The purpose of this study is in a survey about communication in drinking party culture of university student, which looking into on unformal conception. In result, drinking party ascertained the truth of promoting mutual friendship among the members of friends, and gossips of others, counsel etc. And it building up homogeneity mutually on the other man about an interesting theme. Above all, recently communication in drinking party culture that university students think was special expression in a different dimension.

In this study, actual status of safety management for the objects of 173 university, government research institution, and corporate affiliated research center was carried out through questionnaires. For unexpected accident status according to kinds, scale, and types of laboratories, frequency analysis using cross analysis and multiple replies analysis was used. The result of this study is judged to be used for laboratory safety education prevention programs, laboratory environment improvement, investment or improvement of laboratories through the actual safety management status of laboratories such as vulnerable works for generation of unexpected sudden accidents according to kind, scale, and type of laboratories, period of occurrence, prevention education, necessity for preliminary test, and cause of laboratory accidents.

이 연구는 ‘미시문화기술적 연구 방법’을 활용하여 대학원 교과교육학 과목 ‘한 문교육원론(漢文敎育原論)’ 수업을 비평한 것이다. 본격적 수업 비평에 앞서, ‘수 업→관찰→기술(記述)→해석’이라는 ‘수업 비평 모형’을 구안(具案)하였다. 해석의 결과인 이론은 다시 수업으로 환류(還流)되고, 수업의 주체인 교수자와 해석의 주체인 연구자는 상호 작용한다는 점을 강조하였다. 필자와 연구 참여자들의 비평 활동을 몇 가지 양상 예컨대, 수업 프로그램 비평, 비평적 안목(眼目)의 양상, 교실 수업에로의 연계와 환류(還流), 그리고 변화와 성찰(省察)의 국면(局面)으로 범주화하고, 각각의 특성을 고찰하였다. 대학원 ‘한 문교육원론’ 수업 비평은, 현장의 한문 교사들이 한문교육학의 학문적 성격과 특 성을 알 수 있는 계기가 되며, 사범대학 및 교육대학원 한문교육학 관련 수업의 방향 제시에 도움이 된다는 점에서 일정한 의의(意義)가 있다. 한편으로, 이 연구 에 참여했던, 필자와 한문 교사들은, ‘한문교육학 연구자로서의 교사와 교수’라는 역할을 수행할 것을 다지는 전회(轉回)의 계기가 되었다.

본 연구에서는 대학수학능력시험[College Scholastic Ability Test] 한문 과목 [Chinese Characters] ‘한자 영역’에 대한 분석의 방향을 크게 ‘출제 경향’과 ‘문 항 유형’의 차원으로 그 범주를 설정하였다. 이 연구는, 한문 과목이 대학수학능력 시험 제2외국어/한문 영역에 포함되어 시행되기 시작한 2005학년도 6월 모의평가 부터 2009학년도 9월 모의평가까지 총 14회에 걸친 모의평가 및 대학수학능력시 험 문항을 검토 대상으로 하여 분석을 진행하였다. 먼저 출제 경향의 차원에서 살펴본 결과, 한자 영역의 문항 수는 전체 문항 수 의 20%인 6문항이 출제되어 출제 매뉴얼에서 제시한 시행 지침과 일치하고 있 다. 그러나 배점으로 보면 ‘6점(12%)～10점(20%)’로 구성되어 ‘한자’의 비중이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 문항의 평가 요소를 살펴보면 한자 영역의 학습 요소 를 고르게 반영하여 내용상 타당성이 높은 문항을 출제하기 위해 노력하고 있었 다. 다음으로 문항의 유형을 살펴본 결과 다양한 유형의 문항을 출제하고 있다. 변별도를 제고하고 정답률을 조정하기 위해 문항의 유형에 계속 변화를 주고 있 으며, 또한 기출 문항에 저촉되지 않기 위하여 새로운 문항 형식을 도입하였고 삽 화를 적극 활용하고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 대학수학능력시험 한문 과목 ‘한자 영역’에 대한 분석을 ‘출제 경 향’과 ‘문항 유형’의 차원에서 수행하였다. 차후로 측정․평가의 통계적 원리와 기 법을 활용하여 ‘문항의 양호도’에 관한 연구를 수행할 필요가 있다.

