본 연구는 통합공정일정계획(Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling; IPPS)의 최적화를 위한 계산 효율성이 높은 탐욕적 휴리스틱과 유전알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm; GA)을 결합한 하이브리드형 유전 알고리즘을 제안한다. IPPS는 기존의 공정계획과 일정계획을 동시에 풀고자 하는 NP-Hard 문제이다. 특히, 본 연구에서 다루는 IPPS는 tool related constraints가 포함된 것으로서 전통적인 GA는 수행도중 infeasible schedule을 빈번히 발생시킨다. 제안하는 방법의 아이디어는 전체적인 schedule의 구조에 영향을 미치는 operation의 sequence와 machine의 결정은 GA의 procedure를 따르고, 목적함수의 부분계산이 가능한 tool과 Tool Access Direction(TAD)는 greedy heuristics을 통하여 infeasibility를 해소하자는 것이다. 이를 통하여 계산시간의 급격한 증가 없이 또는 기존에 비해 계산시간을 감소시키면서 좋은 품질의 해를 구할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 알고리즘은 benchmark problems을 이용하여 성능을 평가한다.

During the 1950s, the North Koreans rebuilt their capital—Pyongyang—as a modern city under the principle of Soviet urban design. One North Korean architect, Kim Jung-hee, has been widely credited since the late 1980s as the master architect of the General Plan of the city’s reconstruction. While Kim Jung-hee played a crucial role in its reconstruction, his heroic image as the founding architect of Pyongyang is considerably attributed to North Korea’s mythical narratives rather than his historical activities. This paper argues that Pyongyang’s postwar urban design was not a work made by a single actor, Kim Jung-hee; rather, it was a long-term collaborative project in which a team of North Korean architects and Soviet technical advisors took their respective roles. Beginning in the late 1980s, North Korea, which had been struggling with economic decline and an increasing sense of lagging behind in its rivalry with its Southern counterpart, used heroic narratives during the 1950s’ postwar reconstruction period as an important propaganda tool for their regime. In this mythical narrative of Pyongyang’s reconstruction, massive economic and technical aid from other communist countries has often disappeared, and the memory of the architects who contributed greatly to the reconstruction but later purged in North Korea have also completely vanished. Kim Jung-hee, meanwhile, remained in this epic as the founding architect who rebuilt the city in faithful accordance with the leadership of Kim Il Sung.

This study explores determinants of purchase intentions for vegan fashion products based on the modified planned behavior model. Survey data from 434 university students were subjected to an analysis using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that almost half of the consumers surveyed recognized vegan fashion products and a little more than a half of consumers surveyed had purchase experience for vegan fashion products. Clothing, bags, and shoes are the most frequently purchased vegan fashion product categories. From the results of the model test, purchase intentions on vegan fashion products were determined by attitude, subjective norms, ethical responsibility, and ethical identity of the consumers. When consumers have a more positive attitude, have higher subjective norms, stronger ethical responsibility, and stronger ethical identity regarding the purchase of vegan fashion products, they are likely to have a greater intention to purchase vegan fashion products. The findings contribute to the literature by adding test results for vegan fashion products among the ethical product categories, highlighting the importance of the consideration of product category, which can give somewhat different results when exploring ethical consumption. Based on these findings, marketers need to use special tags or signage highlighting the ethical values and meanings of vegan fashion products to better communicate with target consumers with a high level of ethical responsibility and to help increase consumers’ control over purchase behaviors through reducing barriers generated by insufficient product information.

Steel roof construction is on the most important and critical factors in the large spatial construction and necessary to be prepared under a radical planning. Therefore, the major management factors of steel roofing structure assembly must be critically reviewed during planning. Through the review process, it is necessary to reduce the construction cost, to prevent delays in the construction schedule, and to minimize construction errors. However, domestically due to the lack experience in large spatial constructions, a planning of roof construction is limited to have a radical planning. Especially due to unclear organization of the management factors in hierarchy, using them in reality for construction planning is difficult and reliability is low. Therefore, in this study, the goal is to conduct the major management factors in the large spatial construction. To achieve this, we have reviewed and analyzed the numbers of construction plans and construction reports and conducted a total 68 of the management factors. Based on the conducted factors, we have interviewed 16 experts with experience in large spatial construction. From the interview result, we have deduced the factors scored above 4.20 of 10 for critical factors. The results of this study will be used as a guidance for planning steel roofing structure assembly in large spatial construction. The critical factors will be provided to the site mangers for the quality management of large spatial constructions in practice.

신·재생에너지 보급통계에 의하면 바이오매스 발전실적은 2013년 부터 급증하고 있으며 그 중에서 가장 급격하게 증가한 연료는 Wood pellet으로 2013년 696Gwh, 2014년 2,764Gwh, 2015년에는 2,512Gwh를 발전 하였고 국내 Wood pellet 총 소비량은 2015년 기준 148만톤이며 그 중 발전용으로 소비된 Wood pellet은 108만톤으로 약 73%를 차지하고 있다. 본 연구에서 Wood pellet 소요량을 예측한 결과 국내 발전용으로 필요한 Wood pellet 소요량은 2020년 261만톤, 2025년 685만톤, 2030년 1,139만톤이 필요하며, 최적 바이오매스 발전량 산정을 위하여 바이오매스 발전소에서 국내 생산 Wood pellet 사용량을 50% 사용한다는 가정하에 기허가 신청된 발전소를 가동하기 위해서는 2021년 226만 톤의 Wood pellet이 국내에서 생산되어야 한다는 결론이 도출되었다.

