과피와 과육의 다양한 색은 복숭아 분류에 가장 널리 사용되는 상업적 기준 중 하나이다. 새로운 적색 과육 품종을 육성하기 위해서는 많은 교배 조합과 세대가 진전되어야 한다. 따라서 육종 효율을 높이기 위해서는 목적 형질을 가진 개체에 적용할 조기 선발 분자표지를 개발할 필요가 있다. 과육색이 다르게 발현되는 복숭아 품종의 유전자 발현을 비교하기 위해 2개의 cDNA library를 제작하였다. 적색 과육 품종인 ‘조생혈도’와 백색 과육 품종인 ‘미백도’의 유전자 발현 차이를 보기 위해 차세대 염기서열 분석(NGS) 기술을 사용하였고, 두 품종으로부터 얻은 EST의 염기서열을 결정하고 기존에 보고된 유전자와의 상동성을 분석하였다. ‘조생혈도’와 ‘미백도’의 EST database로부터 72쌍의 SNP 분자표지를 선발하였고, 적색 과육 품종 8개와 백색 과육 품종 24개를 구분할 수 있는 SNP 분자표지를 HRM 방법으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 복숭아 EST database를 기반으로 HRM 분석 방법을 이용하여 복숭아 품종의 적육계와 백육계를 구분할 수 있는 효율적인 SNP 분자표지를 개발하였다. 이러한 SNP 분자표지는 복숭아 육종에 유용하게 사용할 수 있으며, 복숭아 품종의 다양한 색 변화에 관한 분자 기작 연구에 좋은 참고자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 주요 배유전자원 43 accession을 대상으로 육종소재로 활용할 수 있는 배 유전자원 선발과 종내 또는 종간 5개 교배 집단 609 seedling에서 배 검은별무늬병 저항성 발현을 확인하고자 수행하였다. P. pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri, P. ussuriensis는 검은별무늬병 병든 과실률이 각각 59.5, 73.4, 63.0%, P. pyrifolia와 P. bretschneideri 종간 교잡으로 얻어진 품종은 77.7%로 병든 과실률이 비교적 높았으나 P. communis, P. pyrifolia × P. communis 종간교잡에 속하는 품종들은 15% 미만의 병든 과실률을 보였다. 검은별무늬병에 대한 저항성을 종별로 구분하여 Duncan 검정한 결과, P. bretschneideri, P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis, pyrifolia × P. bretschneideri 종이 P. communis, P. pyrifolia × P. communis 두 개 종 그룹보다 검은별무늬병 병든 과실률이 유의하게 높았고 이러한 경향은 교배집단에서도 동일하였다. P. pyrifolia 종내 교배집단은 80% 이상의 검은별무늬병 감염률을 보인 반면, P. pyrifolia × P. communis의 종간교배 집단은 2% 수준의 낮은 배 검은별무늬병 감염률을 보였다. P. pyrifolia 와 P. communis를 종간교배 하면 서양배의 저항성 인자가 우성으로 작용하여 그 후대에서 배 검은별무늬병에 강한 개체들이 대부분 얻어지기 때문에 P. communis는 배 검은별무늬병저항성 품종 육종소재로 적합하다.

This study was carried out to build a database system for amylose and protein contents of rice germplasm based on NIRS (Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) analysis data. The average waxy type amylose contents was 8.7% in landrace, variety and weed type, whereas 10.3% in breeding line. In common rice, the average amylose contents was 22.3% for landrace, 22.7% for variety, 23.6% for weed type and 24.2% for breeding line. Waxy type resources comprised of 5% of the total germplasm collections, whereas low, intermediate and high amylose content resources share 5.5%, 20.5% and 69.0% of total germplasm collections, respectively. The average percent of protein contents was 8.2 for landrace, 8.0 for variety, and 7.9 for weed type and breeding line. The average Variability Index Value was 0.62 in waxy rice, 0.80 in common rice, and 0.51 in protein contents. The accession ratio in arbitrary ranges of landrace was 0.45 in amylose contents ranging from 6.4 to 8.7%, and 0.26 in protein ranging from 7.3 to 8.2%. In the variety, it was 0.32 in amylose ranging from 20.1 to 22.7%, and 0.51 in protein ranging from 6.1 to 8.3%. And also, weed type was 0.67 in amylose ranging from 6.6 to 9.7%, and 0.33 in protein ranging from 7.0 to 7.9%, whereas, in breeding line it was 0.47 in amylose ranging from 10.0 to 12.0%, and 0.26 in protein ranging from 7.0 to 7.9%. These results could be helpful to build database programming system for germplasm management.

