This study was targeted on the Korean, Chinese, and Japanese parents of preschoolers to investigate the importance and satisfaction of foodservice quality and the importance and performance of foodservice management of the preschool foodservice establishments. The present study conducted a survey on 390 randomly chosen parents of preschoolers (130 Korean, 130 Chinese, and 130 Japanese). Respondents' importance-satisfaction of foodservice quality characteristics and their importance-performance of foodservice management were measured. In order to test for differences between the groups, paired t-test, one way ANOVA, and IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) were performed. The results were as follows. The importance of foodservice quality was significantly higher than the satisfaction on all items, according to the parents of Korea, China, and Japan. The importance of foodservice quality was higher in Korean parents than in Chinese and Japanese parents. According to ISA results with foodservice quality characteristics, the characteristics with relatively low satisfaction but high importance (II quadrant) was 'Diversity of menu' in both Korean and Chinese parents, and 'Sanitation of tables and chairs' in both Korean and Japanese parents. The importance of foodservice management was significantly higher than performance on all items in Korean, Chinese and Japanese parents. The performance of foodservice management was higher in Chinese than in Japanese and Korean parents. According to IPA results with foodservice management, the management with relatively low performance but high importance (II quadrant) was 'Preparation' in Korean parents, and 'Facility and equipment' in Japanese parents. Therefore, the items with relatively low satisfaction (performance) and high importance should be well-managed.

This study aimed to examine English oral reading fluency of 5th and 6th grade students. Twenty three 5th graders and 22 6th graders at an elementary school in Daejeon participated in the study. Four texts were prepared: a 5th grade equivalent dialog text, a 5th grade equivalent narrative text, a 6th grade equivalent dialog text, and a 6th grade equivalent narrative text. The students were asked to read them aloud at the end of the first semester and the second semester. Comprehension check-up questions were given immediately after they read the texts. Their reading rate was measured in the number of words they read correctly per minute (WCPM). At the end of the school year, the 5th graders read their grade level dialog text at 103 WCPM on average, and the narrative text at 97 WCPM on average. The 6th graders read the dialog text 111 WCPM on average, and the narrative text at 99 WPCM on average. The correlations between reading rates and comprehension were moderate; .60 at the first administration and .58 at the second administration.

The worldwide abundance of various jellyfish appears to have increased in coastal ecosystems in recent years. The enormous jellyfish blooms cause a variety of problems for the local ecology, fisheries, and aquatic-sports in coastal locations. In this study, jellyfish sting protection net was installed to ensure the safety and reduction of the inflow into the Haeundae beach. In order to confirm the stability of the protection net, the tension for protection net was measured from variation of current speed. The periods for maximum tension were observed correspond to the periods of maximum current speed. The maximum tension for protection net was measured up to 4,100 kg. From field evaluations, the jellyfish sting protection net has demonstrated to stability from the current and tide in the Haeundae beach.

The present study sought to examine the continuity of the English textbooks of the elementary school 6th grade and the middle school 1st grade by analyzing the readability and vocabulary difficulty of their reading passages. It investigated the continuity between textbooks of the two grades and among chapters of each textbook. For the analysis, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index was used to measure the readability of reading passages, whereas vocabulary difficulty was measured in terms of TTR (type-token ratio) and frequency by using VocabProfile. The results showed that the readability of middle school textbooks was one point higher than that of elementary school textbooks. Given that the readability index is based on the American school system, the increase in readability index between grades can be seen as large gap. In terms of vocabulary difficulty, the total amount of vocabulary in the middle school textbooks was three times as much as that of the elementary school textbooks. Second, readability index fluctuated across the chapters of each textbook, while the TTR was found to be higher in the former chapters than in the latter chapters in elementary school textbooks. All these could lead to learning difficulties for students. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

