This study aimed to analyze how game interaction affects user experience and smoking attitudes of smoking simulation game. To verify differences in smoking attitudes and user experience such as arousal, flow, spatial presence, social presence, and empathy in game interaction and simple watching, a playtest experiment was performed among 100 male smokers. The smoking simulation used for the experiment was the ‘Smoking Sims’ developed by the group of researchers from ‘Hallym University Health Communication Center’. As a result, in eliciting negative attitude toward smoking, which is a functional effect of the smoking game along with the flow, spatial presence, and social presence, active gaming behavior appeared to be more effective than the passive watching behavior. Such result has shown that game media has better communication effect than usual visual media as a tool for anti-smoking campaign.

본 연구는 보육교사-영아 상호작용에 대한 코칭프로그램의 효과를 분석하는데 목적이 있 다. 보육교사-영아 상호작용을 평가하기 위한 도구는 강숙현(1994)이 개발한 ‛한국판유아교육 프로그램 평가척도’ 중에서 영아기 프로그램(교사-영아 간 상호작용)을 홍근민(1997)이 5점 척 도로 수정한 것을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 어린이집에 근무하는 0세-2세반 보육교사 20명, 8회기로 150분간씩 코칭 프로그램을 실시하였으며, 연구에서 실시한 코칭프로그램은 영아기 발달과 보육교사의 역할, 코칭의 이해, 코칭의 기술, 코칭 대화모델을 습득하고 실습하는 과정으로 구성되었다. 연구결과 코칭프로그램을 적용하기 이전의 보육현장에서 교사는 주로 일방적이고, 지시적인 상호작용을 하였지만 코칭프로그램을 적용한 후 교사는 영아가 스스로 문제를 해결하고 원하는 상태에 있도록 지지하고 격려하는 상호작용을 하는 모습을 보였다. 이는 코칭의 중립 언어를 미래 지향적인 질문으로서 사용하면서 영아의 내면에 잠재된 자원을 이끌어 내어 영아 스스로 계획하고 문제를 해결할 수 있도록 하는데 매우 효과적임을 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 보육교사-영아 상호작용을 증진을 돕는 새로운 방법을 제시함으로써 추후 관련 프로그램의 개발을 위한 기반을 제공하였다는데 의의가 있다.

본 논문은 디지털 시대의 참여 미술에서 달라진 매체, 주체, 소통의 조건을 분석한다. 1990년대 이후의 미술은 관계 미학과 사회적 작업으로 특징지어진다. 미술은 사람과 사람 간의 소통, 사회 문제에 대한 개입과 참여를 유도하는 보다 민주적인 방향으로 전개되었다. 21세기 들어 디지털 미디어가 미술의 영역에서 더 큰 자리를 차지하게 되었고, 이로 인해 미술작품이 관객들과 맺는 관계에도 변화가 일어났다. 본 논문은 이러한 변화에 대한 관심에서 출발하여 디지털 시대에 참여 미술을 둘러싼 변화와 조건들을 살펴본다. 20세기 초 역사적 아방가르드 이래로 참여미술은 장소와 의미화의 문제에 개입해 왔다. 21세기 디지털화된 미디어 환경으로 매체특정성의 개념이 해체된 이후 제시된 포스트미디엄 조건이 전환을 보인다. 다시 말해, 다양한 미디어를 디지털로 재매개하여 다층적인 감각 경험과 소통을 야기한다. 그 결과 참여 미술이 디지털 미디어의 상호작용성의 미학을 포함하게 되었다.

