High-efficiency phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes using TCTA-TAZ as a double host and Ir(ppy)3 as a dopant were fabricated and their electro-luminescence properties were evaluated. The fabricated devices have the multi-layered organic structure of 2-TNATA/NPB/(TCTA-TAZ) : Ir(ppy)3/BCP/SFC137 between an anode of ITO and a cathode of LiF/AL. In the device structure, 2-TNATA[4,4',4"-tris(2-naphthylphenyl-phenylamino)-triphenylamine] and NPB[N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine] were used as a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, respectively. BCP [2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline] was introduced as a hole blocking layer and an electron transport layer, respectively. TCTA [4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine] and TAZ [3-phenyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole] were sequentially deposited, forming a double host doped with Ir(ppy)3 in the [TCTA-TAZ] : Ir(ppy)3 region. Among devices with different thickness combinations of TCTA (50 Å-200 Å) and TAZ (100 Å-250 Å) within the confines of the total host thickness of 300 Å and an Ir(ppy)3-doping concentration of 7%, the best electroluminescence characteristics were obtained in a device with 100 Å-think TCTA and 200 Å-thick TAZ. The Ir(ppy)3 concentration in the doping range of 4%-10% in devices with an emissive layer of [TCTA (100 Å)-TAZ (200 Å)] : Ir(ppy)3 gave rise to little difference in the luminance and current efficiency.

본 연구는 연안의 수질개선과 오염제어의 관점에서 효율적인 수질관리의 원리와 기법, 연안오염총량관리제 및 선진사례를 검토하였고, 현재 오염총량 산정시 나타나는 문제점 및 개선사항을 지적하였다. 또한, 오염총량제와 환경용량과의 관계, 해양환경 예측 모델로 활용되고 있는 생태계모델의 연구접근에서 중점적으로 검토해야 하는 사항을 토의하고, 나아가서 연안수질 관련 제도와 정책에서 반영하고 흡수해야 할 수질관리 내용과 개선방안을 제시하였다. 연안오염총량제의 대상이 되는 연안에서는 환경영향평가와 사전환경성검토에서 해당하는 개발사업이나 계획 중 신규 오염원에 대해서는 오염부하삭감량과 할당량을 산정해서 평가서에 구체적으로 제시할 필요가 있고, 연안관리지역계획에서는 환경관리계획에 좀 더 중심을 옮겨 기본적으로 관할 해역으로 유입하는 오염원과 오염부하량 자료를 구축할 필요가 있다. 특별관리해역 등 향후 연안오염총량제 적용대상이 되는 지자체에서는 하수도관리계획 등 도시계획을 수립할 때 이러할 점을 고려해서 장기적이고 일관성있는 하수도정책이 수립되어야 할 것이다. 연안오염총량제도는 다른 환경관리해역으로 점진적으로 확대 시행되어야 할 것이로, 그 외의 지역은 지자체장이 주부장관과의 협의를 통해 자발적으로 시행하고 인센티브를 주는 것도 검토해야 할 것이다. 해역의 수질개선을 위해서는 생태계모델링에 의한 환경용량(수질적 차원의 총허용오염부하량) 산정이 필수적이며, 이와 관련한 적용모델의 신뢰성과 과학적 타당성 확보는 환경영향평가 관련 협의시 매우 중요한 검토항목으로 고려되고 있다 연안 육역에 존재하는 오염원에 대해서는 연안환경을 관리하는 주무부처가 주도적으로 감시 감독하고 관리체제에 환한 법적 거를 마련하거나 관련 법률을 정비해서 통합 운영해야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

Measurement is a essential part in all kinds of industry, especially in manufacturing. But until now, measurement hasn't been located to the core of manufacturing in domestic. This study suggests improvement guide line for the multilateral problems of measuring instrument operation based on the investigation of small and medium-sized enterprises. To use measuring instrument correctly, man who treat it must be accustomed with the structure, the performance, the method. The measuring instrument must be corrected periodically. The correcting-schedule is established with environments with considering accuracy, stability, purpose, condition, and frequency.