본 연구에서는 주 단위 지하수자원 관리 취약시기 평가 방법을 개발하였다. 강수의 지하수위에 대한 영향을 고려하기 위하여 한계 침투량을 고려한 강우이동평균 방법을 통해 지하수위와의 상관계수를 산정하였다. 취약 시기 평가 기준을 개발하고 평가 기준에 대한 가중치를 엔트로피 방법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 강수와의 상관계수와 산정된 가중치를 이용한 주 단위 지하수자원 관리 취약시기 평가 방법을 개발하였으며, 개발한 방법을 통하여 소규모 행정구역을 대상으로 취약시기를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 방법은 지역적일뿐만 아니라 계절적인 지하수자원의 효율적 관리 대책 수립의 근거가 될 수 있을 것이다.

Background: Various Schisandra chinensis (SC) varieties grow in diverse regions in Korea. However, there is no valid scientific evidence of these varieties. This study aimed to select the excellent resources in terms of the growth characteristics, antioxidant activities, and analysis of the active compounds of the SC collection. Method and Results: In total, 154 resources of SC were collected from various regions of Korea. The growth characteristics were measured by the number of fruit bunches, fruit number, and weight of 100 fruits. The antioxidant activities were investigated by analyzing the total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents and the radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS. Schizandrin A, schizandrin c, gomisin a, and gomisin N were analyzed by HPLC. Each resource showed different growth characteristics. Among the antioxidative effects, the highest 20 resources showed high antioxidant activities in selected 29 resources. Analysis of the SC lignan index showed that all resources contained more than 1.16% of active compounds. Conclusions: All of the selected 29 SC resources were shown to have excellent growth characteristics, antioxidant activities, and bioactive compound richness. Especially, SC-004, SC-007, and SC-154 showed the best growth characteristics, and SC-22, SC-40, and SC-45 showed the best antioxidant activities and bioactive compound richness.

단테는 엘리엇 전 생애를 통하여 문학과 신앙에서 고갈되지 않는 자원이었다. 단테는 『신곡』의 주제를 출이집트 사건으로 보고, 순례자 단 테가 지옥과 연옥을 거쳐 천국에 오르는 구원의 여정을 펼쳐 보여 주었 다. 이 글 전반부에서 엘리엇의 대표적인 세 편의 시들을 단테의 구조에 넣고 비평하고자 한다. 즉 『황무지』- 지옥편 , 『재의 수요일』- 연옥 편 , 『네 사중주』- 천국편의 연결이다. 그러나 엘리엇이 각각의 시를 쓸 때, 단테의 구도를 의도하지는 않았을 것이다. 엘리엇 시 전체의 역 사를 되돌아볼 때, 그러한 자리매김이 가능한 것이라고 생각된다. 이 글 의 후반부에서는 단테의 초기 소품 『새로운 인생』과 대작 『신곡』에서 엘리엇이 어떤 자원을 캐내어 자신의 시론이나 기법을 확립하는데 도움을 받았는지 알아보고자 한다. 마지막으로 천국편 33편에서 단테가 기독교 교리(삼위일체, 성육신)를 어떻게 시적으로 표현하였나 살펴 보 고, 엘리엇 시에서 중요한 주제 장미정원의 비전이 성육신의 교리와 어떻게 관련되어 있음을 논할 것이다.