본 연구는 기업성과에 영향을 미치는 두 가지 요인으로 제휴 포트폴리오 내의 자원(resources)과 교섭력 (bargaining power)을 지목하고, 이들이 각각, 그리고 동시에 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 포트폴리 오 내의 자원을 통한 가치창출(value creation) 효과와 교섭력을 통한 가치전유(value appropriation) 효과를 구분한 선행 연구들을 확장하여, 본 연구는 두 가지 효과가 함께 시너지를 낼 수 있다는 상호보완적 관점에서 자 원과 교섭력을 함께 고려하여야 한다는 논의를 제시하였다. 글로벌 소프트웨어 산업의 196개 기업의 제휴 포트 폴리오를 분석한 결과, 제휴 포트폴리오 내의 자원만을 고려하거나 교섭력만을 고려한 경우 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 발견하지 못하거나 부분적으로만 발견할 수 있었다. 한편, 자원과 교섭력을 함께 고려한 경우 기업성과에 주는 긍정적인 영향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 기업은 제휴 포트폴리오의 자원과 교섭력을 모두 고려할 수 있는 통합적인 관점을 가져야 하며, 한 가지 요소가 충족되더라도 다른 한 가지 요소가 충족되지 않을 경우 제휴 전략을 재고할 필요가 있다는 점을 제언하였다.

Response spectra of a building are made with a SDOF system taking into account a first mode shape, even though higher modes may affect on the dynamic responses of a high-rise building. A soft soil layer under a building also affects on the responses of a building. In this study, seismic responses of a MDOF system were investigated to examine the effects of higher modes on the response of a tall building by comparing them with those of a SDOF system including the kinematic interaction effect. Study was performed using a pseudo 3D finite element program with seven bedrock earthquake records downloaded from the PEER database. Effects of higher modes on the seismic responses of a tall building were investigated for base shear force and base moment of a MDOF system including story shear forces and story moments. Study results show that higher modes of a MDOF system contribute to a reduction of base shear force up to 1/4-1/5 of KBC and base moment. The effect of higher modes is more significant on the base shear force than on the base moment. Maximum story shear force and moment occurred at the top part of a building rather than at a base in the cases of tall buildings differently from short buildings, and higher modes of a tall building affected on the base forces making them almost constant at the base. A soft soil layer also affects some on the base shear force of a high-rise building independently on the soft soil type, but a soft soil effect is prominent on the base moment.

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of mobile fashion shopping characteristics and perceived interactivity on perceived usefulness, and the effect of perceived usefulness on purchase attitude and purchase intention based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). We conducted the survey targeting smartphone users in their 20s~30s living in Seoul and metropolitan area. Among 483 data collected, we used 452 samples except 31 unreliable respondents for the analysis. To analyze the structural equation model, we did factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 16.0. The results were as follows: We confirmed 5 mobile fashion shopping characteristics (enjoyment, credibility, instant connectivity, security, and personalization) and 3 perceived interactivity factors (control, responsiveness and two-way communication, and contextual offer) as results of confirmative factor analysis. Mobile fashion shopping characteristics and perceived interactivity had positive effects on perceived usefulness. Mobile fashion shopping characteristics affected perceived interactivity and also had indirect effect on perceived usefulness via perceived interactivity. In other words, mobile fashion shopping characteristics had direct and indirect effect on perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness influenced purchase attitude and purchase attitude influenced purchase intention. Perceived usefulness had direct effect on purchase intention and the indirect effect through purchase attitude was significant.

This study investigated the influence of probabilistic variability in stiffness and nonlinearity of soil on response of nuclear power plant (NPP) structure subjected to seismic loads considering the soil-structure interaction (SSI). Both deterministic and probabilistic methods have been employed to evaluate the dynamic responses of the structure. For the deterministic method, SRPmin method given in USNRC SRP 3.7.2(2013) (envelope of responses using three shear modulus profiles of lower bound(GLB), best estimate(GBE) and upper bound(GUB)) and SRPmax method (envelope of responses by more than three ground profiles within range of GLB≤G≤GUB) have been considered. The probabilistic method uses the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) that can capture probabilistic feature of soil stiffness defined by the median and the standard deviation. These analysis results indicated that 1) number of samples shall be larger than 60 to apply the probabilistic approach in SSI analysis and 2) in-structure response spectra using equivalent linear soil profiles considering the nonlinear behavior of soil medium can be larger than those based on low-strain soil profiles.

