한려해상국립공원의 통영지구와 욕지도에서 현존식생과 식생구조를 파악하기 위하여 1998년 7월에 37개의 조사구를 설치하여 조사하였다. 조사대상지의 식생은 지리적 격리와 인위적 교란에 의해 지역간 식생구조가 상이하였다. 대상지의 식생은 곰솔림, 곰솔 - 소나무와 낙엽활엽수가 경쟁하는 혼효림, 낙엽활엽수림, 곰솔 - 소나무와 상록활엽수가 경쟁하는 혼효림, 상록활엽수림으로 총 5개 그룹으로 대별되었다. 조사대상지 대부분의 현존 식생은 곰솔림으로 이루어졌으며, 상록활엽수림은 추봉도, 용초도, 비진도, 욕지도, 유재도에 작은 면적으로 분포하였다. 통영지구와 욕지도의 식생구조는 소나무, 곰솔, 낙엽활엽수에서 구실잣밤나무 등을 거쳐 참식나무, 후박나무, 생달나무로 식생천이가 예상된다.

뉴헤브리디스 해분은 태평양판과 인도-오스트레일리아판의 경계부에 위치한 고령의 비활동적 비배호상 해분이다. 46 Ma에서 60 Ma 사이에 형성된 뉴헤브리디스 해분은 형성과정상 34 mm/a(42 Ma∼47 Ma)와 17 mm/a(47 Ma∼60 Ma)의 두가지 상이한 확장율을 보이며, 해분의 표층은 0.65 sec두께의 퇴적층으로 전반적으로 고르게 피복되어 있다. 본 연구에서 산출된 해분의 생장 발달 곡선은 Depth(m)=2689+312√Age(Ma)라는 수식으로 표현될 수 있으며, 여기서 냉각계수 312는 일반대양저의 350과 매우 유사함을 보이는 것이 특징이다. 이러한 특징은 해분의 암권의 생장 발달과정이 일반대양저와 유사할 가능성을 강력히 시사하고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 해분의 전반적인 후리-에어 중력 이상치는 -22.3 mgal에서 +59.0 mgal까지 심한 변화폭을 보이고 있다. 평균 중력이상치는 +30.2 mgal로 일반대양저에 비해 현저히 높은 값을 나타내고 있다. 이는 일반적으로 잘 나타나지 않는 매우 특이한 현상이다. 이것은 해분 자체가 섭입하는 판경계에 위치해 있어 marginal swell의 형상을 취하고 있기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 이 swell들은 일반적으로 해구축상에서 대양저를 향해 약 200 km 범위내에서 관찰되어지며, 이들의 후리-에어 중력이상치는 평균 +50∼160mgal을 보이는 것이 일반적이다. 해분의 높은 양의 중력이상은 이러한 지형적인 특수성에 기인하는 것으로 보여진다. 해분의 위치적 특성 및 암권 자체의 구부러짐에 따른 불안정성은 뉴 헤브리디스 해분의 대표적인 지질 지구물리학적 특징이라고 할 수 있다.

주왕산 국립공원의 자연보존지구를 중심으로 분포하고 있는 천연림의 생육현황과 구조를 정확히 파악하고자, 이 지역에 21개의 방형구(20×20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다. Cluster 분석한 결과 두 개의 집단으로 분류되었다. 수종간의 상관관계는 서어나무와 물푸레나무, 졸참나무와 굴참나무, 생강나무와 국수나무 등의 수종들 간에는 비교적 높은 정의 상관관계를, 고로쇠나무와 쇠물푸레, 당단풍과 굴참나무 둥의 수종들 간에는 높은 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 1.1306~l.2688로 비교적 높게 나타났다.

The Purpose of this study was to establish the belter residential environment in Apt. complex. In this study, the management consciousness of exterior space and the degree of satisfaction were investigated and analyzed on the GI-SAN Apt. complex in Taegu city. The data were obtained through the questionnaire survey about the exterior space of Apt. complex and analyzed by the SPSS/PC. The results of this analysis are as follow; The result of the image analysis were the cleanness factor and the arrangement factor, which have great influenced in residents image of exterior space. The dissatisfaction source of the management conditions were owing to the lake of management techniques and the discord of residents. The subject of management in the residents consciousness was the management office. In additionally, the management form by the residents were highly showed the cleaning and weeding. The main issues of their dissatisfaction about the exterior space was the lake of size, quantity of plants and rest space. The place of the most demand on management was investigated the children playground which was regarded to be the most damaged.

덕유산 국립공원의 고산지대 (해발 1,350m이상)를 대상으로 삼림식생의 실태와 삼림군집 구조를 정확히 파악하고자, 자연보존지구에 29개의 방형구(20×20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다. Cluster 분석한 결과 네 개의 집단으로 분류되었다. 수종간의 상관관계는 신갈나무와 들메나무, 들메나무와 노린재나무 및 싸리, 시닥나무와 주목, 함박꽃나무와 작살나무, 주목과 구상나무 등의 수종들 간에는 비교적 높은 정의 상관관계를, 신갈나무와 시닥나무, 주목 및 괴불나무 등의 수종들 간에는 높은 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 0.9969~l.2217로 비교적 높게 나타났다.

