본 논문에서는 가변요소와 불변요소에 관한 사용자의 상태를 미하이 칙센트미하이의 플로우 이론을 이용하여 분석하고자 하였다. 연구를 위하여 우리는 pc플랫폼의 게임서비스 스팀의 가장 많은 유저수를 보유한 3개의 게임 “플레이어언노운즈 배틀그라운드”, “카운터 스트라크 글로벌 오펜시브”, “톰 클랜시의 레인보우 식스 시즈”을 선정하였다. 우리는 유저의 승패에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 5가지 요소: 탄착군패턴, 반동패턴, 장비, 스폰 위치, 적 스폰 위치를 선별하였으며, 해당 요소가 가변, 불변요소를 얼마나 내포하였는지, 유저의 의 도에 따라 변화가 가능한지를 확인하고 분류하였다. 또한 우리는 미하이 칙센트미하이의 플로우 이론과 스팀 통계사이트 게임유저수 분석그래프를 통하여 유저풀의 변화를 분석하였다. 이 방법으로 우리는 각각의 게임이 가변요소와 불변요소의 비중에 따라 어떤 유저풀을 가지고 있는지 확인할 수 있었다. 이방법을 통해 우리는 유저심리와 게임개발 모델링에 관하여 공부하고 이것이 장차 앞으로의 게임 개발에 긍정적인 도움이 되기를 바란다.

In order to explore the similarities and differences among the "Petty bourgeois" factors in the various periods of Chinese film, this paper traces the evolution of the "Petty bourgeois" factors in the context of the Mao era, the Deng era, and the globalization era, respectively. First of all, under the Guidance of "Literature and Art Serving the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers" in the Mao era, film became a tool for propagating the ideology of class struggle. Elements of petty bourgeoisie literature such as "Individualism, Critical Realism, Sentimentalism" were abandoned and obscured in the film. The urban petty bourgeoisie was the main cinema audiences at the time, but it was not the subject of film creation. Second, in the era of Deng, as the reform of the social commodity economy, the traumatic literature film with the characteristics of "Individualism and Sentimentalism" was popular with the public. "Petty bourgeois" elements of literature and art abandoned by the Mao era began to return to the stage of history. Especially in the late 1980s, the "Wang Shuo Literature" movie, which depicts a special youth class in modern Chinese society, opened the prelude to the "new" Petty bourgeois era. Finally, with the return of Hollywood films to the Chinese market in 1995, Chinese films entered the era of globalization. Hollywood films produced a large amount of "new" petty bourgeois with the aesthetic taste of "Western middle class." With the rise of "new" petty bourgeois, films which expressed romance, rebellion, sentimental, comedy have become part of China’s diversified film market. Students and urban youth with “new” petty bourgeois character became the subject of the “new” petty-bourgeois films. The main body of Chinese film creation has taken a step closer to the image of a multi-faceted public image.

기장오구굿은 2박 3일간 이루어지며, 절차는 크게 청신ㆍ오신ㆍ송신의 세 부분이다. 청신은 부정굿ㆍ골매기 서낭굿ㆍ입문경ㆍ문굿, 오신은 초망자굿ㆍ방오구굿ㆍ하직굿ㆍ수리굿ㆍ시왕탄일굿ㆍ영산맞이, 송신은 꽃노래ㆍ뱃노래ㆍ초롱등노래ㆍ탑등노래ㆍ허개등ㆍ정정밟기ㆍ꽃사름ㆍ시석까지이다. 이중 불교적 요소가 매우 짙게 나타나는 절차는, 청신의 부정굿ㆍ문굿, 오신의 시왕탄일굿ㆍ영산맞이, 그리고 송신의 절차 대부분이다. 기장오구굿에서 절차명과 용어는 무속적인 은어 사용이 빈번하다. 이는 무속인들만의 언어라는 측면에서 불교의 것과는 차별성을 두려고 하는 면도 있지만, 한편으로는 같은 발음을 사용하면서도 완전히 다른, 새로운 단어를 생성하기도 하고 불교의 용어로 착각하게 만드는 부분도 있다. 이는 불교의례와는 차별되는 무의례만의 의미를 부여하고자 한 것으로 보인다. 굿당을 장식한 장엄물 역시 대부분 불교의례의 것을 그대로 수용하였다. 그러면서도 그 유래나 내력은 무속적으로 새롭게 해석을 더하고 있어서 불교의례와의 차별성을 확보하려는 의지가 드러난다. 본래 무속의 내세관은 모호하다. 이런 무속이 불교의 내세관을 받아들여 시왕탄일굿에서는 극락정토왕생을 발원한다. ‘극락이라는 좋은 곳이 있다는데 보내줄 수 없느냐’는 민중의 바람에 호응하지 않을 수 없었을 것이다.