Numerical simulations of liquid water droplets interacting with gas channel walls in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell are performed with the volume of fluid (VOF) method. To investigate the effect of channel wall wettability, the contact angles of gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the side/top walls are varied as 45, 90, and 140 degrees. Two different water injection inlet locations are selected to investigate the interactions of liquid water with the different gas channel walls. As the GDL contact angle increases, the GDL surface water coverage ratio and the water volume ratio decrease. When the water injection hole is located near the side wall, the GDL surface water coverage ratio decreases and the water volume ratio increases as the contact angle of the side and top walls decreases. In conclusion, the GDL surface water coverage ratio and the water volume ratio may compete with each other to determine the fuel cell performance.

This paper presents a detailed procedure for a nonlinear soil-structure interaction of a seismically isolated NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) structure using the boundary reaction method (BRM). The BRM offers a two-step method as follows: (1) the calculation of boundary reaction forces in the frequency domain on an interface of linear and nonlinear regions, (2) solving the wave radiation problem subjected to the boundary reaction forces in the time domain. For the purpose of calculating the boundary reaction forces at the base of the isolator, the KIESSI-3D program is employed in this study to solve soil-foundation interaction problem subjected to vertically incident seismic waves. Wave radiation analysis is also employed, in which the nonlinear structure and the linear soil region are modeled by finite elements and energy absorbing elements on the outer model boundary using a general purpose nonlinear FE program. In this study, the MIDAS/Civil program is employed for modeling the wave radiation problem. In order to absorb the outgoing elastic waves to the unbounded soil region, spring and viscous-damper elements are used at the outer FE boundary. The BRM technique utilizing KIESSI-3D and MIDAS/Civil programs is verified using a linear soil-structure analysis problem. Finally the method is applied to nonlinear seismic analysis of a base-isolated NPP structure. The results show that BRM can effectively be applied to nonlinear soil-structure interaction problems.

The nuclear accident due to the recent earthquake in Japan has triggered awareness of the importance of safety with regard to nuclear power plants (NPPs). An earthquake is one of the most important parameters which governs the safety of NPPs among external events. Application of a base isolation system for NPPs can reduce the risk for earthquakes. At present, a soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis is essential in the seismic design of NPPs in consideration of the ground structure interaction. In the seismic analysis of the base-isolated NPP, it is restrictive to consider the nonlinear properties of seismic isolation devices due to the linear analysis of the SSI analysis programs, such as SASSI. Thus, in this study, SSI analyses are performed using an iterative approach considering the material nonlinearity of the isolators. By performing the SSI analysis using an iterative approach, the nonlinear properties of isolators can be considered. The difference between the SSI analysis results without iteration and SSI with iteration using SASSI is noticeable. The results of the SSI analysis using an effective linear (non-iterative) approach underestimate the spectral acceleration because the effective linear model cannot consider the nonlinear properties of isolators. The results of the SSI analysis show that the horizontal response of the base-isolated NPP is significantly reduced.

The dynamic interaction of liquid droplets emerging from the gas diffusion layer surface is modeled to study the behavior of liquid water inside the gas channel of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with the volume of fluid (VOF) formulation. The surface contact angle of gas diffusion layer is varied as 45, 90, and 140 degrees. The air inlet velocity in the gas channel is varied as 5, 10, and 15 m/s. The water inlet velocity from micro pores is varied as 0.5, 1, and 2 m/s. As the contact angle increases, water coverage ratio increases. As the air inlet velocity and the water inlet velocity increase, water droplets move faster toward the channel exit as evidenced from the water front location plots. In summary, the hydrophobic wall contact angle and higher air/water inlet velocities provide better water removal characteristics.

