Although the educational facility are an important considerations on a social equity standpoint, educational environment in rural areas has been continuously deteriorated by numerous social problems such as decreasing birth rate and increasing of local school closing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accessibility of educational environment in rural areas on village level. First, we evaluate physical accessibility based on legally defined commuting distance. Second, the implication of village population of potential accessibility is analyzed. Lastly, the facility centrality index of each village is estimated for assessing the relations of educational accessibility. The main results of this study are as follows; (1) The accessibility of most villages in Pyeongchang-gun is vulnerable that 81.10% for elementary school, 73.17% for middle school, and 82.32% for high school, respectively; (2) The average commuting distance per student considering estimated number of students for each educational facilities indicated 2.75km for elementary school, 4.37km for middle school, and 5.79km for high school; (3) the facility centrality index is highly correlated to educational facilities but not to village population.

This study aims to contemplate the archetypal landscape of a scenic site, Suseungdae area in Hwangsan-maeul village, Geochang-gun by reference research and field surveys and drew the results as follows. First, Since Seong Yundong(成允仝; 1450-1540) embarked on operating the Suseungdae in Eonari(魚川) in 16th century, Shin Gwon(愼權, 1501-1573) and Im Hun(林薰, 1500-1584) took a major role of establishing the archetypal landscape of the area. Henceforth, numerous scholars had kept exploring the scenery and completing the archetypal landscape of the area until the 19th century. Second, the locations of 50 archetypal landscape elements, including 「Guyeon-dong sipgugyeong(龜淵洞十九景)」 which are dispersed along the Wicheon, has been identified. On the base of this, the archetypal landscape of Suseungdae area is figured out as the ‘Guyeon-dong(龜淵洞)’ area coming down from ‘Cheoksuam(滌愁巖)’ to ‘Byeoram(鼈巖)’. Third, many archetypal landscape elements are from the locations along the river. Among them, the ones named with rock: Am(巖) and Seok(石), which are shapes of turtles or terrapins, take the high rate and so do the ones named with ‘Dam(潭)’, which are waterscape. Fourth, among the cultural landscape elements, there are many garden structures such as Nujeong(樓亭) and Seowon(書院), which are located at the spots of viewing the landscape and the structures like banks, bridges and dams are also included. Furthermore, the letters engraved on the rocks are mainly about the landscape elements and are sometimes about the records of building and operating the landscapes by the people who were appreciating the arts and nature. Based on the range and characteristics of the archetypal landscape in Suseungdae area from this study, it is needed to take follow-up studies on the guidelines for efficient management by means of classifying the detailed fields so that there are no negative factors conflicting with the adjacent land use.

Purpose - This study aims to examine the correlations between relationship benefits, quality, and continuity intention of community services. It further investigates the mediation effect of relationship quality operating on the association between relationship benefits and relationship continuity intention. Thus, this study will aim to elucidate the correlations between relationship benefits, quality and community services intention. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve these objectives, this study executed a questionnaire from the users of the child․adolescent psychological support service which represents part of community services. The research framework that was utilized in this study was of three main factors. They were relationship quality, relationship benefits, and intention of relationship continuity. In relationship quality, factors such as trust and commitment was included in this section. For relationship benefits, factors such as society benefits and commitment benefits were the essence. The control variable in this study was gender, age, income, hours of service used, and the number of times service was used in community services. Results - The key research findings are as follows. First, this study found out that the more the social benefits was enhanced in the community services, the higher the relationship continuity intention was. Second, this study has found out that the higher the trust of community services, the higher the relationship continuity intention. Third, this study has shown that the more the relationship benefits was enhanced in the community services, the higher the recognition by the users’ relationship quality was. Fourth, the trust in the community services played a mediating role between the relationship benefits and relationship continuity intention. Conclusions – Many associations could be discovered on the correlations between relationship benefits, quality, and community service continuality intention. These results will have important implications for the future of child and adolescent psychological support services. In terms of relationship marketing, the three factors; benefits, quality, and continuity intention in community services were proved to be pivotal. In order for the continuity intention in community services, the two factors of benefits and quality were the influential factors. From a policy maker’s standpoint, the relationship continuity was the most important factor.