비선형 유한요소해석 결과를 이용하여 철근콘크리트 부재를 설계를 하고자 할 경우 위험단면에서의 휨모멘트를 산정하여 야 한다. 본 논문에서는 연속체 요소를 사용한 철근콘크리트 유한요소해석 결과를 이용한 휨 모멘트 계산식을 제시하고 유한요소의 변위 함수의 차수에 따른 최적의 요소 크기를 제안하였다. 해석으로부터 산출된 응력을 적분하여 구한 휨 모멘트 와 정역학적 평형 조건을 이용하여 계산한 휨 모멘트를 비교하였다. 응력을 적분하는 방법에서는 철근에 의한 응력과 콘크 리트의 응력을 모두 고려하였다. 또한 유한요소해석으로 산출된 응력의 정확도에 영향을 주는 여러 요인들을 분석하고 적용 요소의 변위 함수와 요소 크기를 다르게 설정하여 그 영향을 확인하였다. 해석의 목적이 부재의 거동을 대략적으로 살펴보 는 목적이라면 1차 변위 함수를 사용하고 요소 크기가 해석 모델의 단면 높이의 25%정도라도 적절하다고 판단된다. 정확도가 높은 부재의 내력을 도출해야 할 경우에는 2차 변위 함수를 사용하고 요소 크기를 12.5%로 할 것을 제안한다.

In the international businesses human resource elements acquired in different countries might have different values in varied industries due to the different quality of education and experiences in the original countries. Using selection models to evaluate expected values in earnings equation of human resource elements such as education and experiences etc. acquired in sending countries, system equations are expanded to examine also the values of science and engineering degrees in technology jobs with selectivity bias correction. This paper used the US census survey data of 2015 on earnings, academic degrees, occupations etc. The US has long maintained the policy of accepting more STEM workers than any other countries and helped maintaining own technological leadership. Assuming per capita GDP gap between the sending country and the US downgrades immigrant human resource quality, it rarely affects occupational selection but depresses earnings on average by two or more years’ worth of education. Immigrant quality index in the sense of GDP gap appears to be a valid tool to assess the expected earnings of the worker with. Engineering degrees increase significantly the probability of selecting not only engineering jobs but also general management jobs, as well as increasing the expected earning additionally over nine years’worth of education. Getting a technology job is additionally worth about four years of education. Economics and business degrees are worth additionally almost six years of education but humanities degrees depress expected earnings. Since years after immigration does not very fast enhance earnings capacity, education level and English language ability might be more useful criteria to expect better future earnings by.

Logistics companies want to be competitive companies in fierce logistics market and are worrying about securing of differentiated competitiveness for it. The standards judging if logistics industry maintains the competitiveness are based on the satisfaction of users due to the well-established service system that can response not only economic feasibility of logistics costs such as transportation costs, storage costs, unloading charges, information costs, etc. but also diversity and upgradability of logistics needs. Therefore, this study focuses on seeking of service quality improvements with VBSD(Value Based Service Design) model focusing on customer value factors based on Kano model and QFD based service design approach from angles of customer value improvement and service costs reduction.