본 연구는 상호작용공정성이 조직구성원들의 혁신행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 이들 사이의 관계에서 조직비전 인식의 조절효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 상호작용공정성은 중요한 연구주제 로서 상호작용공정성의 영향력과 상호작용공정성이 어떠한 상황적 조건에서 의미가 있는 지를 밝히는 것은 무척 중요하다. 상호작용공정성은 Colquitt(2001), Colquitt & Rodell(2011) 등의 연구를 기반으로 하여 대인관계공정성과 정보적공정성으로 구분하였다. 연구가설의 설정은 주효과 가설과 조절효과 가설로 설정하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상호작용공정성 중 정보적공정성은 혁신행동을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 대인관계공정성은 유의미한 영향력이 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 조직비전 인식은 혁신행동을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 조직비전 인식은 대인관계공정성이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향력에 있어서 조절역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 정보적공정성은 조직구성원들의 혁신행동을 증가시키는 것으로 나타나 혁신행동의 중요한 선행변수임을 알 수 있었다. 더불어 조직비전 인식이 높은 경우에는 조직비전 인식이 낮은 경우에 비해 대인관계공정성이 높을수록 더욱 혁신행동을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 결국 조직비전이 명료하며 이를 조직구성원들이 잘 공유하고 있다고 인식할수록 대인관계공정성의 긍정적 영향력은 더욱 확대된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 상호작용공정성이 혁신행동에 중요한 선행변수라는 것을 규명하였다는 점에서 의의를 가질 수 있다. 또한 조직비전 인식의 역할을 살펴봄으로써 조직비전을 조직구성원들에게 공유시키고 명료하게 제시하는 것이 대인관계공정성을 통해 조직구성원들의 혁신행동을 이끌어 낸다는 것을 규명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

이 논문은 온도차에 따라 변화되는 이온성 액체와 낮은 밴드갭을 갖는 고분자인 poly(2-heptadecyl-4-vinylthieno[3,4-d]thiazole)(PHVTT) 간의 상호작용 및 고분자 의 거동을 조사하 였다. 이온성 액체는 methyl imidazolium chloride([MIM]Cl), butyl methyl imidazolium chloride([BMIM]Cl), tri-butyl methyl ammonium methyl sulfate([TBMA][ MeSO4])를 사용하였으며, 21, 28, 32, 37℃로 온도를 변화시키며 상호작용의 변화를 UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy를 통해 확인한 결과 이온성 액체인 [MIM]Cl, [TBMA][MeSO4]와 PHVTT의 상호작용은 점차 약해짐을 확인할 수 있었지만, [BMIM]Cl은 온도 변화에 따른 상호작용의 변화를 보이지 않았다.

In this study, we investigated localized surface plasmon resonance and the related coupling phenomena with respect to various geometric parameters of Ag nanoparticles, including the size and inter-particle distance. The plasmon resonances of Ag nanoparticles were studied using three-dimensional finite difference time domain(FDTD) calculations. From the FDTD calculations, we discovered the existence of a symmetric and an anti-symmetric plasmon coupling modes in the coupled Ag nanoparticles. The dependence of the resonance wavelength with respect to the inter-particle distance was also investigated, revealing that the anti-symmetric mode is more closely correlated with the inter-particle distance of the Ag nanoparticles than the symmetric mode. We also found that higher order resonance modes are appeared in the extinction spectrum for closely spaced Ag nanoparticles. Plasmon resonance calculations for the Ag particles coated with a SiO2 layer showed enhanced plasmon coupling due to the strengthened plasmon resonance, suggesting that the inter-particle distance of the Ag nanoparticles can be estimated by measuring the transmission and absorption spectra with the plasmon resonance of symmetric and anti-symmetric localized surface plasmons.

The present study explores the effects of peer intimacy on Korean primary English learners' collaborative group work in terms of writing achievement and peer interaction. Fifty six elementary school students engaged in small group work on English writing tasks. They were grouped in three different types: high intimacy level group, low intimacy level group, and random group. The study results indicated no significant group differences in the students' abilities and attitudes of English writing. However, the three groups differed in the quantity and quality of peer interaction. The high intimacy group produced the largest number of utterance and the most collaborative interactions. The low intimacy group, on the other hand, produced more utterances but less collaborative interactions than did the random group. Overall, the study results suggested that peer intimacy may have no immediate effect on students' learning through small group work but it possibly has delayed effects in prolonged group work by mediating the quantity and quality of peer interactions. Limitations of the study and pedagogical suggestions are provided.

