An application of the EQS (Eradi Quake System) bearings to a short period building structure and the structure earthquake responses according to the design parameters of the EQS are studied by the ICT Center case study. The features of the EQS application to seismic isolated building structures are investigated, and the design procedure to determine the yield load and the secondary stiffness of the EQS is also studied. A computational analysis is performed to confirm the applicability of the EQS to the building structure and the earthquake responses according to the design parameters. The ICT Center in Indonesia is adopted as an application case of the EQS. The application of the EQS is found to extend the fundamental period of the ICT Center. Three types of EQS with different yield loads and secondary stiffness are designed and applied in the earthquake response analyses. The analysis results show the response of the structure with respect to the design parameters and which type of EQS is suitable for the ICT Center.

The formation of modern architecture during the Weimar Republic in Germany is seen through the works by Bruno Taut, one of the leading architects during that period. Through the extensive literature readings on Bruno Taut and critical analysis of Bruno Taut’s ideologies, his works and the circumstances that he was in, the contention of this paper is that the root of modern architecture has less to do with functionalism and new technologies, but more to do with need to express new ideologies and expressions of their view of a new society. Although the socialistic idea did not account for sole reason for influencing their architecture, it did play a considerable part in deciding what architectural expressions are preferred. For this discourse this paper limits Bruno Taut's years from 1913 to 1932 prior to his exile from Germany; 1913 to 1923 being the years that constitute theoretical activities and 1923 to 1932 being the golden years for social housing when he participated on many public housing projects. It was during this period that his architecture put importance of practicality, and utilitarian; however the transition was not an abrupt departure from his expressionistic architecture but an inclusive act on his part.

In rapidly changing circumstances, the construction industry shows tendency to be more complicated and expanded and these changes are becoming the main factors aggravating uncertainty in straightening construction costs in the industry. The most important process in preliminary phase is calculation of appropriate construction sum and accurate estimation is required to accomplish it. Currently, local constructors draw up estimates by using the ‘per square meter’ calculation method or by applying of previous cases as they are. These methods become suppressive cause for making clear decisions by occurring errors in quantity survey in a way of data emission, replication and so on. Therefore, in this study, approximate estimation model of finishing construction shall be proposed to assist people to make prompt decisions in initial design stage. To develop this research, the existing quoting practices shall be presented and categorized by usage of space. To achieve this, information on performance, furnishings and unit price according to space definition has been collected in advance, which again enable ontology knowledge classification scheming database of space unit to be utilized and presented as knowledge information.

초고층 구조물에 대한 구조 설계 시, 구조물의 바람에 대한 동적응답특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 자기상관함수와 상호상관함수의 퓨리에 변환을 통해 얻어진 스펙트럼밀도와 크로스 스펙트럼밀도를 이용하여 주파수영역에서의 상관성을 분석하여 이를 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위해 풍동실험을 통해 형상비(H⁄√BD)가 4와 6인 정형적인 건축물에 대하여 우리나라 지표면조도구분 A, B, C, D와 기본풍속 25, 35, 45m/s에 따라 수평방향과 수직방향에 대하여 코히어런스와 디케이 팩터를 분석하였다.

본 연구에서는 풍진동 제어를 위해 39층 테크노마트 건물에 능동형 질량 감쇠기를 적용하기 위한 수치해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저, 태풍 풍응답 계측 및 풍동실험을 통해 테크노마트 단변방향 진동에 대한 사용성 개선이 필요함을 확인하였다. AMD에 요구되는 스트로크 확보를 위한 건물의 여유 공간, 설치 위치, 허용 무게 등을 알아보고 제진장치 배치 및 사양을 결정하였다. 그리고 테크노마트의 최상거주층인 39층 단변방향을 대상으로 한 1자유도 해석모델에 대해 선형제어방법인 속도피드백, LQR, LQG 알고리즘과 비선형제어방법인 Bnag-bang 알고리즘을 적용하는 해석연구를 수행하였다. 해석결과 제어 전·후의 최대가속도는 11.83cm/s2에서 4.19cm/s2으로, 진동감지확률은 90%에서 50%이하로 감소하여 Bang-bang 제어알고리즘을 적용할 경우 제어성능이 가장 좋은 것을 확인하였으며 각각의 알고리즘으로 구현된 AMD의 최대 스트로크가 모두 허용범위 수준을 만족하는 결과가 나왔다. 또한, 실제 AMD의 안정적은 작동을 위해 요구되는 원점보정 신호 방안을 제안하여, 제한된 스트로크 내에서 제진장치를 안정적으로 운행할 수 있음을 확인 하였다.

