In this study, swine and cattle farms located in Jeollanam-do were selected to analyze and evaluate the components of odorants in livestock facilities. In addition, a preliminary survey of the literature was conducted to establish a sampling and analysis method for phenol and indoles which are major components of odor emissions from livestock facilities, yet are not regulated by the laws. To establish a sampling and analysis method for phenol and indoles, Tedlar bag and Tenax-TA sorbent tube was used as background concentration of blank sample and samples according to the elapsed time. The results obtained indicate the GC/MS analysis with Tenax-TA sorbent tube sampling was an effective method for measuring the compounds of phenol and indoles. In the swine facility, the rankings of the odorants in order, from highest to lowest, were ammonia, sulfuric compounds, phenol/indoles, volatile fatty acids. The main odorants were hydrogen sulfide (41.3%) and 4-methylphenol (p-cresol, 13.9%). In the swine slurry storage, hydrogen sulfide (33.7%), ammonia (18.8%), and 3-methylindole (skatole, 15.7%) were the main odorants, and hydrogen sulfide (31%) and i-valeric acid (32.4%) were the main odorants in the cattle farms.

This study compared the stability of odor compounds in three different types of polymer sampling bags. Tedlar, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and aluminized polyester bag were used. A sample was collected from the interior of a new automobile which was parked in an outdoor parking lot. It was found that the Tedlar bag showed lower stability for odor active compounds than the PET bag. Meanwhile, the PET bag had good stability for odor compounds compared to the aluminized polyester bag. The PET bag showed a stability for the molecules smaller than toluene that was comparable to the canister, but showed a lower recovery for molecules bigger than C7. The FID signal of the sample in the PET bag was reduced by 1.7times after 3days storage compared to 24 h storage. The number of detected odor active compounds was reduced by half, and odor intensity was also decreased by 2~3 degrees. Considering the factors of repeated use, usability and price, a PET bag covered with a black plastic bag was the most appropriate approach for odor sampling in an automobile interior.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of Chamaecyparis obtus extract to reduce odor emissions released from the swine feeding operations. Finisher pigs [Landrace × (Yorkshire × Duroc)] with an initial body weight averaging 50 kg were housed separately in two rooms with eighty eight pigs in each room at a swine feeding operation site. C. obtus extract was sprayed in the room by ceiling sprayer for one minute at twice per day during two months. Concentrations of odorous compounds from air in the room of the swine feeding operation were analyzed at four times during two months. Levels of butyric acid, valeric acid, i-butyric acid, ivaleric acid, skatole, methylmercaptan, and trimethylamine tended to decrease in C. obtus extract spray treatment group compared to the non-spray treatment group (P > 0.05). Odor activity values of butyric acid, valeric acid, skatole and trimethylamine were higher than other odorous compounds and decreased by 72%, 76%, 54% and 20%, respectively, in C. obtus extract spray treatment group compared to the non-spray group. Taken together, C. obtus extract showed an odor reducing capability in the air of a swine feeding operation suggesting that it possesses anti-bacterial properties as well as having a dust removal and masking effect.

Bloom of small centric diatom Stephanodiscus is quite occasional in winter season in temperate freshwater ecosystems. It often leads to degradation of water quality and affects the quality of supplied drinking water. In a previous study, we have found that naphthoquinone (NQ) 4-6 derivate is an effective tool for efficient mitigation of natural S. hantzschii blooms. In the present research, polylactide (PLA) and agar foam were used as immobilized agent for NQ 4-6 to improve the efficiency of NQ 4-6 compound releasing process for its application under various field conditions. Mesocosm experiments at 10 ton scale suggested that the abundance of S. hantzschii was continuously increased in the control and upon treatment of the mesocosm with immobilized NQ 4-6 from PLA and agar foam. Their algicidal activities were 78.8% and 77.1%, respectively, on S. hantzschii after 10 days. In the mesocosm experiments, the dynamics of biotic (bacteria, HNFs, ciliates, zooplankton) and abiotic (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, nutrients) factors remained unaffected. They exhibited similar trends in the control and treatment groups. Therefore, the immobilized NQ 4-6 from PLA and agar foam has potential to be used as an alternative algicidal substance to effectively mitigate natural S. hantzschii blooms under various field conditions. In addition, it not only can be used to control S. hantzschii, but also is an effective technique. The immobilized NQ 4-6 showed stable controlled release in desired system.