이 연구에서는 중등학교에서 사용할 수 있는 미세먼지 포집 장치를 직접 설계 및 제작하고 이를 통해 미세먼지에 포함된 중금속 및 미생물을 분석하는 활동이 가능한지 여부를 탐색하고자 한다. 중등학교 현장의 과학 탐구활동을 위해 청주지역에서 미세먼지를 포집하는 방법과 그 속에 포함된 중금속 및 미생물을 분석하였다. 미세먼지의 포집장소는 청주지역 대학교의 4층 건물 옥상에서 포집하였다. 모터 펌프, 인넷, 지름 1.0μm 테프론필터, 필터 홀더 등을 이용하여 포집장치를 제작하였다. 이 포집장치를 이용한 미세먼지 포집은 2013년 12월-2014년 6월까지 진행하였다. 포집한 미세먼지의 중금속 성분과 미생물 포함 여부를 분석하였다. 중국에서 날아온 미세먼지 속에는 Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb 등인위적인 오염물질로 판단되는 중금속 성분이 국내 기원 미세먼지 보다 많았다. 더 나아가, 미세먼지 속에는 중금속 뿐만 아니라, 곰팡이나 세균같은 미생물도 다량 포함하고 있었다. 이 연구는 미세먼지가 중금속 뿐만아니라 미생물도 포함하고 있으므로, 이에 대한 체계적인 연구와 모니터링이 필요함을 시사한다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 이 연구는 중등학교 과학실험의 사례로 제공될 수 있다.

The negative factors of fishery in environmental aspect of view are Greenhouse gas emission problems by high usage of fossil fuel, destruction of underwater ecosystem by bottom trawls, reduction of resources by fishing and damage of ecosystem diversity. Especially, the Greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Cancún meeting, Mexico in 1992 and Kyoto protocol in 2005. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries did not much carry out. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as a first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from Korean bottom pair trawl fishery using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficient of the fishery is also calculated. The GHG emissions from the representative fishes caught by bottom pair trawl will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the edible weight of fishes are calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas and slaughtering process also. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

The heat treatment machine based on immersion was developed to reduce temperature difference during netting process and appraised it performance compared current heat treatment machine using high pressure. It was also reviewed the optimum heat treatment procedures for PBSAT monofilament net in accordance with the immersion time and temperature. The procedure was based on physical measurement such as breaking load, elongation and angle of the mesh for PBSAT monofilament. The water temperature gap of the treatment machine based on immersion was less than 1°C. and the energy consumption was also increased in high temperature condition. It was identified that the optimum temperature was 75°C and its optimum processing time was between 15 minutes and 20 minutes to get qualified physical properties.

본 연구는 한국 제조업 중소기업의 R&D 투자와 성과 간의 관계를 분 석하여 비선형 형태를 확인하고, 문턱값인 투자적정수준을 도출하였다. 기존 연구들 은 투자와 성과 간 시차를 고려하지 않거나, 투자와 성과 간 회귀모형에서 투자 변 수의 1차, 2차 항을 이용한 산술적 계산을 통하여 간접적으로 투자수준을 결정하였 는데, 본 연구에서는 이를 극복하기 위해 2년의 시차를 가정한 문턱회귀모형을 사용 하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, R&D 집중도 및 연구원비율과 이익률간의 관계는 S곡선 형 태를 보였고, 매출액 대비 R&D 투자액 기준으로 6.4%, 종업원수 대비 연구원수 기 준으로 13%가 R&D 투자의 적정수준으로 도출되었다. 연구로부터 도출된 투자 및 성과 간 관계 형태와 문턱값은 향후 기업의 R&D 투자 전략 및 정부 지원 정책의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Relationship between lipid intake and obesity has been well-addressed but recent findings indicated that the type of lipid or composition of lipid in the diet also contributes to body fat accumulation and consequential health outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of nutrition intake including fatty acids, lipids and lipid soluble nutrients between the obese and lean college students and to analyze the relationship between the intake of certain fatty acids and body fat accumulation. Anthropometric elements including body weight, height, body fat and composition were measured, and dietary recall was conducted on a total of 114 college students. Data showed that total calorie intake and total lipid intake were not significantly different between the obese and lean subjects, in both male and female students. However, male obese subjects ate more amount of plant lipids and palmitic acids (C16:0) from their diet (p<0.05), while female obese subjects consumed more linoleic acids (18:2) and linolenic acids (C18:3) compared to normal subjects (p<0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that the consumption of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and lipid soluble vitamin D were negatively (p<0.05) correlated with body fat accumulation in all subjects and these findings were supported by simple linear regression analyses for those variables. These results implicate that rather than only considering the amount of lipids, suggesting a proper type of lipids or lipid metabolites can be considered in nutrition counseling or education.