건축물의 소유자가 그 건축물저작자, 특히 원설계도서를 작성한 건축사의 허락을 받지 아니하고 증축 또는 개축하는 경우에는 저작권침해가 성립하는가. 이는 곧 원 건축저작물 특히 원 설계도서를 작성한 건축사의 복제권을 넓게 인정하여 그의 동의를 얻지 아니한 증∙개축을 복제권침해행위로 의율할 것이냐, 아니면 증∙개축의 경우에는 원 설계도서를 작성한 건축사의 이용허락 없이도 예외적으로 복제권침해가 성립하지 않는 것으로 볼 것이냐의 문제이다. 건축물의 증∙개축은 기존의 건축물과 별도로 완전히 새로운 건축물을 건축하는 것이 아니고, 원건축물의 본질적인 내용의 변경이 이루어지는 것도 아니며, 증∙개축 자체도 현실적∙사회적 필요에 의해 이루어지는 경우가 많다. 즉 건축물 증∙개축시 원 설계도서를 이용하는 것은 새로운 건축가로 하여금 적절한 증∙개축을 할 수 있도록 정확한 정보를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 여기에 건축저작물이 갖는 기능적 저작물로서의 속성에 따른 상대적으로 낮은 저작물성, 저작권법 제13조 제2항에서 규정하고 있는 동일성유지권 제한 규정, 저작권법 제35조의3에서 규정하고 있는 공정이용법리, 우리 대법원 판례가 인정하고 있는 건축저작물 이용권의 유보 법리 등을 고려하면 건축물의 증∙개축이 원저작자의 동의 없이 이루어지는 경우에도 저작권침해가 성립하지 않는 것으로 보는 것이 타당하고, 그 근거는 건축저작물인 설계도서에 대한 이용권이 건축주에게 유보되어 있다고 보는 건축저작물 이용권의 유보 법리로 구성하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각한다.

비정형 초고층 구조물은 골조 직교성이 해제되고, 형상이 복잡해 기존 설계방식보다 많은 문제점이 발생된다. 비정형성으로 인한 문제점은 설계안을 지속적으로 변경시켜 프로젝트의 효율성을 저하시킨다. 또한 해외프로젝트의 경우 해당업체 간혹은 해당국가 간 의견차로 국내보다 더욱 많은 변경상황이 발생되고 있다. 따라서 지속적인 변경상황에 전산플랫폼을 사용할 경우 효율적으로 설계변경업무에 대처할 수 있다. 파라메트릭 기반의 전산플랫폼인 StrAuto를 이용할 경우 최적의 구조 설계대안을 신속히 선정할 수 있다. 특히 StrAuto는 비선형 내진성능평가를 위한 해석 툴 간의 신속한 모델링 연동도 효율적으로 가능하다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 지진하중 변경에 따른 전산플랫폼을 이용한 내진성능평가 프로세스를 현재 구조설계가 진행 중인 몽골지역 최고층 빌딩 프로젝트에 적용하고 검증하려 한다.

본 논문에서는 풍동 내에 설치된 고층 건축물 모형의 정면의 양 모서리에 코너 기류제어기를 설치하고, 코너 기류제어기의 회전 속도와 자유흐름 속도의 비인 풍속비에 따라 건축물 표면의 압력이 어떻게 변화하는지를 조사하였다. 코너 기류제어기가 풍상측에 설치되었을 때 정압을 받는 풍상면인 정면의 평균 풍압 및 최대 풍압은 풍속비에 따라 거의 변화가 없었으나, 부압이 발생하는 풍하면인 배면 및 측면의 최소 풍압은 풍속비가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보여 주었다. 특히 풍하면인 배면에서 최소 풍압의 감소량은 측면에 비해서 더 컸으며, 풍속비가 0.98일 때 배면에서의 최소 풍압의 감소량은 약 36%로 크게 발생하였다. 또한 코너 기류제어기가 풍상측에 설치되었을 때 부압이 발생하는 풍하면인 배면 및 측면의 평균 풍압 및 rms 풍압도 풍속비가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보여 주었다. 특히 풍하면인 배면에서 평균 풍압 및 rms 풍압의 감소량은 측면에 비해서 더 컸으며, 풍속비가 0.98일 때 배면에서의 평균 풍압 및 rms 풍압의 감소량은 각각 약 34% 및 37%로 크게 발생하였다.