본 연구에서는 주 단위 지하수자원 관리 취약시기 평가 방법을 개발하였다. 강수의 지하수위에 대한 영향을 고려하기 위하여 한계 침투량을 고려한 강우이동평균 방법을 통해 지하수위와의 상관계수를 산정하였다. 취약 시기 평가 기준을 개발하고 평가 기준에 대한 가중치를 엔트로피 방법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 강수와의 상관계수와 산정된 가중치를 이용한 주 단위 지하수자원 관리 취약시기 평가 방법을 개발하였으며, 개발한 방법을 통하여 소규모 행정구역을 대상으로 취약시기를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 방법은 지역적일뿐만 아니라 계절적인 지하수자원의 효율적 관리 대책 수립의 근거가 될 수 있을 것이다.

기후변화로 인한 수자원 전망은 배출 시나리오, 전지구적 순환모형, 상세화 기법, 수문 모형 등 여러 전망 단계를 거쳐 이루어지며, 각 단계는 수자 원 전망의 총 불확실성의 원천이 된다. 몇몇 연구를 통해 개별 전망 단계의 총 불확실성에 대한 상대적인 기여를 계량화하는 방법이 제안되었으며며, 이러한 분석을 불확실성 분해라고 한다. 불확실성 분해 분석은 큰 불확실성을 발생시키는 단계를 진단하고, 이를 반영한 불확실성 저감 계획을 수립할 수 있게 한다. 전망 단계 간의 교호작용은 불확실성 분해 시 고려되어야 하는 중요한 문제 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 교호작용 효과로 인한 불 확실성을 계량화하고 이를 불확실성 분해에 반영하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 전망 단계별 불확실성을 주효과와 교호작용 효과를 모두 고려하여 계량화함과 동시에 총 불확실성에서 개별 전망 단계가 차지하는 상대적인 비중을 제시할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 제안한 방법을 충 주댐 유량 전망의 불확실성 분석에 적용하였다. 충주댐 유역의 불확실성 분석 결과 여름과 겨울 두 계절 모두에서 교호작용 효과의 불확실성은 주 효과의 불확실성에 비해 그 크기가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 교호작용 효과를 고려하여 불확실성을 분해한 결과 배출 시나리오, 전지구적 순환모형, 상세화 기법, 수문 모형의 네 단계 중 여름철은 전지구적 순환모형의 불확실성이, 겨울철은 상세화 기법의 불확실성이 가장 큰 것으로 분석되었다.

A statistical analysis for 3651 genetic resources collected from China (1,542), Japan (1,409), Korea (413), and India (287) was conducted using normal distribution, variability index value (VIV), analysis of variation (ANOVA) and Ducan’s multiple range test (DMRT) based on a data obtained from NIRS analysis. In normal distribution, the average protein content was 8.0%, whereas waxy type amylose and common rice amylose were found to be 8.7% and 22.7%, respectively. The protein contents ranged from 5.4 to 10.6% at the level of 95%. The waxy amylose and common rice amylose ranged from 5.9 to 11.5%, and from 16.9 to 28.5% at 95% confidence level, respectively. The VIV was 0.59 for protein, 0.64 for low amylose, and 0.81 for high amylose contents. The average amylose contents were 18.85% in Japanese, 19.99% in Korean, 20.27% in Chinese, and 25.46% in Indian resources, while the average protein contents were found to be 7.23% in Korean, 7.73% in Japanese, 8.01% in Chinese, and 8.17% in Indian resources. The ANOVA of amylose and protein content showed significant differences at the level of 0.01. The F-test for amylose content was 158.34, and for protein content 53.95 compared to critical value 3.78. The DMRT of amylose and protein content showed significant difference (p<0.01) between resources of different countries. Japanese resources had the lowest level of amylose contents, whereas, the lowest level of protein content was found in Korean resources compared to other origins. Indian resources showed the highest level of amylose and protein contents. It is recommended these results should be helpful to future breeding experiments.