전지구 해양 해빙 예측시스템인 NEMO-CICE/NEMOVAR의 해빙 초기조건의 특성을 2013년 6월부터 2014년 5월까지 북극영역에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 관측 자료와 재분석 자료를 모델의 초기조건과 비교하였다. 모델 초기조건은 관측에서 나타나는 해빙 면적과 해빙 두께의 월 변동을 잘 보이는 반면, 분석 기간 동안 관측과 재분석 자료보다 북극의 해빙 면적을 좁게, 해빙 두께를 얇게 나타내었다. 모델 초기조건의 북극 해빙 면적이 좁은 것은 해빙의 경계 지역에서 해빙 농도 초기조건이 약 20% 정도 재분석자료보다 낮기 때문이다. 또한 북극 평균 해빙 두께가 얇게 나타나는 이유는 연중 두꺼운 해빙이 유지되는 그린란드 및 북극 군도와 인접한 북극해 영역에서 모델의 초기조건이 약 60 cm 정도 얇기 때문이다.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between prosody and reading comprehension of elementary school students in Korea. To achieve the purpose of the study, 114 fifth and sixth graders were selected from three schools of Seoul city and Gyeonggi province, and their prosody, word recognition and comprehension were assessed. In order to measure their prosody, students were asked to read a reading text orally for one minute, and the teacher checked their reading rate, decoding accuracy, and prosody. Students’ prosody was measured through Clay and Imlach’s (1971) method. The results of this study showed that while most students gained higher score in word recognition and reading rate, their prosodic features was found comparatively weak. It also revealed a correlation between the three sub-categories of prosody and reading comprehension. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that prosodic reading features of Korean EFL students have co-relations with comprehension, even if their prosodic feature is weak. Finally some ideas for enhancing prosody in L2 students’ reading instruction were suggested.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Perilla frutescens powder on physiological and sensory characteristics in macaronè. The perilla powders were added to macaronè at a weight percentage of 0, 2.5 and 4%. Color values (L-value, redness and yellowness index), total phenolics, DPPH radical scavenging activity, textures, total sugar contents and sensory characteristics of macaronè made with varying levels of perilla powder were measured. In sensory evaluation, significant differences (p<0.05 and p<0.01) were shown in color, sweetness, nuttyflavor, texture and overall acceptability depending on the addition level of perilla powders.

본 연구는 세월호 침몰 상황 시의 실제 힐링각 변화를 환경조건으로 하고 476명의 승선자에게 정상적인 탈출명령이 전달되었을 경우를 가정한 승객 탈출시나리오를 선박용 인적피난시뮬레이션을 활용하여 예측, 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 평지에서의 평균보행속도가 각각 1.48 m/s, 2.04 m/s인 경우 힐링각 0°인 시나리오와 힐링각 30°인 시나리오에서 탈출 소요시간은 다르지만 모든 승객이 매우 높은 확률로 탈출에 성공할 것으로 예측되었다. 또한 세월호 사고의 힐링각 변화를 반영한 시나리오의 시뮬레이션에서는 평지 평균보행능력을 2.04 m/s로 설정한 경우 Nav. deck(5층)의 우현 슈트로만 퇴선하는 시나리오(Sc-Va)에서는 평균 3.1 %, 우현의 모든 갑판으로 퇴선하는 시나리오(Sc-Vb), 우현의 모든 갑판과 선미로 향하는 통로를 이용해 퇴선하는 시나리오(Sc-Vc)에서는 각각 11.1 %, 20.0 %이 탈출에 성공하지만, 평지 보행속도를 1.48 m/s로 설정할 경우 각각의 시나리오에 대해 0.8 %, 3.8 %, 10.7 %만이 탈출에 성공할 것으로 예측되었다.