Kyeongbokgung succeeded in regaining its status as a royal palace after the reconstruction that began in the second year of King Gojong(1865) only to have most of its buildings taken down in the early 20th century. Fortunately, however, there is the Pukkwoldohyong(Map of North Palace), which drew out each of the buildings of Kyeongbokgung and their arrangement in details in 1907 when the royal palace lost its original appearance. And there is another plot plan of the royal palace at the Korea University Museum, which labeled it Kyeongbokgung-Baechido(Planning Map of Kyeongbokgung Palace). The map presents almost the same plan as Pukkwoldohyong in terms of making and expressive methods, being estimated to have been made in 1888 since its building arrangement doesn't show the changes made after 1890. The map also offers more information about the uses of each building than Pukkwoldohyong and matches the excavation results of the relics. Kyeongbokgung-Jeondo(Map of Kyeongbokgung Palace), which is recorded to be made during the reconstruction of the palace in the early years of King Gojong in historical materials, describes the shapes and arrangements of the buildings in a concrete and realistic fashion. The Kyeongbokgung-Baechido seems to be one of the plans made in the process of restoring and repairing buildings that were lost or destroyed in fire. The Kyeongbokgung-Baschido has the following historic values; 1) it provides dues to estimate the early state of the palace after the reconstruction during the reign of King Gojong. In fact the Sujeongjeon and Heungbokjeon show the early state of the reconstruction; 2) it contains data with which to understand the changes to the palace after 1890, around which they added Hamhwadang and Jibokjae; and 3) it offers information about the uses of the palace's buildings from 1885 to 1880 with its descriptions of the building purposes and relationships regarding the life in the palace.

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of diet knowledge and perception on diet practice behavior among university students. Data were collected between March and April of 2005 from 523 male and female university students in Seoul and Chungbuk, via a self-administered questionnaire. The subjects included 217 male students (41.5%) and 306 female students (58.5%), and 52.0% of the subjects were 21-23 years old. With regard to residence type, 42.6% of the subjects lived in the dormitory, home (29.1%) self-boarding (19.5%) and meal (8.8) were in the order. The average weights and heights of the subjects were as follows: 70.9±9.0 kg and 174.3±4.4 cm in the male students and 53.9±5.9 kg and 161.3±4.5 cm in the female students. The average BMI values of the male and female students were 23.4±2.5 and 20.8±2.1, respectively. The average nutritional knowledge scores were as follows: 1.96 out of 3.0, dietary habit (2.13), nutrition (2.0), exercise (1.98), preferred food (1.90), and chronic disease (1.79). We noted no significant differences between the male and female subjects in terms of scored points. Nutritional knowledge by gender and residence type were shown to be significantly different--the male subjects had higher scores for exercise than did the female subjects. The self-boarding subjects had significantly lower scores with regard to nutritional knowledge and chronic disease. The experience and duration of previous diet practice were also significantly different with regard to gender and residence type. The male subjects tended to conduct diet practice for longer periods than females. The self-boarding students reported more attempts at diet behavior, but for shorter durations. The results show that the nutritional knowledge and diet practice behavior of the subjects were influenced by gender and residence type.

For globalization of Korean food, It is essential to research and analyze target markets in advance. However until recently, there has been a lack of food research in regions of select countries in order to create systematic plans for marketing Korean foods. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the recognition of Korean foods as compared to other Asian foods in young adults living in Vaxjo, Sweden. Over 90 percent of the Swedish students had experienced Thai and Chinese cuisines, indicating their popularity as Asian foods in Sweden. The participants were attracted to six positive attributes of Asian food: 'fresh vegetables', 'low fat', 'chicken and sea food', 'exotic ingredients', 'good value for the money' and 'unknown foods'. The favorite type of Asian food was Thai food and Korean food was the least tried, as over 50% of respondents linked it to 'unknown food' attributes. Based on these results, in order to introduce Korean food more successfully, focus should be placed on the unique and unknown attributes of Korean food, as well as emphasis placed on its healthfulness, to stimulate the curiosity of target markets such as young Swedish adults.

