PURPOSES: This study is to develop Right-Turning Channelization Design Models of Semitrailer at Intersections by regression of vehicle tracking simulation. METHODS: Based on the literature review, it was indicated that right-turning channelization design guide of semitrailer is too complex and is not reflected turning speed and approach angle. To verify effectiveness of right turning semitrailer trajectories according to the changing turning speed and approach angle, vehicle tracking simulation was executed. And then, simulation results were analyzed for modeling design elements; minimum turning radius, swept path width, arc length, width of triangle island, of right-turning channelization using regression methods. RESULTS : When the turning speed is getting higher, minimum turning radius, arc length, width of triangle island increased and the approach angle lower, swept path width, arc length, width of triangle island reduced. The turning radius completely reflected by turning speed. CONCLUSIONS : In this research, it was investigated how much design elements are changed according to the turning speed and the approach angle of semitrailer. The developed right-turning channelization design models can help engineers to easy and comfortable design at various conditions.

PURPOSES : This paper numerically evaluates the contribution of transverse steel to the structural behavior of continuously reinforced concrete pavements to understand the role of transverse steel. METHODS: Two-lane continuously reinforced concrete pavements with and without transverse steel were analyzed through finite element analysis with the aid of commercial finite element analysis program DIANA; the difference in their structural behavior such as deflection, joint opening, and stress distribution was then evaluated. Twenty-node brick elements and three-node beam elements were used to model concrete and steel, respectively. Sub-layers were modeled with horizontal and vertical tensionless spring elements. The interactions between steel and surrounding concrete were considered by connecting their nodes with three orthogonal spring elements. Both wheel loading and environmental loading in addition to self-weight were considered. RESULTS : The use of transverse steel in continuously reinforced concrete pavements does not have significant effects on the structural behavior. The surface deflections change very little with the use of transverse steel. The joint opening decreases when transverse steel is used but the reduction is quite small. The transverse concrete stress, rather, increases when transverse steel is used due to the restraint exerted by the steel but the increase is quite small as well. CONCLUSIONS : The main role of transverse steel in continuously reinforced concrete pavements is supporting longitudinal steel and/or controlling unexpected longitudinal cracks rather than enhancing the structural capacity.

In this paper, we propose an efficient real-time multi-user input processing algorithm and protocol for supporting a number of different types of user input from various input devices. The main objective of this multi-user input processing algorithm and protocol is to support multiple users to interact simultaneously with the interactive digital content using a variety of user input devices. This protocol is composed of two parts: the input terminal and the server. The input terminals are connected to input devices and the 1:1 value obtained by the selection, calibration, integration, analysis and then transmission to the server to be used for the user input to the contents. The server processes multi-user input information and applies the input processing algorithm to identify the user and then pass input information to the desired application. This paper presents the design and implementation of the multi-user input processing algorithm and protocol. It also describes how to build and execute a multi-user interactive Unity3D application based on this algorithm.

Control charts are generally used for process control, but the role of traditional control charts have been limited in case of a contaminated process. Traditional x control charts have not been activated well for such a problem because of trying to control processes as center line and control limits changed by the contaminated value. This paper is to propose robust x control charts which is considering a location parameter in order to respond to contaminated process. In this paper, we consider x, that is trimmed rate; typically ten percent rate is used. By comparing with p, ARL value, the responding results are decided. The comparison resultant results of proposed two control charts are shown and are well contrasted.

Recently the creative education is being discoursed actively for the primary and the secondary school in Korea. It makes students get the creativity and the alternative knowledge which is merged in the new solution for solving some problems that they can meet in their life. On the other hand, Game Based Learning (G-Learning) has been approved it's educational effects not only in Korea but also all over the world. This study tried to consider G-Learning as educational methods for improving the creativity. To put it concretely, the purpose of this study is inquiry useful strategies for designing the G-Learning considering factors for the creativity. There are many scholars who has been researching about the creativity factors such as Guilford, Torrance, Anderson or Clark and so on. This study inquired some strategies into the G-Learning considering creativity factors by Guilford and Torrance who had researched creativity factors for the primary and the secondary school students. For the game design theory, this study examined Whitton's one because he had reported one of the most comprehensive game design strategies. Finally, this study inquired game design strategies based on merging the creativity factors by Guilford with the game design strategies by Whitton. It suggests useful strategies for the game designer who are willing to develop some games for improving students' creativity directly or creativity strategies as necessary factors for the G-Learning.

The ability of being able communicate in English is one of the core abilities to be reared for the students who have to live in the modern society. English is one of the important languages of today. In order to learn such English, the most basic words and idioms need to be learned first. According to the previous studies, In the elementary school, students tend to lose their interest and affection about English as they move up the grades. However, In recent, 62% of th elementary school students have a smart phone and the main function used by 58% among them is games. Due to these reasons, Interrest in learning smartphone game has been increasing. this study intends to design and implementation the educative games for the learning of English idioms on smart phone so that the students can get interest and fun. The English idioms educating game which shall be produced in this study not only is easy and fun to be played by the learner but also made it possible for the English idioms learning not to be boring by adding fun and giving motivations through competitions among the learners by making each obtainments of alphabets of each English idioms into points. In order to induce the repetitive learning of the learners, the lesson menu was used to allow the English idiom repetition lesson. Also, the acceleration sensor of the smart phone was utilized to produce this game so that the game is played fluidly and conveniently.