There are more than 30,000 chemical substances handled in domestic university laboratories. Among them, hazardous materials are selected and managed as designated substances by the standards of 19 Ministries and 16 Acts. However, domestic safety-related laws and regulations are used to manage industrial risk factors based on industrial activities. In case of installing a university chemical laboratory in accordance with the installation standards applicable to general workplaces. It is not suitable to use as a laboratory installation standard that can be applied to a chemical laboratory installed at a university such as a problem occurs in applying to a university using a small quantity of dangerous substances in a small amount. In order to establish the laboratory structure and facility standards that are appropriate for the laboratory characteristics and apply systematic laboratory safety, the National Security Administration shall apply the special handling standard of chemical experiment to places where handling less than 30 times the designated quantity of chemical substances for chemical experiments. On August 2, 2016, the regulations for the enforcement of the Dangerous Goods Safety Management Act and the standards for the structure and facilities of the university chemical laboratory were enacted. In this study, we investigated the domestic chemical substances laws and regulations to determine the chemical substances that are over-regulated in the relevant laws, and define them as substances against accidents. The management criteria for the substances were analyzed. The R value for the designation of the designated quantity by the concept of the space in the management standard was calculated.

OBJECTIVES : This is a basic research for the domestic production of airport-airside deicers. This research selected basic materials for deicers appropriate for the pavement of domestic airports by evaluating the deicing performances of basic materials used in internationalstandard airport deicers and their impacts on pavements. METHODS: Laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluate the asphalt surface tensile strength, concrete scaling impact, ASR impact, and deicing performances of sodium formate (NaFm), potassium formate (KFm), sodium acetate (NaAc), and potassium acetate (KAc), which are the basic de-icing materials commonly used at international airports, approved by the FAA. In addition, the analyses were also performed on the airside deicer urea, which is currently used in domestic airports. RESULTS : Laboratory investigation confirmed that sodium formate, potassium formate, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate had superior surface tensile strength, concrete scaling impact, and deicing performance compared to airside urea, but they also had greater impacts on concrete ASR. Among these materials, sodium formate had the best asphalt surface tensile strength, concrete scaling impact, and deicing performance, while also having the greatest impact on ASR; hence, mitigation plans for ASR were needed, if it were to be used as airport-airside deicer. CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to consider additional additives to prevent ASR of concrete pavements when developing airport-airside deicers using sodium formate, potassium formate, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate.

해상 유통되는 유해액체물질(NLS)의 유출사고대비 물질군 선정을 위해 596종의 NLS를 대상으로 위해성 DB를 구축하고 우선순위 선정시스템을 통해 전체 우선순위를 선정하였다. 우선순위 목록을 바탕으로 2014-2015년 해상유통물질 158종을 추출한 뒤 물질군 구분 기준을 적용하여 0~3순위의 4개 물질군을 제시하였다. 국가차원의 NLS 유출사고대비를 위해서는 물동량 및 유해성이 높은 0~1순위 물질군의 집중관리와 함께 2~3순위 물질군의 정보 구축작업이 지속되어야 한다. 항만별로는 NLS 유통 유형이 다르므로 각 항만의 물질별 유통특성을 파악한 뒤 0~1순위 물질군 위주로 관리하는 것이 효율적일 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 동해남부권역(울산, 부산), 남해중부권역(광양, 여수), 서해중부권역(평택, 대산, 인천)을 NLS 사고대비를 위한 특별관리구역으로 지정하여 해상유통되는 NLS 의 감시·감독을 강화하고 방제 장비, 자재 및 약제를 집중 배치해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 향후, 위해성 DB의 구축과정에서 나타난 위해성 정보 부재 물질들의(만성독성) 지속적인 생산 및 보완이 필요하며, 특히 수생태 독성의 경우 해양생물종을 대상으로 한 자료 생산 및 확보가 지속되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 해상 HNS 사고 관리를 위해서는 HNS 해상유통에 대한 정보를 확인할 수 있는 시스템이 조속히 구축되어야 한다.