『Ohju Yeonmun Jangjeon Sango』 written by Lee, Gyu-gyeng is one of the most important encyclopedias in the period of Chosun-Dynasty. There are two chapters related to architecture in this book, one is 「ancestral rite·governance·human」chapter, and the other is 「architecture·human」chapter. Both of them are hard to understand because they are written in ancient Chinese and consist of various quotations in ambiguous way. This paper as a partial study is deal with the former. It makes difference between writter's original texts and quotations through textual research, and translates to modern Korean, and analyze information about ancient architecture in texts. The texts can divide to three sections. The first introduces three Chinese architectural theory books as 『Gogonggi(考工記)』, 『Yeongjo Beopsik(營造法式)』 and 『Mokgyeng(木經)』, and mentions about the prototype of the royal ancestral ritual building in 『Gogonggi Toju(考工記圖注)』. The second quotes 『Seoyeong(書影)』 to introduce 『Yeongjo Beopsik』. The third quotes 『PaePyeon(稗編)』 to introduce 『Yeongjo Beopsik』 and 『Mokgyeng』, and mentions about the counting unit of columns of the royal ancestral ritual building. Although the purpose for these quotations is not directly mentioned, but we can find it is intended to explain the architectural prototype and lay-out of the royal ancestral ritual building.

This paper aimed at investigating into the origin and meaning of the Japanese architect Terunobu Fujimori's 'piercing column', and drew a conclusion as follows. First, the piercing column that made its first appearance in his architect debut work Jinchokan Moriya Historical Museum (1991) was conceived unexpectedly from pencil lines on a sketch that went through over the building's roof. And the tree-like natural treatment of the column's surface was influenced by Takamasa Yoshizaka's description of a Mongolian mud-house. Second, most of piercing columns in his later works have nothing to do with a structural role as in Jinchokan, but were designed for a visual effect and as a symbolic gesture. Again, they allude to a tree in nature through a roughly peeling treatment of the surface. Third, considering his ideas in History of Humankind and Architecture (2005), his column could be related to a universal origin of architecture and a symbol of the sun-god faith, and in particular to independent columns of Japanese Shito shrines, such as 'Onbashira' in Suwa and 'Iwanebashira' in Izumo. That is to say, the Fujimori column is a medium that implies the animistic nature-faith of Japan. Nevertheless, Fujimori's naturalism hints at a disquieting quality through an intentional artificiality and a provocative conflict between structure and finish of a building, which might be one aspect of the modern condition, 'uncanny'.

Recently buildings are constructed in larger and higher scales and becoming more complex. However from small to large scale buildings and on construction sites there still are fire safety accidents that occur continuously. Therefore to improve fire safety plan, examining the actual fire safety management and understanding fire risk analysis Using Fire Modeling through Computer Simulation. On this study, the permissible evacuation times were estimated for smoke fall, temperature, CO concentration, viability, etc. Fire safety management plans for fire safety were suggested.

게임의 배경맵은 게임성을 향상시키기고 게이머에게 게임에 몰입하게 만드는 하나의 요소로서 중요한 역할을 차지한다. 주로 게임 맵의 구성은 지형과 산이나 언덕으로 이루어진 외부 환경과 성이나 건물들로 이루어진 내부 환경이 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 장르의 게임 건축물의 활용사례를 조사하여 건축물이 게임 속에서 캐릭터의 모션과 이동에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아본다. 또한 캐릭터의 전투와 미션 수행 혹은 레이싱 게임의 경우 건축물이 어떻게 활용되는지도 조사한다. 이러한 조사를 토대로 향후 게임 환경에서 건축물 맵의 디자인 모델을 제시한다.