In order to export Korean spray roses to the China, it is needed to analyse chinese preferences, rose attributes, and purchase intentions. The purpose of this study is to present the implications on the production and distribution of roses for export by analyzing the quality preference attributes and purchase intention of Korean rose for Chinese flower experts. A survey on the preference and purchase intention of Korean flower roses by Chinese flower experts was conducted through face - to - face interviews with flower show participants in China. Approximately 100 Chinese flower experts who participated in the Flower Show in 2016 received the questionnaire, and 86 survey results could be used for analysis. Survey data were analyzed using ordered probit and bivariate probit models. As a result of an analysis, it was found that Chinese flower experts were more likely to buy Korean roses than Chinese roses even if they consider flower color, leaf shape and size and color diversity. The probability of purchasing more than twice the price was higher than that of the color diversity considering the flower shape, leaf shape and size, but the bivariate order probit model was larger than that of flowers, leaves and size, and the order of probability size was changed. In order to increase the export of Korean spray roses to the Chinese market, We need to increase Chinese experts’ preferences and satisfaction. For this purpose, it is very important to develop export varieties of roses with large flower buds and shape / coloring, and to apply the useful post-harvest technology that can extend freshness and distribution period of export roses.

Purpose – This current study will investigate the average financial ratio of top and failed five-star hotels in the Jeju area. A total of 14 financial ratio variables are utilized. This study aims to; first, assess financial ratio of the first-class hotels in Jeju to establishing variables, second, develop distress prediction model for the first-class hotels in Jeju district by using logit analysis and third, evaluate distress prediction capacity for the first-class hotels in Jeju district by using logit analysis. Research design, data, and methodology – The sample was collected from year 2015 and 14 financial ratios of 12 first-class hotels in Jeju district. The results from the samples were analyzed by t-test, and the independent variables were chosen. This was an empirical study where the distress prediction model was evaluated by logit analysis. This current research has focused on critically analyzing and differentiating between the top and failed hotels in the Jeju area by utilizing the 14 financial ratio variables. Results – The verification result of the accuracy estimated by logit analysis has shown to indicate that the distress prediction model’s distress prediction capacity was 83.3%. In order to extract the factors that differentiated the top hotels in the Jeju area from the failed hotels among the 14 chosen, the analysis of t-black was utilized by independent variables. Logit analysis was also used in this study. As a result, it was observed that 5 variables were statistically significant and are included in the logit analysis for discernment of top and failed hotels in the Jeju area. Conclusions – The distress prediction press’ prediction capability was compared in this research analysis. The distress prediction press prediction capability was shown to range from 75-85% by logit analysis from a previous study. In this current research, the study’s prediction capacity was shown to be 83.33%. It was considered a high number and was found to belong to the range of the previous study’s prediction capacity range. From a practical perspective, the capacity of the assessment of the distress prediction model in the top and failed hotels in the Jeju area was considered to be a prominent factor in applications of future hotel appraisal.

본 연구의 목적은 급진적인 다문화사회로의 변화로 인한 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생간의 다문화적 태도와 다문화교육인식의 차이를 살펴보고, 다문화교육이 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생의 다문화적 태 도와 다문화교육인식에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 본 연구를 위하여 다문화적 태도 관련 12문항과 다문화교육인식 관련 11문항으로 구성된 설문지를 원주시에 소재하고 있는 중학교, 고등학교, 대학교 학생들을 대상으로 2016년 12월부터 2017년 1월까지 설문을 실시하였다. 설문지 중에서 중학생 183명, 고등학생 249명, 그리고 대학생 221명, 전체 653개의 설문지가 회수되어 분석에 사용되었다. 중학생, 고등학생 그리고 대학생간의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 SPSS 23의 One-way ANOVA를 실시하였고, 다문화교육의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 편상상관관계분석을 실시 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다문화적 태도의 하위영역 중, ‘열린 자세’와 ‘관계존중’에서 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생간에 유의미한 결과가 나타났으며 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생의 순서로 평균 값이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 다문화교육이 중학생과 고등학생들의 다문화적 태도에 한정적으로 영향 을 미쳤지만 대학생에게는 전반적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 다문화교육의 하위영역 중, ‘다문화교육 의 필요성 인식’, ‘다문화교육의 필요성’, ‘다문화교육의 목표 인식’, ‘다문화의 이해’, ‘세계화 인식’ 등에서 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생 간에 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 넷째, 다문화교육이 중학생의 다문화교육인식에는 영향을 미치지 못하였고, 고등학생의 다문화인식에는 일부분만 영향을 미쳤다. 그렇지만 다문화교육이 대학생의 다문화교육인식에는 전반적으로 영향을 미쳤다.