  This research was conducted in order to present the strategies of implementing the logistics information system for effective logistics cost management with the case study of a leading global company. The strategy for effective logistics information sys

In this study, the removal efficiency of 24 odorous compounds was measured in diverse control process units of 7 individual chemical companies located in Ban-Wall & Shi-Wha Industrial Complex in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from March to August, 2007. To quantify the removal efficiency rates of major odorous compounds, we collected odor samples from the inside process and both the front and rear side of 7 control process units. As the results of this study, it was shown that toluene, ammonia, trimethylamine (TMA) and acetaldehyde were dominant odorous compounds in the inside process. In addition, VOCs, TMA and acetaldehyde were also detected at higher concentrations in the stacks and 10 (toluene, acetone, ethyl benzene, xylene etc.) out of 24 index compounds were found to have negative removal efficiencies. According to the removal efficiency evaluation of seven odor control facilities, a company equipped with two connected absorption processes was shown to have positive (＋) removal efficiencies for 16 odor substances and NH₃, TMA, acetaldehyde, the priority odor substances, which meant the proper control system was installed and operated. Hence, to obtain best removal efficiency of odorous pollutant emission, the database on source characteristics and the development of management techniques of diverse control process units are continually needed.

  The enormous budget of government and manpower are invested to the government funded institutes every year. The R&D investment focused on input has to be turned toward the investment based on the effectiveness of R&D activities. Measuring the efficiency

This study aims to reduce the bycatch of young fishes and other species in the octopus(Octopus vulagris, Octopus dolfleini) trap fishery on the East Sea, Korea. We carried out field experiments and tank experiments to verify the fishing efficiency and bycatch with the different 8 types of trap. 4 of them had mesh size 20, 35, 55 respectively and 75mm, 2 of them with escape ring of diameter 30mm and 50mm and 2 of them with escape device. The gap was 20 and 40mm respectively. The mesh sizes of the traps with ring and frame were 20mm. The traps with mesh size 20 and 35mm were not reasonable because it could fish under 300g octopus as bycatch which is not permitted by the Korean fisheries regulations. The catch number of octopus over 300g by traps with escape ring of diameter 30mm was 53. The catch of trap with mesh size 20mm was 54. The catch of trap with mesh size 35mm was 53. There is no significant difference among them. The catch number of octopus over 500g that is fishermen's favorite one was 46 in the trap with escap ring. The diameter of was 30 mm and the catch of trap with mesh size 20mm was more 3 catch and the catch of trap with mesh size 35mm had 6 more catch. Fishermen wanted to catch over 500g octopus because the octopuses had commercial value. The traps with escape ring can be replaceable with he traps with mesh size 20 or 35mm because the trap is suitable to conserve the octopus resources and keep the fishermen's fishing substantiality.

The average BOD concentration was found to be about 269mg/L before a process innovation, but after the innovation, it became 30mg/L, which satisfied the effluent standard of 120mg/L. The removal effluent standard of 120mg/L. The removal efficiency was about 60～80%, and the concentration of the treated water was found th be low. after the process innovation, the average COD concentration was 29mg/L, and the CODmn removal efficiency became low to the level of about 65～76%, which was found lower than the effluent standard of 130mg/L. After the process innovation the SS average concentration of the treated water was 13mg/L, which was lower than that before the innovation (32mg/L). By the activated sludge process innovation, the SS removal efficiency was improved to be 30～70%. The average concentration of total coliform before the process innovation was 6100 count/mL because an Activated sludge process only occasionally pass over the allowed standard(The average number of the total coliform of Activated sludge process treated water was about 8100 count/mL), UV disinfection process was introduced. after the introduction, the average number of the total coliform was 1800 count/mL, which satisfied the allowed effluent standard of 3000 count/mL.

