병 병원균의 생존밀도를 조사하였다. 조사결과 모든 작부체계에서 병원균이 검출되었으며 콩-보리 작부체계와 콩-마늘 작부체계의 병원균 밀도가 다른 작부체계보다 생존밀도가 낮았다. 더욱이 두 개의 작부체계는 콩 불마름병 발생도 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다.

본 연구는 유기농업에서 생물자원으로서 담수 클로렐라의 활용 가능성을 연구하고자 유기농 생태계로부터 담수 녹조류를 분리, 동정하고, 생물학적인 특성을 조사하였다. 조사 지역의 수온은 12.4~28.2℃, pH는 6.1~8.5이었다. 담수 녹조류를 분리할 때 고체배양법이 액체배양법보다 오염도가 낮고 분리 빈도가 높았다. 전국 9개 지역, 6개 담수 녹조류 서식처로부터 총 115개의 균주를 분리하였다. 담수 녹조류의 분리 및 배양을 위해 질소원으로는 NaNO3과 KNO3, 탄소원으로 Na2CO3를 사용하였고, macro media의 구성 성분 중 MgSO4 · 7H2O과 CaCl2 · 2H2O를 분리하여 제조한 BGMM(BG11 Modified Medium)배지를 고안하였다. 담수녹조류는 배양 후 4일째부터 급격히 흡광도가 증가하였고 8일째부터 흡광도가 감소하였다. 공시한 7개의 균주 중 CHK008 균주가 배양 7일째에 가장 높은 흡광도를 보였다. 담수 녹조류 배양에 적합한 BGMM 배지의 pH는 6~7이었고 조사되는 빛이 강할수록 생육이 증가하였으며 5종류 당류 중에서 Glucose와 Galactose를 첨가하였을 때 클로랄라의 생육이 좋았다. 순수 분리한 16개 녹조류 균주의 균총색은 녹색, 진녹색, 연녹색을 나타내었고, 11개의 균주가 형광현미경하에서 강한 형광 빛을 나타내었다. 녹조류 16개 균주의 형태적인 특징을 조사한 결과 C. vulgalis, C. sorokiniana, C. pyrenoidosa, C. kessleri, C. emersonii, and Chlamydomonas sp.의 2개 속 6개종으로 동정되었다. 담수 녹조류의 세포 크기는 종마다 다양한 변이를 보였다. 대부분의 담수 녹조류의 세포형태는 구형이었다. Chlamydomonas sp.는 타원형이었고 Chlorella sorokiniana는 구형과 타원형이 섞여 있었다. 6개 녹조류 종류 중 Chlamydomonas sp.를 제외한 모든 균주는 편모가 없었다. Chlamydomonas sp. 1개 균주와 C. sorokiniana 5개 균주는 세포에서 점질물을 분비하였다.

본 연구는 유기농 배추재배를 위한 주요 해충 방제를 위한 push-pull 전략 수립을 하고자 유인 또는 기피식물의 효과를 평가하였다. 2012년 충남 서산의 유기농 배추재배농가에서 발생하는 배추좀나방, 배추잎벌레, 진딧물, 비단노린재 및 갈색노린재에 대한 메리골드, 호밀, 부추, 상추, 치커리, 농우-치커리, 쑥갓, 트레비소 및 겨자채 등, 9가지의 식물에 대한 유인 또는 기피효과를 평가하였다. 10종의 유인 및 기피식물 중에서, 호밀과 치커리는 갈색날개노린재와 비단노린재를 각각 강하게 유인하였다. 진딧물은 다른 식물보다 호밀에 선택적으로 유인되었다. 겨자채는 비단노린재, 갈색날개노린재 순으로 유인하였다. 비단노린재는 상추와 부추 혼작처리에 유인되었다. 유기농 배추포장에서 쑥갓, 트레비소, 청겨자의 단독 또는 혼합처리는 배추잎벌레, 배추좀나방, 비단노린재, 진딧물, 갈색날개노린재의 발생을 강하게 기피하였다. 상기 결과들은 선발한 해충 유인 및 기피식물은 배추의 종합적 해충방제를 위한 인자로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This research was performed to test the effects of oleic acid for the management of greenhouse whiteflies and tobacco whiteflies. Tobacco whiteflies, especially, are the vectors of tomato yellow leaf curl virus on tomato plants. Whiteflies are not only the vectors of various viruses but also the major insect pests that cause direct damages through sucking and induce sooty mold with their sweet dew on tomato plants. There are many eco-friendly management measures including the use of yellow sticky trap and natural enemies such as Eretmocerus eremicus and Amblyseius swirskii. However, these management measures have difficulties to implement in the greenhouse. Therefore, in this research, oleic acid was tested for its effect on the management of whiteflies at various concentrations of 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm, or 4,000ppm. As a result, treatments of 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm and 4,000ppm oleic acid showed the control value of 70%, 76% and 84%, respectively. In another test, treatments of 2,000ppm oleic acid, and control treatment of 1,5000ppm neem oil and 50ppm dinotefuran showed the control value of 82%, 75%, and 75%, respectively. Cost for one application of oleic acid and neem oil for 10a area would be 3,180 Won and 20,150 Won, respectively. As a result, it was assumed that the use of oleic acid would be a appropriate management measure.

We conducted the experiment in order to evaluate the control effect of whitefly using the sticky trap. Both Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum were more attracted to yellow sticky trap than white or blue colored traps. When yellow sticky traps were installed in different height around tomato, catches of B. tabaci were not significantly different among the traps and catches of T. vaporariorum on the traps in the upper position were more than lower position. T. vaporariorum was more attracted to trap when host plant is smaller. The attracted number to yellow sticky traps were not significantly different between whiteflies (B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum) and their parasitoids (Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus mundus). Yellow sticky trap reduced population density of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum by more than 80% on tomato nursery in a screen cage. Population density of whiteflies in greenhouse installed yellow sticky traps was less than one third of that in untreated greenhouse.

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in physicochemical and microbiological properties during fermenting process of farm-made organic liquid fertilizer made of the mixture of organic materials such as blood meal and molasse during fermenting process. The pH level of organic liquid fertilizer during the fermentation decreased from 7.2 to 4.3. The EC of organic liquid fertilizer was increased from 13.9 dS/m to 99.3 dS/m during the fermentation. The total population of aerobic bacteria decreased from 8.2×105 cfu/ml to 3×104 cfu/ml, but Bacillus spp. increased from 2.1×102 cfu/ml to 4.2×103 cfu/ml during the fermenta-tion. Bacterial isolates were obtained from organic liquid fertilizers and identified by fatty acid-base typing. The Genus Bacillus was dominant as fermenting proceeded. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile showed changes of bacterial communities in organic liquid fertilizers.

본 연구에서는 안전하고 원활한 용수공급을 목적으로 하는 상수도관망시스템의 오염예방 및 위험관리를 위한 통합의사결정시스템의 기본구조를 제시하고 유럽과 미국에서 널리 사용되고 있는 다기준 의사결정기법인 PROMETHEE와 ANP를 적용해 상수도관망의 이상징후 판정을 위한 위험요소들의 우선순위를 평가하였다. 문제 구성을 위하여 pH 잔류염소농도, 유량, 수압, 전기전도도, 탁도, 블록누수량, 수온을 자료항목으로 선정하였고 관부식, 관파열, 관내수질오염을 평가