In Korea, common and Tartary buckwheat are cultivated mainly in spring and fall, however the available buckwheat varieties are still very limited. In this study, we have evaluated buckwheat germplasm for agronomic traits and compared flavonoids contents in different cultivation period and collection area. In common buckwheat, the number of days from sowing to flowering was 40 and 31 days and from sowing to maturity took 90 and 69 days in spring and fall cultivation, respectively. The number of nodes and branches were higher in spring cultivation while the hundred seed weight was higher in fall cultivation. The average flavonoids contents in common buckwheat were 0.20 ㎎/g dry weight (DW) and 0.40 ㎎/g DW in spring and fall cultivation, respectively. The highest flavonoids content was detected in Jeonnam accessions with 0.29 ㎎/g DW and 0.43 ㎎/g DW during spring and fall cultivation, respectively. The flavonoids contents were varied from 1.5 to 2.5 times according to the collection area. These results suggest that the agronomic traits and flavonoids contents were vary depending on the cultivation environment and germplasm collection area. Therefore, it is necessary to select the material by considering the characteristics of the germplasm for breeding of new varieties.

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a species of the Brassicaceae family and an important root vegetable crop, produced worldwide. A total of 82 radish accessions with various morphological and physiological characteristics analyzed for total sugars content. These accessions includes five subspecies and classified as wild, wild-relative, traditional and improved cultivar. The four sugars, glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose, showed various contents in 82 accessions. Total sugar content ranged from 5.64 to 46.68 ㎎/g and showed average 25.33 ㎎/g. Total sugar content was not statistically significant among the five subspecies, but individual sugar ratio varied. The wild, wild-relatives and traditional cultivars were not significantly among average total sugars content compared with improved cultivars. On the other hand, the wild and traditional cultivars were showed high ratio of individual sugars. These results could be valuable information for the development of new radish cultivars and regulation of sugars biosynthesis in radish.

Background : The purpose of this study is to select potential genetic resources from safflower germplasm collected from India based on their oil compositions and agronomic characteristics. Methods and Results : The agronomic characteristics were measured during the growing period of the safflower. Total oil contents were recovered by Soxhlet extraction and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by using gas chromatography. The mean of plant height, leaf length and leaf width were 100.19 ㎝, 20.49 ㎝, and 7.29 ㎝, respectively. The percentage of leaf margin with serration was 95%, and 2% of the total resources didn’t have spines on the involucral bract. K185681 had no spines on the involucral bract and the plant height was the smallest. 73% of the flower of safflower was yellow. 68% of safflower germplasm changed flower color from yellow to red. Total oil contents of 267 safflower accessions showed a significant variability among the entire domain of collections and ranged from 5.81 to 38.91%. Palmitic and stearic acid were ranged from 4.98 to 6.65%, and 1.82 to 2.73%, respectively. Oleic and linoleic acid showed a wide variation which ranged from 10.53 to 22.27%, and 69.46 to 81.26%, respectively. Linolenic acid was ranged from 0.06 to 0.13%. K185639 and K185639 had the highest total oil contents and linoleic acid, respectively. Cluster analysis based on oil composition and agronomic characteristics data divided the germplasm collections into three groups. Group Ⅲ having 114 accessions contained accessions with taller plant height than the other groups. Group Ⅱ having 68 accessions, the main color of flower was white but the other groups were yellow. Oleic acid showed a strong negative correlation (r = -0.9691**) with linoleic acid. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the oil compositions and agronomic characteristics data revealed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) together explained 36.28% total variation. Conclusion : These results showed that K185681, K185639 and K185639 could be useful to develop breeding and functional food.