Simple 3, 10, and 30-story buildings with a nonstructural element which is located at roof or near the middle of the building height are selected. Based on 2009 Korean Building Code, the seismic design force applied at the nonstructural element is evaluated. Response spectrum analysis is conducted with the design response acceleration spectrum of 2009 Korean Building Code and the analytical response is compared with the seismic design force from the Code. Furthermore, an artificial earthquake based on Korean design response acceleration spectrum and the 50% intensity of El Centro earthquake, which can be considered as the maximum future earthquake possibly occurring in Korea, are selected to conduct time history analysis. When the period of the nonstructural element is shorter than 0.06 second or longer than that of the 1st period of each building, the Code equations of seismic design force for nonstructural element seems to be appropriate. However, the period of the nonstructural element is close to the one of the building's higher mode periods including the 1st period, seismic force of the nonstructural element might exceed the Code specified seismic design force.

The environment and requirements of modern war fields have been affected and thus changed by a variety of issues. To this end, the development of safety-critical weapon systems frequently need to meet those changes even in the operational phase. The necessity of the changes may be due to the preparation for mass-production or the request originated from the user military forces. To meet such a need can be even tougher in the development of safety-critical weapon systems since the integration of the requirements for both systems design and systems safety would make it troublesome. To handel the matter in this paper, utilization of architecture DB is proposed. Specifically, the situation in demand has first been analyzed and then a problem-solving process to accommodate the design changes has been constructed. In doing so, the concept of the aforementioned integration is particularly focused on the functional architecture, which could be a core concept of our approach to solving the problem. The result of a case study demonstrating the method studied using a computer-aided systems engineering tool is also presented.

This study describes the development of innovative connections between steel beams and concrete-filled tube columns that utilize a combination of low-carbon steel and super-elastic shape memory alloy components. The intent is to combine the recentering behavior provided by the shape memory alloys to reduce building damage and residual drift after a major earthquake with the excellent energy dissipation of the low-carbon steel. The analysis and design of structures requires that simple yet accurate models for the connection behavior be developed. The development of a simplified 2D spring connection model for cyclic loads from advanced 3D FE monotonic studies is described. The implementation of those models into non-linear frame analyses indicates hat the recentering systems will provide substantial benefits for smaller earthquakes and superior performance to all-welded moment frames for large earthquakes.

본 연구에서는 국내외 항공기 충돌에 대한 원자력발 전소의 안전성 평가 및 규제 현황과 연구용원자로의 안 전성 평가 및 규제 현황을 살펴보았다. 이러한 현황과 평가와 관련하여 연구용원자로에 적용할 수 있는 항공 기 충돌 안전성 평가 및 대비설계 기준을 원자력발전소 에 적용되는 기준을 기반으로 정리하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 후속되는 연구에서는 연구용원자로에 대한 실질적인 항공기 충돌 안전성 평가 및 대비설계 기준을 도출할 수 있으며, 평가 및 대비설계 방법을 상세히 정 립할 수 있을 것이다. 결과적으로, 이를 바탕으로는 항 공기 충돌에 대비한 연구용원자로 건물의 예비개념설 계 모델을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

Prevention of the disasters is the best welfare to workers and it brings the growth and stability of an enterprise, finally uplifts the national competitiveness. Because small-scale businesses do not have safety and health managers, the government provides a wide range of safety and health management supports to small-scale businesses. However despite of this government's effort, the industrial accident rate of small-scale businesses does not decline, which is mainly because the projects are not differentiated according to the risk level of individual business. Therefore, this paper aims to obtain implications concerning a plan to conduct a reliable assessment of education through a safety job assessment, and to build a framework which may improve a technical area through the AHP analysis.

목적:본 연구는 남가주대학의 성공적인 노화연구(the USC well elderly research study)를 이론적 근거로 한 라이프스타일 재설계 프로그램이 치매노인의 시간 사용과 삶의 질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 한다.연구방법:연구 대상은 10명의 치매노인을 대상으로 총 13주간에 걸쳐 라이프스타일 재설계 프로그램이 이루어졌다. 프로그램 적용 전 1주간에 걸쳐 작업 설문지(Occupational Questionnaire; OQ), 치매 노인 삶의 질 척도(Geriatric Quality of Life-Dementia; GQOL-D)를 통해 사전 검사를 실시하였고, 11주간의 프로그램이 끝난 후 1주 동안 사후 검사를 실시하였다.결과:라이프스타일 재설계 프로그램 적용 후 치매노인의 삶의 질 그리고 휴식과 수면영역에서 유의한 변화를 보였다. 또한 프로그램 적용 후 CDR 등급에 따른 분석 결과 수단적 일상생활, 여가, 휴식과 수면영역에서 유의한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.결론:라이프스타일 재설계 프로그램은 치매노인의 휴식과 수면에 소비되는 시간을 감소시켰고, 수단적 일상생활, 여가와 같은 생산적 활동 시간을 증가시켰으며, 그로 인해 삶의 질이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