본 연구는 콘크리트 옹벽에서 배양토와 토양처리에 따른 녹화용 식물의 초기 생육특성을 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 배양토의 이화학적 성질 분석에서 산림부식토와 일반상토의 pH는 5.18 및 5.02로서 약산성을 보였고, 산림표층토와 혼합토는 4.5이하로서 강한 산성을 나타내었다. 유기물 및 양이온 등 식물생장에 도움이 되는 영양분이 가장 높은 배양토는 일반상토이며, 산림표층토가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 배양토별 발아율은 일반상토 > 산림부식토 > 혼합토 > 산림표층토의 순으로 나타났고, 토양처리의 경우 미생물 50% 처리구 및 미생물 100% 처리구가 무처리구 보다 발아량이 높게 나타났다. 배양토에 따른 페네리얼의 월별생장량과 평균생장량에서도 일반상토 > 산림표층토 > 혼합토 > 산림부식토 순으로 생장량이 높게 나타났으며, 토양처리에 따른 페네리얼의 총생장량은 미생물 50% 처리구 및 미생물 100% 처리구가 무처리구 보다 높게 나타났다. 생장량에 있어서 배양토, 토양처리 2개요인 내 주 효과 및 요인 간 상호작용 분석 결과 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 콘크리트 옹벽의 녹화용 식물의 조기생육을 위하여 적절한 배양토의 선발과 미생물제재의 처리는 매우 필요하다고 생각된다.

글로벌 경쟁시대로 접어들면서 산업 분야를 막론하고 표준화의 중요성은 날로 증대되고 있다. 세계화가 진척됨에 따라 빠른 속도로 증가하는 국가 간 무역에서도 표준화를 통한 호환성 확보는 수출 경쟁력을 결정하는 필수적인 요소가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 러한 표준 및 표준화에 대한 교육 실태와 표준화 교육이 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 서 연구하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 우리나라 정보통신 및 전기전자 기업을 샘플로 하여 표준화 교육의 실태를 확인하였다. 또한 기업의 표준 및 표준화 교육에 영향을 미치는 요인을 기업 의 특성, 업종, 업력, 그리고 교육에 대한 필요성 인식의 측면에서 확인하였다. 그 결과 기업 의 특성과 표준화 교육에 대한 필요성의 인식에 따라서 표준 및 표준화 교육의 수준이 양적 으로 달라짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 이러한 표준 및 표준화 교육의 실시 수준이 기 업의 성과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 지를 확인하였다. 연구 결과 표준화 교육의 횟수 및 교육인원은 기업의 R&D 수행과 생산 및 품질 개선으로 대표되는 기업의 성과에 긍정적인 영향 을 미침을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 글로벌 경쟁에서 경쟁력을 확보하기 위한 방편으로 표준화 교육의 중요성에 대해서 확인하였다는 점에서 그 함의를 가진다.

Increasing of Korean old women's rate is demographic characteristics attributed an aging society, silver generation would lead to silver fashion market with steady competitiveness and interest in fashion. So the study attempts to use foundation material for silver's fashion design by analyzing design characteristics and processing development of design representative women's top. Selecting brand for collecting photo using study represents a mid- and premium-priced with reference Brand Yearbook. After selecting brand on domestic and foreign I have collected picture from Internet shopping mall and web-site of fashion brand, from October 2013 to July 2014, but I selected 840 pictures based on front poses for easy decision. In order to search design characteristics according to sort of silver blouse design on domestic and foreign. I have examined shape, color, pattern, fabric sensation, inside composition line and decoration with reference standard of analysis in preceding research. Data analysis method was conducted on analysis of frequency and cross analysis using SPSS statistical package 21.0. The conclusion of design characteristic according to type of blouse design for silver, H-silhouette in shirt blouse seems to fit in body transformation and expose silhouette with correcting the body flaw. Using soft material in T-shirt blouse they are able to conceal a body defect and express beautiful silhouette. By using detail in pullover shirt blouse and tunic blouse for point of design, it express glamour and luxurious. Most of blouse are printed various pattern, it would looks more gorgeous using pattern.