Background : To select potential plant resources as natural antioxidants and functional materials, e valuation of N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) in 43 safflower accessions collected from South Asia was conducted. Method and Results : CS and FS were analyzed by using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities were estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP). The mean CS content was 32.74 ㎎/g dried extract (DE) with a range from 3.44 to 83.30 ㎎/g DE, and the FS content ranged from 1.43 to 34.53 ㎎/g·DE with a mean of 12.69 ㎎/g DE. The mean of TPC of 43 safflower accessions was 55.22 ㎍ GAE/㎎·DE. The average values of antioxidant activities based on DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and RP assay showed 48.77 ㎍ ASC eq/㎎ DE, 97.62 ㎍ ASC eq/㎎ DE, 70.22 ㎍ ASC eq/㎎ DE, and 50.01 ㎍ ASC eq/㎎ DE, respectively. The 43 safflower accessions were classified into two groups based on the complete linkage cluster analysis using their CS, FS, TPC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and RP. Group Ⅱ showed higher CS, FS and antioxidant activity than Group Ⅰ (p < 0.05). K185245 and K185247 were included in Group Ⅱ, K185245 had the highest CS and FS, and K185247 was the highest in TPC, DPPH, and ABTS. CS had significant positive correlation with FS (r = 0.849**). Significantly high correlation coefficients were recorded between TPC and antioxidant assays including DPPH, ABTS, and RP. The first two principal components had accounted for the 80.46 % of the total variance. Conclusion : These results showed that K185245 and K185247 could be used as a source of valuable natural antioxidant materials and could be useful to develop new functional materials.

Background : Carotenoids are pigments that are found in plants, fruits, bacteria, and fungi. β -carotene and canthaxanthin are orange pigments among thousands of carotenoids that possess potent antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to determine β-carotene and cantaxanthin in 55 Kimchi cabbage germplasm using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. Method and Results : 55 Kimchi cabbage accessions were sown in plug trays in the end of August, 2016. All the tissue samples were freeze-dried for 1 week and ground into fine powder and stored at -20℃ until analysis. Crude carotenoids from freeze-dried materials (100 mg) were extracted using 1 ㎖ of 100% (v/v) hexane in 10 minutes by using sonication bath followed by centrifugation. The average β-carotene contents was 1.43 ㎎·㎏-1 and ranged from 0.76 (IT 120045) to 2.25 ㎎·㎏-1 (IT 100378). The average canthaxanthin content in the entire domain of sample was 0.59 ㎎·㎏-1 with a range between 0.36 (IT 32746) and 1.08 ㎎․㎏-1 (IT 100386). Canthaxanthin content was significantly positively correlated with β-carotene (r = 0.65**) and leaf length (r = 0.63**). However, canthaxanthin was negatively correlated with cotyledon color (r = -0.41**). Principal component analysis results of the first two components (PC1 and PC2) explained 44.53% of the point variability. Conclusion : The resources with the highest β-carotene and canthaxanthin content are IT 100378, 100386, 100391, and 110828. This study could be useful to select a potential sources of health beneficial carotenoids (β-carotene and canthaxanthin) in Kimchi cabbage germplasm in nutraceutical formulations and for further applications as a breeding material and other research activities.

Background : Angelica dahurica, Ligusticum sinense and Ledebouriella seseloides are cultivated in small areas in Korea. Domestic cultivation area is around 10 ha, and cultivated varieties have not been developed yet. Therefore, the quality of the product is not uniform, and industrialization is difficult. Lately, studies on the development of varieties have been carried out using domestic collecting germplasm. Methods and Results : Germplasm was collected in Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeollanam-do and Jeju-do and sowed in pots in March 2017. Angelica dahurica was used the collected in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Ligusticum sinense was used the collected in Gangwon-do and Gyeongbuk-do and Ledebouriella seseloides was used the collected Jeju-do. In May of 2017, those were planted and the stem and leaf characteristics were compared and analyzed 1-year. It was bloomed in the second years of 2018, and stem, leaf and flowering characteristics were compared and analyzed. In the first year of growth characteristics, Angelica dahurica showed lower leaf and stem growth in Jeollanam-do collected germplasm. However, there was no statistical significance. Growth characteristics of Ligusticum sinense were higher in Gangwon-do collection than in Gyeongsangbuk-do, but there was no statistical significance. Ledebouriella seseloides was no significant difference between the groups in Jeju-do. In the second years, individual selection were carried out for popullation improvement. The Angelica dahurica showed green and purple stalks and the collected germplasm of Jeollanam-do showed relatively low growth. Ligusticum sinense and Ledebouriella seseloides were no significant differences in growth and color between stem and leaf, stem and stem Conclusion : All three crops were cross pollination, and collected open pollination. Therefore, there were many segregation by germplasm and genetic variation was large. Furthermore, it is considered that statistical significance does not appear. If genetic uniformity is increased through continuous selection and population improvement, it will be possible to cultivate varieties using germplasm. Genetic variation will be a good source of genetic resources.