In recently, sky-bridge are often applied to high-rised adjacent buildings for pedestrian bridge. the seisnic response control of adjacent buildings have been studied and magneto-rheological(MR) fluid dampers have been applied to seismic response control. In this study, vibration control effect of the MR damper connected adjacent buildings has been investigated. Adjacent building structures with different natural frequencies were used as example structures. Two typed of control methods, displacement based or velocity based, are applied to determinate control force of MR damper. In this numerical analysis, it has been shown that displacement-based control algorithm is more effective than velocity-based control algorithm for seismic response control of adjacent buildings. And, when displacement-based control method is applied to control of adjacent buildings, the control of building occurred large displacement is more efficient in reducing the seismic response.

Recently buildings are constructed in larger and higher scales and becoming more complex. Every country in the world is competing to build high-rise buildings. Korea also has and is constructing high-rise buildings, like the 123story Jamsil Lotte Super Tower. However from small to large scale buildings and on construction sites there still are fire safety accidents that occur continuously. Therefore to improve fire safety plan, examining the actual fire safety management and understanding fire risk analysis Using Fire Modeling through Computer Simulation. Fire safety management plan related fire safety cases were collected an dan analyzed for the study. Also hazard analysis of High rise Buildings under fire compared with existing fire law sand regulations.

This study is basically about four-guardian-statutes-building-gate in 17th Century. In the field of art-history, there are four-guardian-statutes made of clay in order that the statutes are so gigantic and grotesque enough to threaten all the devils. This purpose of this study is to make sure that the similar variation occurred at the four-guardian-statutes-building-gate in 17th century. The results of this study are as follows. First, only Da-Po style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates were built in famous four temples separately from 1612 until the Manchu war of 1636. And there are gigantic four-guardian-statutes made of clay in the building. Second, there are Chul-mok Ik-gong style buildings were built in 1660s at Bo-Rim-Sa and Neung-Ga-Sa. The buildings including four-guardian-statutes-building-gate of Song-gwang-sa built in 1636 probably are all similar to earlier Da-Po style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates in the viewpoint of structural type and size of building. Third, it began to build Ik-gong style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates in 1676 at Su-ta-sa.

This study was performed to investigate the asbestos contents on bulk samples of 4 building types(public, commercial, residential, school) in chungbuk area and collected from june 3, 2010 to July 10, 2011. We classified the bulk samples into the regulated asbestos containing building materials(ACBM) and architecture materials by 4 building types at removal and disposal sites. The results were as follows. </br>The detection rate of the ACBMs were found mainly public(86.6%), and residential (82.1%) buildings. The founded asbestos were chrysotile and amosite. Compared with 4 building types, the contents of chrysotile in public, commercial, residential and school were 32.6% (3-70%), 43.9% (5-87%), 39.6(5-72%) and 46.7%(range 4-89%), respectively. The miscellaneous materials were found chrysotile and a mixed form with chrysotile and amosite for 4 building types. </br>In the architecture materials, the contents of chrysotile was found mainly in slate (11.4%, range 2-37%). The slate in residential had high asbestos content of chrysotile (15.9%, range 1-31%). The textiles which collected from 4 building types were found chrysotile, the mixed form. The contents of chrysotile in cement flat board in public, commercial, residential and school were 8.9% (2-24%), 7.1% (1-16%), 7.9%(1-29%) and 3.7%(1-9%), respectively. </br>In conclusion, this study is suggested that it should be contributed to manage the ACBM in 4 building types and to protect the health of workers at building removal sites.

According to a recent government study, development and distribution of functional building materials are increasing in Korea.
In this study, we evaluated reduction performance of formaldehyde and toluene by sorptive building materials using small-scale chamber(20L) test method for 7 days.
According to the results of this study, 18 building materials showed that the effects of formaldehyde reduction among the 23 building materials. And the number of the building materials with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of toluene was relatively small.
The mean sorption rate and total amount of sorption for formaldehyde were 36.8% and 1,525.4㎍/㎡, respectively. The sorption rate and total amount of sorption for formaldehyde were in the range 1.5∼78.4% and 87.5∼3,086.0㎍/㎡, respectively.
And the mean sorption rate and total amount of sorption for toluene were 11.6% and 1,054.4㎍/㎡, respectively. The sorption rate and total amount of sorption of toluene were in the range 0.1∼62.4% and 29.6∼6,764.0㎍/㎡, respectively.
In most cases, the performance of the building materials with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of pollutants has steadily decreased within 7 days.