레벨셋 기법과 위상민감도를 이용하여 선형 탄성 구조물에 대하여, 초기 설계형상에 의존성이 없는 위상 및 형상 최적설계 기법을 개발하였다. 레벨셋 기법에서는 복잡한 위상 형상변화를 쉽게 다루기 위해 초기 영역은 고정한 채 레벨셋 함수로 표현되는 암시적 이동경계로 경계를 표현한다. 해밀턴-자코비(H-J) 방정식과 수치적으로 강건한 기법인 ‘up-wind scheme’은 컴플라이언스 목적함수를 최소화시키고 허용체적 제약조건을 만족시키면서, 초기 암시적 경계를 법선 속도장에 따라 최적의 형상으로 이끌어 낸다. 점근적인 정규화 개념에 근거하여, 구멍의 반지름을 0으로 접근시켜 형상 미분의 극한을 취한 위상민감도를 고려하였다. 최적조건으로부터 유도된 라그란지안의 감소 방향을 이용하여 H-J 방정식을 갱신하기 위한 속도장을 결정하였다. 개발한 방법에서는 위상민감도로부터 얻어지는 지표를 이용하여 구멍을 언제든지 어디에서나 생성가능하기 때문에 초기 구멍이 최적 형상을 얻기 위해 요구되지 않는다는 사실을 확인하였다. 또한 효율적인 최적화 과정을 위해서는 구멍 생성을 위한 조정변수의 적절한 선택이 중요함을 확인하였다.

레벨셋 기법과 무요소법을 결합한 위상 및 형상 최적설계 기법을 개발하여 선형 탄성문제에 적용하였다. 설계민감도는 애드조인트법을 사용하여 효율적으로 구하였다. 해밀턴-자코비 방정식을 업-윈드 기법을 이용하여 수치적으로 풀었으며, 구조물의 경계는 레벨셋 함수를 이용하여 암시적으로 표현하였다. 구조물의 응답과 설계민감도를 얻기 위하여 암시적 함수를 사용하여 명시적 경계를 생성하였다. 재생 커널 기법에 기초하여 얻어진 전역 절점 기저함수를 사용하여 연속체 지배방정식의 변위장을 이산화하였다. 따라서 질점들을 연속체 영역의 어느 곳이든 위치시킬 수 있으며, 이는 통해 명시적 경계를 생성하는 것이 가능하며, 결과적으로 정확한 설계를 얻을 수 있다. 개발된 방법은 제한 조건이 있는 최적설계 문제에 대하여 라그랑지안 범함수를 정의한다. 이는 경계의 변화를 통하여 허용 부피 제한조건을 만족시키면서 컴플라이언스를 최소화한다. 최적설계 과정 동안 라그랑지안 범함수의 최적화조건을 만족시킴으로써 해밀턴-자코비 방정식을 풀기 위한 속도장을 얻는다. 기존의 형상 최적설계 기법에 비하여, 본 방법론은 위상과 형상의 변화를 쉽게 얻어낼 수 있다.

상반전 풍력터빈은 설계와 성능 관점에서 최근 각광을 받기 시작하고 있다. 본 논문은 NREL S822, S823을 이용하여 설계 및 모델링한 상반전 풍력터빈에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 본 논문은 수치해석 기법을 통하여 단일 풍력터빈과 상반전 풍력터빈을 각각 설계하고, 그 성능을 다양한 조건에서 비교하고자 하였다. 그 결과 상반전 풍력터빈은 단일 풍력 터빈에 비해 TSR 3~5 영역에서 보다 높은 성능계수를 나타냈으며, 그 보다 더 높은 TSR 영역에서는 낮은 성능계수를 나타내었다. 이것은 로터 상 하류의 간섭의 간섭 때문이며, 또한 본 연구에서는 낮은 영역의 TSR에서 운전되는 상반전 풍력터빈의 유효성을 함께 보였다.

Since 2003, policies and practices related to the reduction of CO2 gas emission from ships has been discussing by the International Maritime Organization. The representative emission index and indicator are the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) for the new ships and EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator) during the voyage. In this paper a water tank test and procedure development are introduced for the purpose of improving EEDI. The results showed good agreement explaining the characteristics properly.

본 논문에서는 배터리 전극 해석을 위한 응력-확산 완전 연계 멀티스케일 해석기법을 고안하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 먼저 리튬농도에 따른 확산계수 및 기계적 물성을 계산하였다. 이를 고려하여 확산에 의한 응력뿐만 아니라 응력에 의한 확산거동 변화까지 모두 고려한 응력-확산 완전연계 연속체 모델을 유한요소 기반으로 구성하였다. 이를 통해 실리콘 나노와이어 음극의 충/방전 전산 모사를 수행하였다. 이러한 해석결과를 통하여 기존의 확산에 의한 응력 연속체 모델보다 더 실제와 가까운 해석결과를 제안된 방법이 보여줌을 확인할 수 있었다.