Background : Licorice has been a medicinal crop which was mainly used as a traditional medicine and food, depends on most imports (99%) in Korea. We have been trying to produce licorice in Korea for a long time. However when it grow in Korea the main ingredients are below the standard value and occur of physiological disorder. Therefore, we evaluated the growth characteristics and major components of genetic resources to develop licorice varieties suitable for the domestic environment. Methods and Results : We collected 19 accession of licorice from 7 regions including China, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, and Russia from 2013 to 2014. After regenerating the resources of licorice in the field we identified and classified the species. Among them, 13 lines of 2 species (G. uralensis Fisch, G. glabra L.) were selected from 2015 to 2016. We evaluated the aerial parts, underground parts, yield and glycyrrhizin content of 13 line of licorice grown one year. Plant length and stem diameter of GLY2014 - 002 was high and thick on the aerial parts. GLY2013 - 005 had many pods. GLY2014-006 had many adventitious roots like taproot (3 ea/plant) and high of root weight (170 g/plant), GLY2013 - 005, GLY2014 - 006 had high glycyrrhizin content (2.1%) in the underground parts. Conclusion : As a result of growth characteristics and glycyrrhizin analysis, GLY2013 - 002, GLY2013 - 005, GLY2013 - 007, GLY2014 - 002, GLY2014 - 006, and GLY2014 - 007 were evaluated as good resources. Therefore of six lines will be used to test productivity and conduct regional testing for developing licorice variety.

Background : Sclerotinia rot, caused by a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the serious and unpredictable yield losses in perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf production in Korea. Screening disease resistant genetic resources is necessary to develop disease-resistant cultivars and conduct related research. Methods and Results : A Total of 150 perilla accessions, including 123 Korean landraces and 27 cultivars developed in Korea, were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) using detached leaf inoculation technique. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolate KACC40457 was inoculated at the seedling stage (five to six leaves). For detached leaf method, a mycelial plug was placed fungus-side down on the main leaf vain and incubated at 22 ± 1℃ on moistened paper towel in a plastic box. Three Korean landraces, including IT117036, IT117106, and IT117110, and cultivar IT229431 showed 100% of resistance ratio (no. of plants showed below 1 ㎝ of lesion size/total evaluated plants × 100). Seven accessions including five landraces, IT117080, IT117107, IT117048, 117042, 117029, and two cultivaers, IT276225 and IT213781, showed high level of resistance that is higher than 80% of resistance ratio Conclusion : 11 accessions which showed strong and moderate level of resistance to Sclerotinia rot could be possibly used by breeders, farmers, and researchers to produce new disease resistant cultivars and use them commercially. However, research related to the exploration of appropriate materials (accessions) for breeding cultivars with good quality, high functional components, high consumer acceptability, etc. should be continued, considering pathogenicity test was conducted in young stage.

Background : Recently, there is an urgent demand for development of new varieties with enhanced resistance to various biotic/abiotic stresses. One generation of ginseng is four years, so it takes a long time to breed. To increase the efficiency of the ginseng breeding and save time and effort, it is necessary to build a ginseng core collection. This study examined the major growth characteristics of genetic sources for the establishment of core collection. Methods and Results : As plant materials, 187 ginseng lines collected in 2003 were used in this study. Ginseng Seeds were harvested at the end of July 2014, sown in mid-November, and cultivated in 2015 for one year in the field and then transplanted into the main field in 2016. All phenotypes including agronomic characteristics, seed yield, and physiological response to biotic/abiotic stresses were investigated according to the ginseng GAP and UPOV guidelines. The stem colors of the collected ginseng germplasm were classified as the five classes; light green, green, light purple, purple and dark purple, but most of them were purple or dark purple. The locations of distribution of anthocyanin coloration in stem were classified into the four classes; proximal end, proximal end and petiole part, the entire stem and the stem with purple not revealed, but most of them were petiole part or the entire stem. The shapes of leaflet were classified the four classes; the long elliptic, elliptic, slender type, and spatulate type. Most of surveyed lines were elliptic type. When the leaflet of ginseng was laterally cut, the shape was classified into the three types; concave type, plane type and convex type. Most of surveyed lines were red berry color. Conclusion : The genetic pool of ginseng is known to be narrow. The results of this study showed similar characteristics among the ginseng fields collected. In the future, we will carry out the survey about quantitative characteristics and correlations of ginseng genetic resources for establishment of Korean ginseng core collection.