웨어러블 컴퓨팅 환경은 대개 이동 중일 가능성이 많고 이때 눈과 손이 자유롭지 못하고 많은 주의가 필요한데 기존의 데스크탑 인터페이스 방식(WIMP)은 적합하지 않다. 또한 웨어러블 환경에서 모바일 기기의 소형화로 인하여 작은 화면에서 정보를 확인하고 처리해야 하기 때문에 기능 수행에 따른 인지부하가 늘어남과 동시에 수행 속도가 느려지고 많은 오류가 발생하는 등 어려움이 따른다. 이와 같이 변화된 환경에 적합한 입력 방식의 적정 수준을 찾는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 이동 상황에서 모바일 기기를 사용할 때 동시에 여러 가지 일을 수행함으로써 걸릴 수 있는 인지부하를 줄여주기 위한 방법을 기기의 입력 방식과 사용되는 메뉴구조의 복잡성을 중심으로 분석하였다. 입력 방식을 포인팅입력 방식, 버튼입력 방식, 동작입력 방식으로 나누고, 이 방식들을 통한 메뉴탐색 과제와 화면에 제시되는 도형기억 과제를 동시에 수행했을 때 수행의 정확도와 과제수행 속도를 측정하였다. 또한 제시되는 메뉴탐색 과제의 메뉴계층의 수를 변화시켜서 입력 방식의 복잡성에 따른 과제 수행을 살펴보았다. 실험은 정지 상황과 이동 상황에서 모두 이루어졌다. 정지 상황과 이동 상황 모두에서 포인팅입력 방식이 과제 수행의 정확도가 가장 높은 반면 수행 속도에서 가장 느린 것으로 나타났다. 동작입력 방식에서는 수행의 정확도는 떨어졌으나 수행 속도는 빠르게 나타났다. 이는 이동 중에 수행되는 과제에서 정확도보다도 속도가 중요한 상황에서는 동작입력 방식이 적합하다는 것을 시사한다.

It is well known that the test and evaluation plan (TEP) is very crucial in the successful development of safety-critical systems. As such, this paper discusses an approach to the development of the TEP for a system that should meet safety requirements in the systems development process. It is studied how to incorporate the result of preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) in generating the safety requirements. It is also discussed how to deal with them when the system requirements (i.e., functions, performance, constraints, components, etc) and the safety requirements are integrated into one model. While doing so, we have constructed the required traceability among them, which is necessary and very useful when the safety requirements need to be corrected or be changed. The use of the traceability makes it possible to easily check out whether and how the safety requirements are properly incorporated in the system design process. Furthermore, without the verified traceability, the system cannot be changed or upgraded later. In order to implement the model on a computer-aided tool, we have constructed a database (DB) schema. As a result, the implemented model/DB allows to automatically generate TEP which can be used to measure the performance and safety level of the developed system.

This paper is studied on the efficient purification process of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from the melt layer crystallization combining crystallization process, sweating process and distillation recovery process. Purity and yield of DMC crystal depended mainly on the crystallization temperature, cooling rate, sweating termperature sweating rate. Through the optimization of crystallization and sweating operation, DMC crystal can be upgraded to very high purity over 99.9% and high yield over 85%.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient production strategy with changing factors to influence the productivity. The factors would be the number of Multi-Function worker, the method of job dispatching, and lot size. A simulation model has been developed for this study. We used AutoMod simulation and the process activity was animated to follow the flow of process easily. The alternatives have been tested through the simulation model, and the various alternatives is proposed for the efficient production strategy. We hope that the system is applied to similar types of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop an efficient production strategy and to achieve the satisfactory result.

Everyone knows how much the company business goal is achieved is the most important to all companies. In order to maximize the business performance, many companies have introduced a diversity of management innovation activities. The effect of business performance is important in the business activity, but an efficiency of output-to-input concept is significantly important. Each year, companies have managed the business through a sum of performance. In terms of the efficiency of business performance, the management is importantly managed. In the efficiency of business performance, there are the main items including the total assets, employees, and operating expenses as the input. As the output, there are the main items of sales, current term's net income. This study is intended to calculate the business efficiency through DEA analysis for companies' business performance, and to study in order for the efficiency of business performance to be considered when the companies establish the mid and long term business plan.

All of the city gas companies in Korea must employ the gas safety patrols by law. The gas safety patrols are responsible for the various tasks including daily gas pipeline patrol to prevent gas accidents. Since the size of jurisdiction varies among the city gas companies, it is very difficult to compare their efficiency for the operations of the safety patrol each other directly. The objective of this research is to develop the methodology to analyze and compare the efficiency of the safety patrol's operations among various city gas companies. Several factors that are related to the safety patrol's duty on the gas safety factors were identified and DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) model for efficiency analysis was developed. Finally, the DEA model was applied to the collected data from six city gas companies. The less efficient city gas companies can benchmark the higher efficient city gas companies in order to improve the safety control systems.