The F3D(Free-Form Formwork 3D Printer) technology that manufactures EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) formworks for irregular-shaped concrete structures by 3D printers was developed to reduce the cost and time. Because of weak strength and low elastic modulus of the EPS, structural performance including lateral pressure by fresh concrete of the formwork that consisted of EPS should be investigated. In order to calculate lateral pressures acting on formwork, several variables including sizes, shapes of formwork, tangential force(fricition) between fresh concrete and formwork, and material properties of fresh concrete should be considered. However, current regulations have not considered the properties of concrete, only focused on vertical formwork. Galleo introduced 3-dimensional finite element analysis models to calculate lateral pressure on formwork. Thus, proposed finite element analysis model based on previous studies were verified for vertical formwork and irregular-shaped formwork. The test results were compared with those by FEM analysis. As a result, the test agrees well with the analysis.

PURPOSES : The objective of this research is establishing system components and optimizing operational procedures in order to systematically manage road cave-ins in urban areas.METHODS: Based on the literature review and alternative comparison, optimization methods is suggested.RESULTS : Throughout the study, location referencing system, database structure, and operation strategy(procedure) were clarified, and the optimization methods for each item were suggested.CONCLUSIONS: Road cave-in management should be focused on user safety rather than focusing on economic aspects. The occurrence of road cave-in should be addressed thoroughly by road management system(location referencing system, database structure, and operation strategy(procedure), and the optimization methods), since they are closely related to road users' safety.

PURPOSES: The occurrence of unexpected disasters, including fire events, increases as the road network becomes complicated and traffic volume increases. When a fire event occurs on and under bridges, the damage extensively influences direct damage to structures, vehicles, and human life and secondary socioeconomic issues owing to traffic blockage. This study investigated potential fire-hazard risks on bridges of the Korean national route roadMETHODS: The investigation was conducted using field investigation and analysis with satellite pictures and road views from commercial websites and the Bridge Management System (BMS). From the filed investigation, various potential fire resources were identified. The satellite pictures and road views were helpful in measuring and recognizing conditions underneath bridges, stowage areas, etc.RESULTS : There are various potential fire resources underneath bridges such as piled agricultural products, parked petroleum tanks, construction equipment, and attached high-voltage cables. A total of 94.6% of bridges have underneath clearances of less than 15 m. A bridge underneath volume that can stow a potential fire hazard resource was 7,332 m3 on average, and most bridges have about 4,000 m3 of space. Based on the BMS data, the amounts of PSC and steel girders were 29% and 25%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS : It was found that the amount of stowed potential fire hazard resources was proportional to the underneath space of bridges. Most bridges have less than 15 m of vertical clearance that can be considered as a critical value for a bridge fire. The fire risk investigation results should be helpful for developing bridge fire-protection tools.

PURPOSES: In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model for airport concrete pavement was developed using the commercial program ABAQUS. Users can select an analysis method and set the range of input parameters to reflect actual conditions such as environmental loading.METHODS : The geometrical shape of the FEA model was chosen by considering the concrete pavement located in the third-stage construction site of Incheon International Airport. Incompatible eight-node elements were used for the FEA model. Laboratory test results for the concrete specimens fabricated at the construction site were used as material properties of the concrete slab. The material properties of the cement-treated base suggested by the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) manual were used as those of the lean concrete subbase. In addition, preceding studies and pavement evaluation reports of Incheon International Airport were referred for the material properties of asphalt base and subgrade. The kinetic friction coefficient between the concrete slab and asphalt base acquired from a preceding study was used for the friction coefficient between the layers. A nonlinear temperature gradient according to slab depth was used as an input parameter of environmental loading, and a quasistatic method was used to analyze traffic loading. The average load transfer efficiency obtained from an Heavy falling Weight Deflectomete(HWD) test was converted to a spring constant between adjacent slabs to be used as an input parameter. The reliability of the FEA model developed in this study was verified by comparing its analysis results to those of the FEAFAA model.RESULTS : A series of analyses were performed for environmental loading, traffic loading, and combined loading by using both the model developed in this study and the FEAFAA model under the same conditions. The stresses of the concrete slab obtained by both analysis models were almost the same. An HWD test was simulated and analyzed using the FEA model developed in this study. As a result, the actual deflections at the center, mid-edge, and corner of the slab caused by the HWD loading were similar to those obtained by the analysis.CONCLUSIONS : The FEA model developed in this study was judged to be utilized sufficiently in the prediction of behavior of airport concrete pavement.

