Three numerical experiments are done using IAP(Institute of Atmospheric Physics) global spectral model(T42L9) to investigate the influence of the surface temperatures on the 7-day simulation. Particularly, the response of the subtropical High in summer to the variation of soil temperature and sea surface temperature(SST) was emphasized through a series of experiments. Experiment 1 uses the June climate data as the earth surface conditions. Experiment 2 is similar to Experiment 1 except for the soil surface temperature. Experiment 3 is the same as Experiment 1 except for the modified SST, which is much warmer than the June climate SST on the sea around the Korean peninsula. The main finding in 7-day simulation is that the response of the subtropical high in summer to the variation of the soil surface temperature was much more than that to the variation of the SST. It is implied that the proper treatment of soil surface temperature is more important than that of the SST for the better 7-day simulation of the subtropical high in summer.

마늘퓨레를 제조하였을 때 원료로 사용된 마늘의 저장온도와 퓨레의 pH 및 온도가 변색에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 그 원인을 구명하기 위하여 본 실험이 수행되었다. 마늘퓨레의 변색은 저온저장했던 마늘로 퓨레제조시 심하게 나타났으며 pH 4.0, 2와 조건에서 청변이 가장 심하였다. 변색의 양상은 녹변, 청변, 그리고 갈변의 세가지 형태로 나타났으며 산화적 갈변을 제외한 녹변과 청변은 변색정도의 차이일 뿐 같은 기작에 의한 것으로 생각되었다. 변색색

It failed occasionally to take a reasonable emergence rate since tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds were planted on late Jan. showing lowest temperature. This experiment was done to measure the effect of GA3 (concentration ; period) , light quality (red ; white ; dark) during or after its treatment, daily irradiation hours( 0 ; 8 ; 12 ;16) and germination termperature (20 or 10 ℃ ocnstant ; 20/10℃ alternating) on the germination rate. Red and white light given during grmination showed no differences between the other daily irradiation hours except that 8 hours red light delayed germination although their 12 hours irradiation had the gratest rate. The rate was increased with increased concentration to GA3 0.01 mM or increased imbibition period to 3 days although the rate of cv. NC 82 was less than that of cv. Burley 21 in the case of dark imbibition of GA3 but daily 12 hours irradiation during germination. Light quality forced during GA3 imbibition eliminated such effect of GA3 shown in the darkness so that only light quality pretreatment and termperature during germinition were affected on the rate. The germination rate of thecultivars was decreased in the order of red, white light, darkness meaning that it was highly influenced by the light quality during GA3 treatment. Regardless of GA3 or light quality treatment,on the other hand, the rate was greater in 20 ℃ constat than 10℃ constant and 20/10℃ alternating germination temperature having similar germinative patterns.

This study was conducted to blow the effect of postharvest physiological changes on garlic quality according to its ecotypes and storage temperatures. The changes of water, total soluble solids, crude stein, md total fructans were measured and the rates of respiration and sprouting were analyzed during storage at 20 and 30. The decrease of water content and the increase of total soluble solids were reversely appeared during garlic storage. The crude protein content was gradually increased during storage but total fructan content was decrased. The respiration late was maximized at 60days after storage and the spouting rate was gradually increased. In the aspect of ecotypic characteristics, the water content, fructan content and sprouting rate were higher in 'Namdo' cultivar than those of southern type. The high storage temperature (30) controlled spouting and loss of fructan, and it was effective to maintain the garlic quality.

Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on nitrogen (N) uptake , leaf N concentration, N partitioning , N use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of pot and field grown rice (Oryza sativa. L.cv. Chukwangbyeo) under canopy-like conditions were studied over three years. Rice plants were grown in pots and in the field in temperature gradient chambers containing either ambient(350ppm) or elevated CO2 concentrations (690 or 650ppm) in conbination with either four or seven temperature regimes ranging form ambient temperature(AT) to AT plus 3℃. There were three N supplies 94g or 6g m-2 to 20g or 48g m-2.Elevated CO2 increased N uptake in field-grown rice ; the magnitude of this effect was thelargest (+15%) at the highest N level. However, in pot-grown rice, N uptake was suppressed with the effect was the largest at high N levels. Leaf N concentration declined at elevated CO2 mainly due to a decrease in N partitiioning to the leaf blades. Air temperature had little effect on the N parameters mentioned previously, wherease NUE for spikelet production declined rapidly with increased temperature irrespective of CO2 concentration. The response of the biomass to elevated CO2 varied with N level, with the greatest response at 20g N m-2 (+30%) . At AT, where high temperature-induced sterility was generally not observed, elevated CO2 increased yield. However, the magnitude of this effect varied greatly (2-39%) with N level, and was mainly dependent on the magnitude of the increase in spikelet number.

Nanofiltration[NF45] and reverse osmosis membrane[HR98PP] separation treatment of dyestuff wastewater was carried out in order to seperate relatively pure water from synthetic dyestuff wastewater, which consists of reactive dye, acid dye, basic dye, direct dye, and disperse dye. The experiments were performed by using the plate and frame membrane module. In the nanoflltration and reverse osmosis membrane separation, When the NaCl concentration was 0.1, 5.0, and 20.0%, retention was 63.0, 46.0, 0.9%, respectively. When permeate flux was 125.0, 67.5, and 45.0 L/㎡·h, the osmotic pressure increased with increasing the NaCl concentration. Permeate flux of two membranes increased as temperature increased due to segmental movement of polymer of the membrane and the rejection rate of dyestuff was decreased gradually. It was found that the rejection rate was about 95% in the nanofiltration, while the reverse osmosis membrane showed a high rejection rate of 99% under all temperature and pressures conditions.

더덕재배의 기초자료를 얻을 목적으로 온도, 광(光)처리와 DIF처리를 행하였다. 지상부의 생육은 20℃와 25℃구에서 가장 좋았으며 차광처리에 의해 억제되었다. 지하부의 생체중은 15℃에서 16.6g으로 가장 무거웠으며 30℃구에서 가장 나빴지만 차광 처리에 의해 조금 비대해졌다. 일정온도 및 +DIF 처리구에서 초장은 더욱 신장하였고 엽장(葉長)과 엽폭(葉幅)은 일정온도 및 DIF처리에 의해 큰 영향이 없었다. 지하부의 생체중(生體重)은 25℃의 일정 온도와 +DIF처리구에서 좋았으나 근(根)의 굵기는 모든 처리구에서 대차(大差)없이 5.3에서 7.2mm 범위였다.

The rheological Voperties of biopolymers produced by Bacilli sp. K-1 and its mutant strains(KM-21, KM-83) were studied at the temperature ranges with 20∼80, at the concenration of 2∼6%, at the pH ranges from 3.0 to 9.0 and at the shear rate of 9.3-930sec-1 The apparent viscosity of biopolymers was decreased with increasing shear rate, and thereby biopolymers showed pseudoplastic characteristics. It was found that the apparent viscosity models respected 19 temperature, concentration and both temperature and concentration were expressed by Arrhenius Model, Exponential Model and combined of the above two Models. Therefore, the apparent viscosity could be predictable by Arrhenius and Exponential Models with high R2.

The effect of drying temperature (30, 40, 50, 60) on chemical components of Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodss) was investigate. When compared proximate composition on pileus and stipe of raw and dried materials, all of them were found to be higher in the stipe part than in the pileus part. The major components of organic acid were oxalic, citric, malic, malonic and pyroglutaric acid. The contents of free and total amino acids in pileus and stipe were 3458.4, 7640.2mg% for pilueus; 2298.0, 6171.5mg% for stipe on dry basis, respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the changes of crude ash and organic acids content of Shiitake mushroom among drying temperatures. But the amount of crude fats was increased and that of reducing sugars was decreased with increase of drying temperature. The contents of crude proteins of pileus part of dried materials were increased with increased drying temperature, but those of stile part were gradually decreased. The contents of free amino acids decreased with increase in drying temperature, but those of total amino acids were gradually increased.