Based on its geographical and climatic characteristics, Gang-won area is exposed to poor freezing environment such as many snow and freezing days, so several problems occur in the maintenance of lining and roads. Therefore, it is essential to develop a technology to reduce the freezing damage of road tunnel entrance and exit in cold region. In order to secure the quality and performance of the new technology and to improve the understanding of practitioners, it is necessary to establish construction guidelines and maintenance plans for continuous condition and performance management. In this study, to develop construction manual and maintenance manual, Delphi survey was conducted for experts in tunnel field to derive construction and maintenance indices. And its results will be used to develop a process for safety management and rehabilitation considering the characteristics of cold region.

The study was conducted to determine the structural optimization method through the estimation of the structure of the floor and the amounts of reinforcement in the apartment building and the amounts of reinforcement depending on the area. The purpose of this study is to examine the comparison of the comparison factors by comparing the comparison factors of the jointly constructed apartment house with each of the conditions.

This study was conducted to determine correlations and similarity between the ozone and PM10 data of 19 air quality monitoring stations in Busan from 2013 to 2016, using correlation and cluster analyses. Ozone concentrations ranged from 0.0278±0.0148 ppm at Gwangbok to 0.0378±0.017 ppm at Taejongdae and were high in suburban areas, such as Yongsuri and Gijang, as well as in coastal areas, such as Jaw, Gwangan, Taejongdae and Noksan. PM10 concentrations ranged from 37.2±25.0 ug/m3 at Gijang to 58.3±32.2 ug/m3 at and Jangrim. PM10 concentrations were high in the west, exceeding the annual ambient air quality standard of 50 ug/m3. Positive correlations were observed for ozone at most stations, ranging from 0.61 between Taejongdae and Sujeong to 0.92 between Bugok and Myeongjang. The correlation coefficients of PM10 between stations ranged from 0.62 between Jangrim and Jaw to 0.9 between Gwangbok and Sujeong. Yeonsan, Daeyeon, and Myeongjang were highly correlated with other stations, so they needed to be reviewed for redundancy. Ozone monitoring stations were initially divided into two sections, north-western areas and suburban-coastal areas. The suburban-coastal areas were subsequently divided into three sections. PM10 monitoring stations were initially divided into western and remaining areas, and then the remaining areas were subsequently divided into three sections.

본 연구는 부산, 울산지역에 근무하는 초음파 검사자 150명을 대상으로 일반적인 특성 및 직무 스트레스 와 직무만족도 간의 관계를 분석하고 이를 통해서 직무만족의 예측 요인을 규명하기 위해 실시되었다. 결 과적으로 연령이 높을수록, 이직경험이 있을수록 직무만족도는 증가하였으며 직무 스트레스 하부요인과 직무만족과의 상관관계는 조직체계, 보상부적절, 직장문화, 직무 불안정, 직무자율성 결여, 직무요구 순으로 유의 한 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 직무만족에 가장 영향력 있는 변수는 조직체계와 보상의 부적절로 나타났다. 따라서 초음파 검사자의 직무만족도를 높이기 위해서는 직무스트레스를 줄일 수 있는 효율적인 조직 및 인력관리, 보상과 관련된 적절한 제도적 장치를 마련하는 것이 중요하다고 사료된다.

This research investigates the characteristics of metallic and ionic elements in PM10 and PM2.5 on haze day and non-haze day in Busan. PM10 concentration on haze day and non-haze day were 85.75 and 33.52 ㎍/m³ , respectively, and PM2.5 on haze day and non-haze day were 68.24 and 23.86 ㎍/m³ , respectively. Contribution rate of total inorganic water-soluble ion to PM10 mass on haze day and non haze day were 58.2% and 61.5%, respectively, and contribution rate of total water-soluble ion to PM2.5 mass on haze day and non haze day were 58.7% and 64.7%, respectively. Also, contribution rate of secondary ion to PM10 mass on haze day and non haze day were 52.1% and 47.5%, respectively, and contribution rate of secondary ion to PM2.5 mass on haze day and non haze day were 54.4% and 53.6%, respectively. AC (anion equivalents)/CE (cation equivalents) ratio of PM10 mass on haze day and non haze day were 1.09 and 1.0, respectively, and AC/CE ratios of PM2.5 mass on haze day and non haze day were 1.12 and 1.04, respectively. Also, SOR (Sulfur Oxidation Ratio) of PM10 mass on haze day and non haze day were 0.32 and 0.17, respectively, and SOR of PM2.5 on haze day and non haze day were 0.30 and 0.15, respectively. Lastly, NOR (Nitrogen Oxidation Ratio) of PM10 on haze day and non haze day were 0.17 and 0.08, respectively, and NOR of PM2.5 on haze day and non haze day were 0.13 and 0.06, respectively.