This study examined the cultural dietary habits as well as attitudes toward food, within other life pattern elements, of students living in Gwangju City and Chonnam Province, Korea. Questionnaires from 1,000 student respondents were analyzed. The survey consisted of questions regarding physical condition and health status, dietary consciousness, food preference, knowledge of food and nutrition, and dietary culture. The results showed that 1.6% of the students considered their own physical condition to be extremely poor, and 2.7% and 2.1% also considered their father's and mother's physical conditions as extremely poor, respectively. Among the respondents, 18.3% were smokers and consumed an average of 14.8 cigarettes per day. With regard to their dietary habits, the students answered that they preferred to eat meals with friends rather than with family members, fruit was chosen for eating over health food supplements, and there was very little participation or interest in various food and cultural festivals. The female students had a tendency to alleviate mental stresses by eating, while the male students performed more physical activity to deal with stress. The female students also preferred cereal, fruit, fast food, and sweetened foods more than the male students. Between the smokers and non-smokers, significantly more non-smokers chose fruit (p<0.01), ethnic foods (p<0.05), and sweetened foods (p<0.05) as compared to the smokers. Body mass index (BMI) had significant positive correlations with soft drink (p<0.01), health food supplement (p<0.01), and alcoholic beverage (p<0.001) consumption, while BMI was negatively correlated with cereal (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.001), and sweetened food (p<0.01) intake. The health status of students was positively correlated with their father's health status (p<0.01), mother's health status (p<0.001), and BMI (p<0.05), as well as cereal (p<0.001), high protein side dish (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.01), vegetable (p<0.01), and traditional food (p<0.001) intake. The average body weight for female students was approximately 5 kg less than the Korean Nutrition Society's standardized weight, therefore, it is strongly recommended that measures be taken to develop a systematic nutrition education program that would help those students who often unintentionally skip breakfast or go on extreme diets to improve body image.

본고는 현재 우리나라 4년제 대학의 한자 교육 현황을 반성적으로 점검하고 그 개선책과 운용 방안을 살펴본 것이다. 그간 대학의 교양 교육은 지식인으로서 갖추어야 할 기본 소양의 배양과 문장을 독해하고 감상할 수 있는 능력의 신장이라는 두 가지 목표 아래 진행되어왔다. 하지만 시대적 요구와 교육환경의 변화로 인해 이제는 대학에서도 한자 중심의 실용적 교과가 점차 증가하는 추세이다. 2007년 11월, 25개의 4년제 대학을 대상으로 조사한 결과, 24개 대학에서 한자 또는 한문 과목을 독립된 교양교과로 운용하고 있었으며, 8개 대학에서는 “한자와 생활언어”, “21세기와 교양한자”처럼 ‘한자’를 부각시킨 강좌도 개설하고 있었다. 같은 시기에 수도권 소재 4년제 대학 재학생 200명을 상대로 조사한 결과에 따르면, 84.5%의 학생이 한자를 몰라 곤란을 겪었던 적이 있었으며, 대학 진학 이후 한번이라도 한자 학습 경험이 있는 학생이 45.5%였다. 또 이들 가운데 절반 정도는 대학에 개설된 한자 관련 강좌를 통해 한자를 학습했지만 한자 교재를 구입해 공부했다고 답한 경우도 34%에 이르렀다. 한문 수업이 어떤 점에서 유익했느냐는 질문에 대해서는 “모르는 한자를 배울 수 있어서”와 “언어생활에 도움이 되므로”라는 응답이 가장 많았고, “교양을 쌓을 수 있어서”, “재미있는 옛날이야기를 들을 수 있어서”, “다른 과목의 학습에 도움이 되므로”가 뒤를 이었다. 반면 한문 수업이 유익하지 않았다면 어떤 이유 때문이냐는 질문에는 “한자를 몰라도 학업에 지장이 없기 때문에”와 “교과서의 내용이 진부하기 때문에”라는 답변이 1위와 2위를 차지하였다. 요컨대 오늘날의 대학생들은 일반교양으로서의 한문보다 실용적 목적에 부합하는 한자 학습을 필요로 하고 있는데, 대학의 한자·한문 강좌는 이들의 요구를 충분히 소화하고 있지 못한 상황임을 보여주고 있다. 대학의 교양 한자 교육이 올바로 이루어지기 위해서는 다음과 같은 사항이 충분히 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 첫째, 대학 교양 한자 교육의 성격과 교과 목표를 제시하여야 한다. 중·고등학교 한문과 교육과정을 감안하여 최소한의 연계성과 위계성이 확보된 교양 한자 교육의 성격과 목표를 제시하는 것이 필요하다. 이왕지사 대학에서 한자를 가르치기로 하였다면 그 학문적 성격에 대한 진지한 고민을 통해 모호하고 포괄적인 목표를 수정하여 한자 교과에 진정으로 합당한 구체적이고 실현가능한 목표를 제시하여야 할 것이다. 둘째, 학습자의 요구와 수준을 명확하게 파악하고 이에 알맞은 학습목표와 학습내용을 개발하는 일이다. 학습자의 능력과 기대수준을 고려한 수준별 강좌를 개설하고 각각의 강좌에 알맞은 학습목표와 학습내용을 제공하여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 학습교재를 개발하는 일이다. 중·고등학교 교육과정과의 연계성 및 위계성을 고려하여 대학 교양교재다운 교재를 만드는 일이 중요하다. 넷째, 시대의 변화에 걸맞는 교수법과 교수매체를 적극적으로 개발하고 활용하는 일이다. 교육 환경의 변화에 따라 중·고등학교 한문 교과의 수업 장면도 예전과는 확연히 달라졌다. 교재의 내용이 진부하거나 평면적이지 않은지, 새로운 교수매체와 교수법을 적용할 수 있는지 등을 꼼꼼하게 따져서 효과적인 수업이 이루어질 수 있도록 노력하여야 할 것이다. 또한 한자 학습의 경우, 부분별·단계별 학습이 가능한 장점을 살려서 학습 자료를 온라인상의 학습 공간에 탑재함으로써 학습자들이 언제든지 자가학습할 수 있도록 배려하는 것도 중요하다. 다섯째, 교과목표와 학습목표의 성취를 구체적으로 확인하고 학습의욕을 고취할 수 있는 평가기준과 도구를 마련하는 일이다. 대학에서의 한자 교육은 점차 그 규모가 커지고 있으며, 이미 전체교양필수과목으로 지정한 대학도 여러 곳이다. 이럴 경우 해마다 수천 명의 평가 대상자가 발생하는데, 그 성취 수준을 정확하게 진단할 수 있는 평가 기준과 도구를 마련해야할 필요성이 대두하게 된다. 장기적으로는 한문학과 한문교육학을 전공한 이들이 기존의 한자자격시험을 대체할만한 새로운 한자능력 평가도구를 개발하여 사회의 요구에 부응하는 것도 고려해보아야 할 것이다.

This paper examines whether Korean students learning English are familiar with gender-neutral language. A total of 149 first-year university students were asked to choose the words they would use when speaking or writing English. The questions in the questionnaire consist of two types: Type I asked the students to arrange the given two words (e.g., gentlemen, ladies; boys, girls) in the parallel-pair form conjoined by and; Type II asked the students to choose one of the two words or phrases (e.g., policeman, police officer; anchorman, anchor). Of the eight parallel pairs in Type I, four were chosen where the word order of Korean and English is reversed (e.g., ladies and gentlemen) and the other four pairs have the same order (e.g., boys and girls) in both Korean and English. The students did better with the same order pairs than with the reversed order pairs with the exception of ladies and gentlemen. Of the nine pairs in Type II, a majority of both female and male students picked five gender-neutral words: anchor, firefighter, mail carrier, police officer and flight attendant. The four gender-specific words they preferred were chairman, salesman, freshman and actress.

The breast feeding habits of 507 college students were evaluated between March 27 to April 26 (2006). Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS for Windows V.12.0. The study population consisted of 245 (48.3%) male and 262 (51.7%) female college students that answered ‘yes’ when asked whether they had been breast feed. A total of 52.7% of the study population were fed with breast milk (most frequent answer), as opposed to 11.0% that were fed with infant formula (least frequent answer) during their infancy. When asked whether they ever got educated on breast feeding, 78.1% of the college student subjects answered ‘no’. A total of 95.1% of the female college students replied ‘yes’ when asked if they intended to breast feed their child. Moreover, 62.2% of the college student subjects indicated that their parents had an influence on their decision to breast feed. A comparison between male and female college students indicated that female college students had a superior knowledge level of the general characteristics of breast feeding over the male subjects (p<0.05) . Moreover, a comparison of the different levels of college attained suggest that freshman college students had the highest knowledge level, followed by senior, sophomore and junior college students in terms of advantage, BF Tabu (p<0.05). Also, students provided with education on breast feeding had a higher knowledge level than college students with no formal education. In summary, the results suggest that the knowledge on breast feeding in college students were different by general characteristics such as gender, major and school year, and education on breast feeding in advance was appeared to be an important factor, therefore nutritional education course on breast feeding is recommended for the college students.

This study analyzed the survey results of 302 college students from a coed university in Korea. The following three research components were examined: relationships among different eating styles, violation behaviors after unwanted eating, and consumption behaviors for three different food types. The analysis results showed that restrained eating was positively related to emotional eating, but negatively related to external eating. And emotional and external eating displayed a positive relationship. Body shape dissatisfaction was a significant variable in explaining restrained eating behavior. After unwanted eating, the restrained eaters expressed more regrets and stronger determination to diet than the less restrained eaters. The emotional eaters and external eaters responded that they could not stop eating and performed binge eating behaviors when they failed their diet. With regard to food attitudes and eating styles, snacks were favorably related to emotional eating. Fast food attitudes were negatively associated with restrained eating. Preference was the only significant variable in explaining snack consumption frequency; however sex, preference, and restrained eating were significant for fast foods. Finally, vegetarian foods were explained by preference and sex.