Flat panel display devices are mainly used as information display devices in the 21st century. The worldwide waste flat panel displays are expected at 2-3 million units but most of them are land-filled for want of a proper recycling technology More specifically, rare earth metals of La and Eu are used as fluorescent materials of Cold Cathode Flourscent Lamp(CCFL)s in the waste flat panel displays and they are critically vulnerable and irreplaceable strategic mineral resources. At present, most of the waste CCFLs are disposed of by land-filling and incineration and proper recovery of 80-plus tons per annum of the rare earth fluorescent materials will significantly contribute to steady supply of them. A dearth of Korean domestic research results on recovery and recycling of rare earth elements in the CCFLs prompts to initiate this status report on overseas research trends and noteworthy research results in related fields.

This study was carried out to investigate the reproductive and growing performances in sow farms located in Chungnam. Data collected from a total of 15 sow farms divided into 3 farm groups for 1 year were analyzed. The results obtained were as follows; The average of sow at small and large farms were 114.25 and 487.88 heads, respectively. And then, the difference among 3 groups in sow farm was not found significantly in farrowing rate. The significant difference among 3 farm groups was significantly found(p<0.05) in total litter size. The litter size born alive at sucking in small sow farm and middle farms were 9.93, and 10.48 pigs. The difference between small and large farms in number of pigs at weaning were significantly shown 8.89, and 9.35 pigs(p<0.05), respectively. The difference among 3 sow farms for ages at weaning showed significantly (p<0.05). The cycles of farrowing rate per year in small, large and middle farms were 2.17, 2.23 and 2.32, respectively. The significant difference among 3 sow groups was found in farrowing rate(p<0.05). The growing rate up to weaning for middle farms was significantly the higher level(94.70%) than that for other farms(p<0.05). The differences among 3 farm groups for marketing weight were not significantly shown.

Aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR) is a type of managed aquifer recharge which entails injecting water into a storage well and recovering it from a different well. It has effects of natural purification when injected water passes through aquifer medium, and can be a good way of supplying water especially in a region with poor surface water quality. This study is about an on-going effort to introduce ASTR as a solution to source water problems in coastal areas. A pilot study is being conducted in the delta of the Nakdong River. A proactive management system is incorporated to ensure the water qulity in the process of drinking water process. The system is based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) which is a tool originated from the food industry in order to assess hazards and establish control systems for the safety of food product. In this paper, we analyze hazardous events which can occur in the entire water supply system using ASTR as a first step to the incorporation of HACCP to drinking water production process.

근래 국내 초고층 주상복합 건물에는 철근콘크리트구조가 보편적으로 적용되는데, 이러한 철근콘크리트 초고층 주상복합 건물은 시공 시점에 따라 구조적인 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서, 시공 중인 철근콘크리트 초고층 주상복합 건물에 대하여, 시공 시점별 구조 안전성 및 횡력저항성능을 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 예제 모델로 탑상형의 초고층 주상복합 60층 건물을 선정했고, 기존의 범용구조해석 프로그램을 사용하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 각 시공 시점별 10층, 20층, 30층, 40층, 50층, 60층 완료모델과 60층 완공단계 모델의 구조성능을 비교하였다. 구조성능 비교를 위해 이 모델들의 고유치해석을 수행하였으며, 횡력저항성능과 부재별 단면성능을 검토하였다. 횡력저항성능 검토를 위해 횡변위비와 층간변위비를 검토했고, 부재별 단면성능 검토는 완공단계에 대한 설계강도비와 시공단계의 설계강도비를 비교하여 부재안전성을 검토하였다. 이 연구를 통해, 시공 중인 철근콘크리트 초고층 건물의 구조 안전성을 검토하고 시공단계에 적합한 구조해석 및 설계하중의 가이드라인을 제시하고자 한다.