Background : The study is investigated the development of high-quality standard variety, character of gene resources, growth and yield production to collecting varieties in Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze containing antioxidant agriculturally. Methods and Results : Character of gene resources investigated collecting 16 varieties (Jeonnam Naju 1, 2, 3 (NJ), Gwangyang 1, 2 (GY), Sooncheon 4 (SC), Boseong 1, 2 (BS), Yeosu (YS), Jangheung (JH), Jindo (JD), Gyeongnam Hamyang (HY), Gyeongbuk Bonghwa (BH), Chungbuk Eumseong (ES), Cheongju (CJ), Gangwon Cheolwon (CW). Method of cultivation were conducted under sowing dates of plant a seedling were April 24. Transplanting with Agastache rugosa O.K. seeds in June 27 by growing pot seedling for 60 days in 2017. Fertilization application were standard application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 12-16-10-600 ㎏․10a−1). N-K applied at 60% of basal fertilizer, 40% of top dressing were two times (N-K) application. Planting density were spaced 30 ㎝ apart in rows 20 ㎝ apart with with non-woven fabric mulching cultivation. Plot design randomized block 3 repetition. Conclusion : Endemic characteristics of gene resources to collecting variety in leaf color (light green), leaf pliable (softness) appeared 8 lineage, leaf color (deep green), the contrary leaf pliable (roughness) showed 8 lineage. Flower color bloomed in light purple 8 lineage flower deep purple color come into 8 lineage. Also, the period of maturity ripened Sept. 27 - 31. on 8 lineage (BS2, GY1, JD, HY etc.). 3 lineage (YS, CJ, CW) attained to maturity on Oct. 14 - 16. Growth of aerial part increased on long length, large width of leaf, heavy dried weight of leaf and weight of seeds 10 lineage SC4, GY1, 2, NJ2, 3, BS1, 2, CJ, ES, BH etc. but short length, small width of leaf, declined in light dried weight of leaf and weight of seeds 2 lineage YS, CW.

Background : Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a perennial plant of the Gramineae, followed by rice, wheat, corn and barley, the fifth major food crop in the world. Sorghum is mostly used in Korea for cereals using seeds or for making food directly. However, sorghum is not directly used for food in foreign countries, but plays an important role in the development of cosmetic and pharmaceutical materials and as a bio-energy crop. Most of the sorghum cultivated in Korea does not use the remainder after harvesting seeds, so research on other uses is needed. Therefore, we carried out this experiment in order to identify the characteristics of domestic genetic resources and to select the genetic resources with excellent growth. Methods and Results : Samples were tested for their growth characteristics by the Agricultural Genetic Resources of National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Growth characteristics of heading, total length, stem length, stem width, leaf length, leaf width, length of ears and width of ears were investigated. After 10 weeks of sowing, 45% of the outbreaks occurred and showed a quick heading. The total length of the sorghum ranged from 65.7 ㎝ to 341.0 ㎝, and the stem width ranged from 0.2 ㎝ to 2.6 ㎝. Leaf length ranged from 33.3 ㎝ to 92.4 ㎝ and leaf width ranged from 3.8 ㎝ to 12.2 ㎝. The length of the ears was in the range of 8.0 ㎝ - 52.7 ㎝, and the width of the ears was in the range of 5.2 ㎝ - 27.0 ㎝. K131301, K178840, K258654 and K255198, which are expected to bear a large number of seeds with high biomass content and large size of leaves and plants, were selected. Conclusion : Through this study, we can understand the growth characteristics of the sorghum in Korea and select excellent genetic resources.