본 연구에서는 한외여과 막을 사용하여 대장균 단독, 대장균 및 Bacillus subtil is 균을 혼합액을 대상으로 제거 효과를 고찰하였으며, 아울러 kaolin, CaCO3 및 urea와 같은 탁도 유발 성분들과 대장균 단독, 대장균 및 Bacillus subtilis 균과의 혼합액에서의 상호작용을 검토하고자 pH 변화, 탁도 제거 효율, urea, kaolin, Ca CO3 제거 효율, 대장균 군 및 Bacillus subtilis 균의 제거 효과를 고찰하였다.

물은 신체의 대부분을 구성하고 있는 기본 물질로서 생명유지의 필수 요소이다. 특히 WHO에서는 인류 건강유지의 1등 공신으로 깨끗한 물공급을 꼽고 있다. 우리나라는 산업화, 도심화를 통해 신규오염물질 발생이 증가하고 있으며 특히 먹는물의 경우 중금속 및 소독부산물 중심의 관리에서 난연제, 코팅제, 의 약물질 등 신규오염물질 관리에 주력하고 있다. 우리나라 먹는물 수질기준은 1963년 최초 도입된 이래 1984년, 1986년 개정 강화되었으며, 1995년 먹는물 관리법이 제정되었고 1997년 감시항목이 설정되 어 기준과 감시의 2원화된 관리체계가 유지되고 있다. 먹는물 수질기준은 외국 사례 도입방식에서 체계적 장기 모니터링을 통한 위해도 평가를 수행하여 기준을 강화하고 있으며 현재 60개 항목으로 확대 강화되었다.

In this study, a flat-type photocatalytic reactor is applied under solar irradiation for simultaneous treatment of target pollutants: reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and oxidation of EDCs (BPA, EE2, E2). An immobilized type of photocatalyst was fabricated to have self-grown nanotubes on its surface in order to overcome limitations of powdery photocatalyst. Moreover, Ti mesh form was chosen as substrate and modified to have both larger surface area and photocatalyst content. Ti mesh was anodized at 50V and 25°C for 30min in the mixed electrolytes (NH4F-H2O-C2H6O2) and annealed at 450°C for 2 hours in ambient oxygen to have anatase structure. Surface characterization was done with SEM and XRD methodologies. Fabricated NTT was applied to water treatment, and coexisting Cr(VI) and organics (EDCs) enhanced each other's reactions by scavenging holes and electrons and thus impeding recombination. Also, several experiments were conducted outdoor under direct sunlight and it was observed that both solar-tracking and applying modified photocatalyst were proven to enhance reaction efficiency.

본 연구는 9종의 국화과 식물을 대상으로, 생리적 특성 및 생화학적 물질을 관찰함으로써 내건성식물 을 선발하였다. 크기와 생장이 균일한 식물체를 선발한 후, 단수처리를 통하여 건조 스트레스를 유발하 였다. 내건성식물 선발을 위해 엽록소함량, 엽록소함량, 상대수분함수량, 상대수분손실량, 프롤린, 환원 당을 단수일로부터 30일동안 관찰하였다. 식물 생존율은 단풍취, 벌개미취, 참취, 좁은잎구절초 순으로 높게 나타났고, 나머지 5종은 고사하였다. 내건성식물 선발을 위한 나머지 요인들은 높은 생존율을 얻 은 식물종을 기준으로 판단되었다. 그러나 엽록소함량은 단풍취, 단양쑥부쟁이, 벌개미취 순으로 높은 값을 보여, 단풍취와 벌개미취를 제외하고는 생존율과 연관성을 갖지 않는다고 판단되었다. 반면에 상 대수분함수량, 상대수분손실량, 프롤린, 환원당에서는 참취, 단풍취, 벌개미취 3종이 상대적으로 높은 내건성식물로 판단되었고, 생존율과도 비슷한 연관성을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 국화과 식물 9종 중 참 취, 단풍취, 벌개미취 3종이 상대적으로 내건성이 높다고 판단되었다.