Companies must capture value for sustainable growth. Capturing value is a critical task for companies, particularly when operating own businesses and organizations or starting new business. The business strategy of many companies focuses on capturing the maximum value from customers and other stakeholders. Even though a wide range of studies on value creation and appropriation has been conducted in the strategic management field, most of studies are still conceptual and theoretical. Thus more empirical studies are required to suggest future-oriented value strategy. This study reveals the value creation and appropriation elements in the aviation industry of Korea. The purpose of this study is to understand the trend of value creation and appropriation in the industry. In addition, the relationship between the elements and firm’s performance are tested. The firm’s performance is defined by that past and future point of views. The sample were collected from Korean Air and Asiana Air. The empirical test shows that the elements of value creation-appropriation have significant impact on firm’s performance. Further, the element of value appropriation to customer has a positive impact both on firm’s past and future performance. Our results show that investors acknowledge a value-based strategy as a sign of stock valuation. The results of this test correspond with the earlier one, showing that maximizing customers value rather than shareholder value does deliver impressive returns. The finding suggest that companies need to change their strategy to efficiently manage performance. With the test results, we propose a value-based strategy to maximize firm’s future financial and stock performance.

A strain-gradient crystal plasticity finite element method(SGCP-FEM) was utilized to simulate the compressive deformation behaviors of single-slip, (111)[101], oriented FCC single-crystal micro-pillars with two different slip-plane inclination angles, 36.3o and 48.7o, and the simulation results were compared with those from conventional crystal plasticity finite element method(CP-FEM) simulations. For the low slip-plane inclination angle, a macroscopic diagonal shear band formed along the primary slip direction in both the CP- and SGCP-FEM simulations. However, this shear deformation was limited in the SGCP-FEM, mainly due to the increased slip resistance caused by local strain gradients, which also resulted in strain hardening in the simulated flow curves. The development of a secondly active slip system was altered in the SGCP-FEM, compared to the CP-FEM, for the low slip-plane inclination angle. The shear deformation controlled by the SGCP-FEM reduced the overall crystal rotation of the micro-pillar and limited the evolution of the primary slip system, even at 10% compression.

목적 : 본 연구는 입원 및 외래 조현병 환자의 삶의 질 관련 요소들을 종합적으로 분석하여 국내 작업치료 분야에서 조현병 환자들에게 제공할 수 있는 서비스에 대한 근거를 마련하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상자는 조현병 진단을 받은 환자 68명 이었고 그 중 입원 환자가 31명, 외래 환자가 31명 이었다. 1:1 면담을 통해 삶의 질, 인구사회학적 요소, 정신병리적 요소, 심리적 요소, 환경적 요소 등을 평가하였고, 수집된 변수들이 삶의 질에 어느 정도의 영향력이 있는지 분석하였다. 결과 : 전체 조현병 환자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요소들은 최종 학력, 직업 유무, 사회적지지, 증상과 기능이었다. 최종 학력이 높고, 직업이 있으며, 사회적 지지가 높을 경우 삶의 질이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 반대로 증상이 심하고 기능이 떨어질수록 삶의 질이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 입원 환자의 경우 증상과 기능, 사회적 지지가 영향력이 컸고, 지역사회에 거주하는 외래 환자들의 경우 최종 학력과 자아 존중감, 사회적 지지가 큰 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구는 조현병 환자에 대한 치료에서의 중요한 목표로 여겨지고 있는 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 종합적으로 분석한 것에 의의가 있다. 또한 앞으로 정신재활 분야에서의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 작업치료 서비스의 근거를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.