This study was conducted to understand the distribution characteristics of old tree (protected tree) and propose the effective management plan for old tree to make hold a sustained function as natural and cultural resources in rural area. We surveyed 96 old trees at 69 farm villages in Yaesan-gun, South Chungcheong Province. The species of tree was investigated with Zelkova serrata, Ginkgo biloba, Quercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora, Celtis sinensis, and Juniperus cbinensis order. Most of them located at the inside (43.6%) and the entrance (35.1%) of a village, and at mountain slope (31.9%) and alluvial plain (25.3%) in terms of distribution topography. The existing place of pollution source was investigated with 61%, and the pollution sources were blocks, construction materials, cement packings, farm machines and living garbage. The place where the rates of bare ground were more than 50% for the root region of a protection tree was 63%. The tree surgical operation was investigated in 37.5% of protection trees, and 12.5% of protection trees were investigated with a tree surgical operation being immediately. The average score for health condition of old tree at study sites was 18.6 points. A monitoring class was divided by public monitor 59.3%, main monitor 38.5%, and dead tree 2.2% on the basis of that information. Hereafter, we will conduct to promote the management guideline and develope culture contents through additional investigation.

기후변화에 따른 지역적 영향인 기온 상승과 강수량 변화로 인한 수자원 변화 특성을 파악하기 위하여 기상청(KMA)으로부터 전국 59개 관측지점에 대해서 1973년부터 2009년까지 강수량 및 기온자료를 이용하여 산정한 강수효율자료와 국가수자원관리종합시스템(WAMIS)으로부터 1966년부터 2007년까지 PRMS 모의 유출량 자료를 수집, 분석하였다. 분석결과, 전반적으로 강수효율의 거동은 강수량의 변화 특성을 따르나 지역적으로 강수량이 증가함에도 불구하

본 연구는 양치식물로부터 phytoecdysteroids의 추출 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 시행하였다. 청나래고사리와 고비의 잎(엽상체)을 동결건조 한 후 곱게 분쇄하여 MeOH, 80% EtOH, H2O(nano pure grade)를 용매로 하여 50배 추출하였으며, 각 용매별로 6시간 동안 침지, 교반(200 RPM), 60℃ 환류냉각추출하거나 42 kHz의 초음파수조에서 15, 30, 45분 동안 추출하였다. 추출물은 C18 cartridge로 정제하여 분석하였으며, HPLC를 이용하여 각 추출물의 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)과 ponasterone A(PonA)의 함량을 조사하였다. 3종류의 용매를 6가지 방법으로 추출한 결과, 청나래고사리와 고비의 추출물 모두 MeOH를 용매로 30분 동안 초음파 추출했을 때 20E와 PonA의 용출량이 증가하였으며, 엽상체 건물중 1 g당 청나래고사리와 고비의 20E 함량은 66.76과 104.48 μg, PonA의 함량은 53.43와 43.82 μg이었다.

식물 피노믹스 분야에서 초고속 대량선발이 가능하도록 만든 화상기술(imaging technology)을 온실자동화 기술, 이미지 촬영 및 분석기술 등으로 분류하여 개념을 정리하고, 화상기술을 개발 및 응용하고 있는 주요 연구기관의 현황을 소개하였다. 연구동향 파악을 위해 작물의 내재해성 검정, 병해충진단, 종자활력 검정, 수확후 관리, 생체리듬 연구 등 다양한 분야에서 응용되고 있는 사례들을 살펴보았다. 향후 열 화상, 형광 화상 기술을 UV-induc

The objectives of this research are to investigate the proper coagulation conditions which are a type and doses of coagulants, mixing conditions (velocity gradients and mixing times), pH and so on through Jar-test, to evaluate the flux variations, permeate, backwashing according to characteristics of pretreatment of the wastewater by means of MF membranes for river maintenance water reuse. The effluent water from B-city K-sewage treatment plant are used for this research. Turbidity and suspended solids(SS) are 14.2 NTU and 10.4 mg/L respectively. This condition causes fouling for membrane process. The flux decline could be reduced when coagulation pretreatment was carried out. Optimal coagulations PAC which are commonly used in the sewage treatment plant was observed in this research. The results indicate that an optimal coagulation dose and pH are 80 ppm and pH of 7 respectively, but coagulation efficiency was lower at strong acid or strong base. Results showed that continuous and steady operations in membrane separation process by means of the effective removal of organic matter and turbidity with coagulation pretreatment of sewage secondary effluent were achieved.

This study found that flotation efficiencies for removing algae and micro particles in raw water were optimized on mixing intensity and time of the mixing and flocculation conditions with a continuous DAF system. It is more efficient for mixing intensity at 23.1 s-1 and time at 660 s(Gt value : 15246) to float flocculated floc with the raw water in M water treatment plant. Flotation efficiency was more than about 0.9 when operated pressure and A/S ratio were sustained at 5 kgf․cm-2 and up to 0.056 mL․mg-1. The continuous DAF system made by the study could be continuously operated for 20 days and sustained not exceeding 4 NTU with raw water with low turbidity(13.4 ～ 9.8 NTU).

This paper proposes an optimal posture for the task-oriented movement of dual arm manipulator. A stability criterion function which consists of three kinds of feature-representative parameters has been utilized to define the optimal posture. The first parameter is the force which is applied to the object. The torque of each joint and position of arm are attained from the current sensor and encoder, respectively. From these two data, the applied force to an object is estimated using sum of vectors of the joint torques estimated from the measured current. In order to investigate the robustness of each posture, the variation of the end-effector from the encoder information has been utilized as the second parameter. And for the last parameter for the optimality, the total energy consumption has been used. The total consuming energy of each posture can be computed from the current information and the battery voltage. The proposed robot structure consists of a mobile inverted pendulum and dual manipulators. In order to define the optimal posture for the each object, external disturbances are applied to the mobile inverted pendulum robot and the first and second parameters are investigated to find the optimal posture among the pre-selected most representative postures. Finally, the proposed optimal posture has been verified by the proposed stability criterion function which consists of total force to the object, the fluctuation of the end-effector position, and total energy consumption. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms has been verified and demonstrated through the practical simulations and real experiments.