Since the collapse of historical masonry structures in Europe in the late 1990’s, the interests in understanding the long-term effect of masonry under sustained compressive stresses have increased. That requires combining the significance of time-dependent effects of creep with the effect of damage due to overstress to realize the evolution of cracks and then failure in masonry. Meanwhile, composite analysis of masonry columns was proven effective for realizing ultimate strength capacity of masonry column. In this study, a simplified mechanical model with step-by-step in time analysis was proposed to incorporate the interaction of damage and creep to estimate the maximum stress occurred in masonry. It was examined that the interaction of creep and damage in masonry can accelerate the failure of masonry.

In this study, a series of dynamic centrifuge tests were performed for a soil-foundation-structural interaction system in dry sand with various embedded depths and superstructure conditions. Sinusoidal wave, sweep wave and real earthquake were used as input motion with various input acceleration and frequencies. Based on the results, a natural period and an earthquake load for soil-structure interaction system were evaluated by comparing the free-field and foundation accelerations . The natural period of free field is longer than that of the soil-foundation-structure system. In addition, it is confirmed that the earthquake load for soil-foundation-structure system is smaller than that of free-field in short period region. In contrast, the earthquake load for soil-foundation-structure interaction system is larger than that of free-field in long period region. Therefore, the current seismic design method, applying seismic loading of free-field to foundation, could overly underestimate seismic load and cause unsafe design for long period structures, such as high-rise buildings.

Lee Jee-won. 2014. The Interactional Use of Speaker Head Movements in Direct Reported Speech of Mandarin Chinese. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(1). This study examines the coordination of talk and head movement in the production of direct reported speech in Mandarin Chinese conversation. Analysis of several instances suggests that in direct reported speech, a speaker's head movement plays a crucial role in the interaction. Speakers employ their head movements to mark the boundaries of reported/original speakers. Speakers turn their heads toward recipients when they convey their stance toward the reported utterance while reproducing it. Recipients are thus able to parse a larger telling into parts that reenact the events and parts that communicate their affective stance. Through the way in which the speakers arrange their head with respect to the recipients, the participants create a public, visible locus for the organization of a collaborative storytelling process.

Son Hui-Youn 2014. The Meaning of Conversation as a Socio-cognitive Process of the Second Language Acquisition: Analyzing conversation type of microgenesis in the Sociocultural theory's point of view. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(1). This study aims to identify conversational phenomenon that shows socio-cognitive process of the second language acquisition. To this end, this study investigated major concepts in the ‘sociocultural theory’s point of view and descriptive methodology based on the ‘conversational analysis'. The analysis data of this study was transcribed by observing the conversations generated in the situation where four Korean language learners from Mongol performing story-making and, interview. Based on this analysis data, this study caught conversational scenes that show the second language development as ‘microgenesis’ phenomena and tried to find the theories of acquisition and conversation organization involved in these conversational scenes. As results of analysis, firstly, this study could see clinical conversation types of microgenetic development generated to complete story-making; secondly, this study could observe cooperative conversational phenomena of microgenetic development accompanied by conversational phenomena such as repair or metaenonciation during the course of interview.

톱다리개미허리노린재[Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae)]는 콩에서 중요한 난방제 해충이다. 톱다리개미허리노린재와 두 종의 알기생벌의 계절적 발생 패턴을 기주 식물과 연관하여 고찰하였다. 또한 천적 상호간의 상대적 발생 패턴의 차이와 이유를 분석하고 톱다리개미허리노린재의 기주 식물에 대한 적합도 검증 결과를 바탕으로 톱다리개미허리노린재의 관리 전략을 제시하였다. 톱다리개미허리노린재의 효과적인 관리를 위해서 저항성품종의 사용, 과수의 경우 주변 작물에서 콩을 배제하는 것, 기주알 공급을 통한 보존적 생물적 방제, 살충제 사용 시기의 조절 등이 고려되어야 한다.