The new businesses started by the companies usually results in being unsuccessful. The main reasons for that are either aiming targeting wrong customers, unsatisfaction of customers’ requesting quality standards, or taking wrong actions against the competitors in the market. Therefore, companies should aim the targets for the newly developing products based on the fulfilling values for the customers when they start the new businesses, and should take good cares for risk managements at the each step of the new business to prevent the failure in advance. In addition to that, the companies starting new businesses not only need to take the customers attributes (CA) into account, but they also should apply the new technologies as one system to initiate a new business to satisfy the basic wants of the customers. This article suggests the New Product Development Pursuing Model using the Indicative Planning methodology and the Quality Management tools. The New Product Development Pursuing Model would be completed by the following steps as below; 1. Drawing the CTQ (Critical To Quality) for setting up the new product development objectives by : i) using the VOC (Voice Of Customers) obtained by the QFD (Quality Function Deploypment) if the market is mature, ii) applying AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to information in the QIS (Quality Information System) if the market is unmature to get enough need information of the customers. 2. Risk Management in NPD : The NPD pursuing model consisted of the IP (indicative planning) is suggested not by the process of top-down-way mandatory planning process, but by the tools used in the administrative science and economic fields, namely by governance. The companies could apply innovative methodology for new products development processes to fulfil the customers satisfaction in the fields, through the CA (Contingency Approach) of the NPD (New Product Development) process.

국제해사기구는 해상 인명 안전, 해상 보안 및 해양 오염 방지를 위하여 전세계적으로 준용될 수 있는 규칙과 기준 제정을 목적으로 현재까지 전체 선복량의 99%에 해당하는 172개국이 회원으로 가입하고 있으며, 비준율이 높은 다수의 협약을 제정함으로서 그 역할을 견고히 해내고 있다. 하지만, 세계 무역 및 기술의 발달로 새로운 도전과제에 직면하는 상황과 발효 중인 협약의 준수로 파생되는 순·역기능으로 인하여 IMO는 협약의 개정 또는 새로운 협약 제정이 지속적으로 요구 되고 있다. 이처럼 기구의 광범위한 담당분야와 새로운 도전과제와는 상대적으로 한정적인 내부 조직과 예산으로 효율적인 기구 운영을 위하여 IMO만의 운영상 전략계획을 수립하고 시행 중이다. 기구의 궁극적인 목적을 달성하고자 6년 간격으로 채택되는 ‘전략계획’은 동향·기술 개발과 도전과제를 식별하여 이를 반영한 전략 방향과 전략 계획으로 구성되며 6년단위의 과제를 효율적으로 수행하기 위한 2년 단위의 과제로 구성되어 있다. 채택된 전략계획은 IMO가 수행하는 모든 활동과 예산 편성의 기초가 되므로 전략계획은 향후 IMO의 활동을 예측 할 수 있는 좋은 지침이라 할 수 있다. 제4차 혁명으로 시작된 새로운 규제로 신산업이 창출하는 패러다임의 전환과 친환경·고효율 기술 개발, 무인화 선박 개발에 따른 새로운 규정 및 국제 표준화 작업 속에서 회원국의 의제 문서는 더욱 중요해졌다. 따라서 회원국은 기구의 전략계획을 정확히 이해하고 IMO 활동방향과 동일한 의제 문서를 개발하여야 하며, 제출된 의제가 채택 될 경우 해사안전과 해양환경 보호라는 일차적 목표와 자국 해운·조선 산업의 이익 강화라는 이차적 목표를 동시에 달성하게될 것이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 IMO가 제시한 기존의 전략계획과 상위급 활동계획의 적용에 관한 지침과 새롭게 개정된 2018∼2023 전략계획과 동향·발전 및 개발사항과 과제에 대해 철저하게 분석하고, 우리나라 해운 산업의 강점을 바탕으로 개발할 수 있는 의제 및 영향력 강화 방안에 대해 고찰하고자 한다. 다른 회원국가의 IMO 대응체계 연구를 통하여 우리나라 IMO 대응 역량을 강화하기 위한 방안으로 첫째, 모든 소속기간, 단체, 연구기관의 정책연구는 IMO 동향·기술 개발과 도전과제를 바탕으로 수행, 둘째, 해양수산부의 해사안 전국의 업무 재편, 셋째, 지역적·정책적 협력 체제를 구축을 제안한다. 전략적인 의제 개발과 대응체계 개선으로 우리나라는 IMO 사무총장을 배출하고 A 그룹 이사국으로 국제사회에 해양 안전과 해상안전을 위한 의무를 다하고, 해운·조선·선원을 모두 갖춘 나라로서 새롭게 변화하는 기술규칙을 선제적으로 주도하고 시장을 선점함으로써 국내산업의 경쟁력을 강화하여야 할 것이다.

This research focuses on a scheduling problem in the semiconductor probing facility. Probing facility is composed of identical parallel machines and the parallel machines form three workstations for the tests with different recipes. Each machine can be set to three different tests and sequence-dependent setup times are required between operations due to temperature and probe card loading/unloading. Precedence relationship exists between three tests of each wafer lot. The scheduling problem for the probing facility is a parallel machine scheduling problem with precedence relationship and sequence dependent setup time. We develop heuristic algorithm to minimize makespan for the scheduling problem and numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance.