도시농업 및 원예치료 프로그램용 쑥 종묘 유통기술을 개발하기 위해 용도별 쑥의 소요량, 종묘 유형별 수확기 까지 소요일 및 수확량, 용기 크기와 쑥의 수확량, 유통조건에 따른 쑥 종묘의 품질을 조사하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 쑥 종묘의 패키지 개발 및 쑥 종묘의 유통 방법을 유형화 하였다. 쑥의 용도별 소요량은 전, 쑥떡 및 쑥버무리기는 200g을 기준으로 할 때 각각 10, 15 및 40g이, 실크 스카프 1개를 염색하는 데는 40g이 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 초장 10cm를 기준으로 종묘 유형별 쑥의 수확기까지의 소요일은 실생이 39일, 삽목묘 32일, 1년생 근경이 25일 이었으며, 1차 수확시 수확량은 각각 0.3, 2.1 및 13.2g이었다. 쑥의 근경 및 묘를 예취한 것을 식재하면 27일 이내에 수확이 가능하였다. 용기 종류 및 크기를 달리하여 식재한 결과 1차 수확시 포트(H 8.5 × R 10cm)에서는 13.3g, W 12.5×L 18.0×H 5.5cm 크기의 플라스틱 용기에서는 35.6g, W 12.5 × L 20.0 × H 10.0cm 용기에서는 39.4g을 수확할 수 있었다. 종묘는 저온에서 3일 동안 유통을 시켜도 품질의 변화가 없었다. 쑥 묘와 함께 용기, 원예상토, 배수층, 식물영양제, 재배관리 설명서, 이용설명서 등을 패키지로 한 것을 이용하여 1개월 이내에 수확이 가능하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 고려할 때 쑥 묘의 유통은 묘를 용기에 식재하여 유통하는 방법, 묘를 용기에 식재 후 재배한 다음 예취를 하고 저온저장을 하면서 유통시키는 방법, 쑥의 근경이나 묘 등과 이용에 필요한 것들을 패키지화하여 유통시키는 방법이 도시농업 및 원예치료용으로 활용성이 높을 것으로 기대되었다.

The present study aims to evaluate the characteristics of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in roadside and residential areas of two Korean metropolitan cities (Seoul and Incheon) and a background area (Seokmolee). This purpose was established by analyzing temporal and spacial concentration distribution of total and 7 individual PAHs, which were extracted from ambient particulate matters, and by utilizing a multivariate statistical method (principal component analysis, PCA) for the qualitative determination of potential PAH sources. Target PAHs included benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), chrysene (Chr), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IcdP). For all surveyed sites, the concentrations of total PAHs were higher in winter season than in other seasons. However, the concentrations of individual PAHs varied with surveyed sites. In both residential and roadside sites of Seoul and Incheon, BbF revealed the highest atmospheric levels. For all 7 target PAHs, the ambient concentrations were higher in Seoul and Incheon than in a background area (Seokmolee). In both residential and roadside areas, the concentrations of 4 target PAHs (BaA, BbF, BkF, DahA) were higher in Incheon than in Seoul. However, both the residential and roadside Chr concentrations were comparable in Seoul and Incheon. In addition, the residential IcdP concentrations were higher in Incheon than in Seoul, whereas the roadside concentrations were higher in Seoul. The roadside and residential BaP concentrations exhibited the reverse result to the IcdP concentrations. An PCA analysis suggested that atmospheric PAHs in both residential and roadside areas would be due to combined effects of several potential sources such as gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles, coal/oil combustion, and waste incineration.

This study was conducted to investigate runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants source at the urban area in boeun area, Chungbuk Province. The monitoring site covering the watershed of 2.11 km 2 contains about 40.3 % of total watershed with the urban area. The monitoring was conducted with six events for five months and Event Mean Concentration(EMC) and Site Mean Concentration(SMC) of SS, BOD, CODMn, T-N, T-P were calculated on the result of the water quality parameters. As a result of the comparion between Arithmetic Mean Concentration and Event Mean Concentration, it showed that over all Event Mean Concentration was higher than Arithmetic Mean Concentration. And it showed that SS, BOD, T-P featured the first-flushing effect, showing relatively high concentration in early-stage storm event.

To solve a problem of water supply on urban areas, groundwater recharge has to be assessed not only for evaluating the possibility of groundwater development but also for identifying a sustainable aquifer system for water resource development. The assessment of groundwater recharge has been challenged since the land use has been changed constantly. In this study, the groundwater recharge and its ratio were assessed from 1961 to 2007 in Su-yeong-gu, Busan, South Korea by analyzing precipitation, land use, and soil characteristics. For land use analysis, the urbanization change was considered. The land use areas for the residential, agricultural, forest, pasture, bare soil, and water in 1975 occupy 18.6 %, 30.0%, 48.8%, 0.1%, 2.0%, and 0.5% of total area, respectively. The land use ratios were sharply changed from 1980 to 1985; the agricultural area was decreased to 18.3%, and the residential area was increased to 15.0%. From 1995 to 2000, the agricultural area was decreased to 5.5%, and the residential area was increased to 5.4%. The annual averages of precipitation, groundwater recharge, and its ratio were 1509.3 mm, 216.0 mm, and 14.3% respectively. The largest amount of the groundwater recharge showed in 1970 as 408.9 mm, comparing to 2138.1 mm of annual rainfall. Also, the greatest ratio of the groundwater recharge was 19.8% in 1984 with 1492.6 mm of annual rainfall. The lowest amount and ratio of the groundwater recharge were 71.9 mm and 8.0% in 1988, relative to 901.5 mm of annual precipitation. As a result, it is concluded that rainfall has increased, whereas groundwater recharge has decreased between 1961 and 2007.

본 연구는 항구도시 칭다오가 20세기 전반에 근대도시로 형성되는 과정에 관한 연구이다. 칭다오의 근대도시화 과정은 동아시아 항구도시의 공통점을 보여주며 강대국 등 정치적 지배 세력에 의해 4개 시기로 구분된다. 첫 번째 독일 점령기 동안에는 칭다오의 구도심 영역이 집중적으로 형성되었다. 두 번째 일본 1차 점령기 동안 칭다오의 도심 영역은 북쪽과 동쪽으로 확장되어 기존 도심의 북쪽으로 금융 및 업무시설이 형성되었고 그 북쪽에서 대항에 이르는 지역에는 공업지역이 넓게 형성되었다. 세 번째 북양군벌 및 국민당 통치기 동안 칭다오는 국제적인 상업과 금융, 휴양도시로서 급격하게 확장되었다. 네 번째 일본 2차 점령기 동안 건축 활동은 활발하지 못했으며 이 기간 동안 일본은 중국 대륙 침략의 관문으로서 칭다오를 활용하고자 했다.

Differently from fly ash, the bottom ash produced from incinerated urban solid waste has been treated as an industrial waste matter, and almost reclaimed a tract form the sea. If this waste material is applicable to foam concrete as an fine aggregate, however, it may be worthy of environmental preservation by recycling of waste material as well as reducing self-weight of high-rising structure and long-span bridge. This research has an objective of evaluating the effects of application of bottom ash on the mechanical properties of foam concrete. Thus, the ratio of bottom ash to cement was selected as a variable for experiment and the effect was tested by compression strength, flexural strength, absorption ratio, density, expansion factor. It can be observed from experiments that the application ratios have different effects on the material parameters considered in this experiment, thus major relationship between application ratio and each material parameter were finally introduced. The result of this study can be applied to decide a optimal mix design proportion of foam light-weight concrete while bottom ash is used as an fine aggregate of the concrete.

자연형 하천조성 후 5년 이상 경과한 도시지역의 하천(안양천, 양재천, 오산천, 장수천, 학의천)을 대상으로 LAWA (Laenderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser, 독일 연방 물관리 연구공동체) 기법을 활용하여 하천의 물리적 구조평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과 소위 자연형 하천 공법이 적용된 대상하천임에도 불구하고 하천의 물리적 구조적 생태성이 개선되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 대상하천의 종단면의 구조, 하안구조 및 하천변 토지이용도의

본 연구는 도시철도 터널내 화재시 구조체의 내화성능을 평가하기 위한 기준을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 현재 국내 도심의 지하철 터널 구간은 135㎞로써 그 규모가 세계 4위 이며 대도시들의 도시철도 터널건설의 증가와 그 연장이 길어짐에 따라 터널 내 화재사고가 갈수록 높아지고 있는 상황이다. 하지만 국내에는 도시철도 터널 화재에 대한 내화성능평가에 기본적으로 적용되는 시간-온도 곡선이 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 도시철도 터널의 통행량, 차량 종류 등을 고려한 열방출율을 기초로 외국에서 제시된 시간-온도 곡선을 검토하였으며 국내 실정에 맞는 설계화재 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 제시된 설계화재모델에 대해 수치해석을 통하여 화재시 도시철도 터널 구조체의 온도분포를 산정하였다.

Actual evapotranspiration (AET) in the Suyeong-gu was estimated and correlations between AET and meteorological factors were analyzed. The study area was Suyeong-gu lay at the east longitude 129° 05′40″∼ 129° 08′08″ and north latitude 35° 07′59″∼ 35° 11′01″. The Kumryun mountain, the Bae mountain, the Suyeong river and the Suyeong bay are located on west, north, northeaster and south side in the study area, respectively. AET was estimated using precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and plant-available water coefficient. Meteorological factors to estimate PET were air temperature, dewpoint temperature, atmospheric pressure, duration of sunshine and mean wind speed (MWS). PET and AET were estimated by a method of Allen et al. (1998) and Zhang et al. (2001), respectively. PET was the highest value (564.45 mm/yr) in 2002 year, while it was the lowest value (449.95 mm/yr) in 2003 year. AET was estimated highest value (554.14 mm/yr) in 2002 year and lowest value (427.91 mm/yr) in 2003 year. Variations of PET and AET were similar. The linear regression function of AET as PET using monthly data was and coefficient of determination was high, 0.75. In order to analyze relationship between the evapotranspiration and meteorological factors, correlation analysis using monthly data were accomplished. Correlation coefficient of AET-PET was 0.96 high, but they of AET-P and PET-P were very low. Correlation coefficients of AET-MWS and PET-MWS were 0.67 and 0.73, respectively. Thus, correlation between evapotranspiration and MWS was the highest among meteorological factors in Suyong-gu. This means that meteorological factor to powerfully effect for the variation of evapotranspiration was MWS. The linear regression function of AET as MWS was and coefficient of determination was 0.54. The linear regression function of PET as MWS was and coefficient of determination was 0.45.

The present study explores time and spatial thermal environment for Daegu, which is a city built on a basin area, according to varying land cover conditions of the earth's surface by analyzing data derived from meteorological observation and satellite images. The study has classified land use by utilizing MODIS satellite images and analyzed land surface temperature. Also, by using data acquired from automatic weather system, the study has evaluated the effects of atmospheric heating caused by city pavements by analyzing the sensible heat flux between the city's land surface and the atmosphere.The results are as follows. 1) Classification of land use in the Daegu area shows 46.64% of urban and built-up area, 1.39% of watersides, 35.19% of forest, 11.43% of crops, and 5.37% grasslands. 2) During the weekdays throughout the year, the land surface temperature was high for Dalseogu, Bukgu, and Seogu regions where industrial complexes could be found. Comparatively, lower temperature could be observed in the woodlands. 3) While the land surface temperature displayed the effects of pushing air upwards during the weekdays in urban areas, the reverse was true for forest regions. During the night, the temperature did not exert any significant influence on air movement.

The relationship between air temperatures and the fraction of urban areas (FUA) and their linear regression equation were estimated using land-use data provided by the water management information system (WAMIS) and air temperatures by the Korea Meteorology Administration (KMA) in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) during 1975 through 2000. The future FUA in the SMA (from 2000 to 2030) was also predicted by the urban growth model (i.e., SLEUTH) in conjunction with several dataset (e.g., urban, roads, etc.) in the WAMIS. The estimated future FUA was then used as input data for the linear regression equation to estimate an annual mean minimum air temperature in the future (e.g., 2025 and 2030). The FUA in the SMA in 2000 simulated by the SLEUTH showed good agreement with the observations (a high accuracy (73%) between them). The urban growth in the SMA was predicted to increase by 16% of the total areas in 2025 and by 24% in 2030. From the linear regression equation, the annual mean minimum air temperature in the SMA increased about 0.02℃/yr and it was expected to increase up to 8.3℃ in 2025 and 8.7℃ in 2030.

본 연구는 도시소비자를 대상으로 수행한 원예활동 프로그램에 대한 활동참가자들의 인식과 만족도를 조사하여 향후 도시소비자 원예활동 프로그램의 수정 및 보완에 활용하고자 충청북도 청주시 농업기술센터의 대회의실과 원예치료체험실, 시설하우스 등에서 주 1회 방문 시 오전 10시부터 12시까지 2시간 동안, 오후 1시부터 3시까지 2시간 동안 1일 2회의 활동을 수행하여 2009년 3월 17일부터 6월 24일까지 총 12주, 총 24회 활동이 총 90명의 도시소비자에게 실시되었다. 본 프로그램에 대한 일반적 인식에 대한 결과는 참여동기로 ‘프로그램 자체에 흥미가 있어서’가 41.7%로 가장 많이 나타났고 정보습득경로는 ‘주위의 소개로’가 76.1%로 가장 많이 나타났다. 프로그램 참여시 주요 고려사항은 ‘프로그램의 내용 및 방법’이 가장 높았고 본 프로그램 중 가장 관심을 가지고 있는 분야는 ‘꾸미기’가 60.6%로 가장 많이 나타났다. 가장 만족스러웠던 활동은 총 응답의 27.4%가 ‘테라리움’이였고 가장 불만족스러웠던 활동은 ‘압화활동’이 6.8%로 나타났다. 이외 프로그램이 진행된 장소의 거리와 위치, 이용료, 수강기간, 진행요일, 진행시각, 회기별 시간, 참가인원, 진행요원 수, 강사, 참가자들의 태도, 시설 분위기, 재료 및 도구, 충실도, 교육수준, 사회적 교류 증가도, 여가활동 시간증가 정도, 전문지식 및 기술증가정도, 흥미정도, 지역내 농특산물 및 원예식물 구입 가계소비를 포함한 전체 만족도는 ‘매우 그렇다’가 47.8%, ‘보통이다’가 37.7%로 나타났다.

대전시의 다문화 가정은 다른 지역과 다른 독특한 특징을 가지고 있다. 농어촌 지역의 다문화 가정과 크게 다른 것은 물론이고, 다른 도시 지역과도 구별되는 특징들을 가지고 있다. 대전시만의 특수한 환경으로 고학력의 이주민이나 거주민들이 상당히 많으며, 장기 해외 거주 귀국 자녀 및 일시적 거주 외국인 가정들도 많고 새터민들도 있다. 그렇기 때문에 대전시의 다문화 교육은 이와 같은 특성과 환경을 고려한 대전시만의 맞춤형 교육이 되어야 한다. 이에 본고에서는 우선 대전시 다문화 가정 구성원들의 특성을 분석, 파악하고 이들에게 필요한 다문화 교육 프로그램과 초등 교사들이 요구하는 다문화 교육 프로그램 내용을 조사하였다. 그리고 이러한 조사 결과를 바탕으로 현재 대전광역시 서부다문화 교육센터에서 개발, 시행하고 있는 실제 다문화 교육 프로그램을 소개하였다.

본 연구에서는 도시화와 기후변화에 대한 미래시나리오를 구성하고 각각의 시나리오별로 수자원 관리 대안들에 대한 효과분석을 수행하였다. 기후변화 시나리오는 SDSM (Statiatical Downscaling Method) 모형을 이용하여 구축하였으며 도시화는 불투수면 모형(Impervious cover model, ICM)을 이용하였다. 안양천 유역에 대해 하수처리수 재이용, 저수지 재개발 대안들을 유황곡선(flow duration curve)과 BOD

본 연구는 기후변화와 토지이용 변화로 인한 물순환 영향을 분석하기 위해 통계학적 축소모형(SDSM), 연속유출모형인 HSPF 모형, 불투수면 모형을 결합하는 통합접근법을 제시하였다. 이러한 기법을 안양천 유역에 적용하여 치수, 이수, 수질관리 측면에서 기후변화와 토지이용변화에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 평가 기준은 유황곡선과 오염물질 농도 지속곡선이며 기후변화 시나리오 3개 (현재, A1B, A2)와 토지이용변화 3개, 총 9개의 시나리오에 대해 HSPF

본 연구는 대도시 주부들의 식품안전에 대한 전반적인 인식과 식품위해요소별 우려도를 조사하여 소비자들의 식품안전에 대한 신뢰구축 및 식품안전성 교육프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 연구를 위한 조사는 서울과 경기지역 거주 만 20세 이상 주부 275명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 조사결과, 주요 구입식품은 채소류 및 과실류가 29.2%로 가장 높았고, 육류(17.9%), 곡류 및 서류(13.1%), 생선 및 해산물(12.2%) 등

The management aggravation of forests and the increase in the demand on resorts promote the urban use of forests, and the development of forests-using resorts is becoming an important political issue. Based on this understanding, this paper purports to examine the causes for the failure of the Shinrin Toshi policy (development of living space and resorts) which Japan promoted, and also examined the future direction of the development of forest resorts in Korea. As a result of the study, it was found that the Shinrin Toshi policy of Japan was promoted through the new changes of bubble economy and forest culture theory, and various strategies for the co-existence of human beings and nature were worked out. However, the policy took precedence without concrete plan production, which was found as the direct cause for the failure. The reasons for not having concrete plan production were: the target and the resort lifestyle (who will use it and what life will be developed) were not clear; the subject of the policy was restricted to state forests; and the dependence on civil capital in the promotion of the policy was too big. Therefore, in order to make the Shinrin Toshi policy successful, concrete lifestyle how the forest resort will be used and operated - needs to be set up and resources should be concretized. For this, the concrete demand on the forest resort life and the traditional community property of forest areas will have to be examined.

Urban forest area in South Korea has been increased up to 20.8% of national land as of 2007 by the mergence of municipalities and counties. The rate of park and green tract among urban forest averages out to about 4% nationally but the Capital, Seoul, almost 105% level, not easy to split the two. Park and green has positive management system because of its infrastructure attribute and relevant security obligation standard while urban forest left alone with no such concerns. The most important reason of the negligence comes from institutional inertia although it is possible to be managed functionally by forest laws as like forests of park, landscape, wind and noise protection, and timber product. As a results, it reaches below than 92.64% of the national average level of the timber stockpile especially in the metropolitan areas and loses broad acres rapidly due to the easy conversion system to the urban land usage. Therefore, there must be required some alternative methodologies to conserve and foster it. The paper proposes the four urban forest management types and their control methods. The four types divide into conservation, foster, development, and reservation ones. Also it suggests the five furtherance tract types with the combination among the four earlier types, optionally having one of the six aim climaxes and recommends the standardization of operation design. The total green quantity index of urban forest also suggested by the weight method according to location and DBH class. The case study of the suggested model was executed on the Daejon Metropolitan area and its index calculated as 110.4% level compared with the acreage.