Tertiary volcanic activity in the Fildes Peninsula can be divided into three stages (I, II, III) of magmatism. Evolutionary process of each stage was examined from the geochemical characteristics. For stage I, olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene of low Fe/Mg ratio as well as Ca-plagioclase begin to crystallize and fractionate. Stage II magma, which is more differentiated than stage I magma, shows the fractionation of Ca-plagioclase and olivine and orthopyroxene of high Fe/Mg ratio. Stage III magma, which is slightly more differentiated than stage I magma but less than stage II magma, intruded into the area when stage II magmatism was weakened. The volcanic rocks on the Fildes Peninsula show, as a whole, tholeiitic natures. From the previous studies on Sr isotopic ratio, the origin of the volcanic magma in the area was assumed to be upper mantle. Accordingly, the volcanic rocks in the area were originated from tholeiitic magma which generated by the partial melting of upper mantle under island-arc environment.

This paper was made for the purpose of research for direction on earth science subject matter of high school in Korea. For this purpose, we 1) reviewed the essence of science and goals and contents of science education, 2) reviewed the change of education of earth science subject matter, 3) investigated earth science teacher's opinion by questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. Earth science subject matter must provide to students scientific process and knowledge - Process : to promote student's concerns for an interest in nature surrounding them, to help students develop and method in solving problems and its application for problem solving, recognition of variables of scientific method, to promote fundamental experiment and skills for scientific inquiry, etc. - Knowledge : provide systematic knowledge than simple rote, to help students understand concepts of recent scientific knowledge, contains STS, etc. 2. Earth science education must consider educational philosophy and educational psychology education of scientific literacy, partial professional education, conformity of development stage, sequence between school levels, attitudes to adaptation of scientific knowledge, method, skills and problem solving toward future positive attitudes to science, moral sense of science, minimum essense and difference of lines, open of upper limit, understanding the specific character of earth science, scientific knowledge development continuously, relationships of other subject matter, etc.

The purpose of the study is to provide meaningful suggestions according to the theoretical backgrounds and the scholastic characteristics and the present status of earth science education as a field of subject lesson education. Based on the results presented, the following are the conclusions and suggestions of this study. 1. Based on the scholastic characteristics, earth science plays a role as a subject content education, and earth science education functions a leading part as a subject lesson education. Accordingly, this might be an essential field for training earth science teacher with education. 2. It is thought that the educational goals of the department of earthscience education might be trained to be in an earth science educator rather than earth scientist or natural scientist. 3. It is thought that the solid background to the subject contents is essential for becoming earth science teacher. For the reason, the curriculum for training earth science teachers needs to be reformed to what extent like the criterion of the department of natural science. If it is really in a difficult matter, it might be effective for training earth science teacher to take the course work of science content related in the department of natural science under the equal circumstances. 4. It is considered that the curriculum of the department of earth science education might be organized according to the integrated subject lesson education rather than separate subject content education. 5. It is thought that the suggestions presented above will be accepted as the real worth of teacher training school and its pursuing goals are recognized as it is.

We investigate the forms, the inquiry levels and the objective types in the inquiry activities of the Earth Science text book (Science I HA) that was reorganized at March, 1988 from the eight publishers, according to the reference of Schwab's(1966) inquiry level of experiment and the Klopfer's (1971) classification of objectives of science education. Ninty seven percents of the experiments belong to the 1st level of the Schwab' s(1966) inquiry level and there are no activities of the 3rd level. On the basis of Klopfer's classification, ninty eight percents of the inquiry objectives are included in the only four kinds (A.O, B.O, D.O, G.O) of the nine objectives, and the rest (C.O, E.O, F.O, H.O, I. O) of the important objectives that are indispensable to the inquiry process seems to be exclusive. Conclusively speaking, the inquiry ability of the students may not be cultivated by the experiments in present text-book.

In recent years, there has been a great change in the earth science. Introducing new theories such as sea floor spreading and plate tectonics theories, sophisticated geological phenomena including continental drift, earthquakes and volcanic activities can be scientificaly explained. According to the great change of the concept of earth tectonics, earth science curriculum of domestic and foreign secondary school are now adapting this new concept such as new global tectonics. The aim of this study is to improve curriculum and develope a new efficient teaching-learning method by analyzing the contents of the chapter connected with plate tectonics in the elementary, middle and high school curriculum. For this purpose, American ESCP, CEEP and Korean earth science textbooks were analyzed in terms of general concept, system and construction. As the results, newly setting up the plate tectonics chapter include the contents of the concept of the plate, plate movement and historical back ground of the new global tectonics.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the type of student's misconceptions on earth science concepts and its sources in grades 7 to 9. The test questionnaire was develpoed to investigate their misconceptions to the selected students. The following conclusions were drawn. 1) The sellected students had the various types of misconceptions on earth science concepts. 2) There were no grade differences in the patterns of the misconceptions. 3) The sources of student's misconceptions were resulted from the poor development of cognitive structures, the influences of environments, the error of information processing. 4) The misconceptions were not changed and corrected easily.