This study was conducted to evaluate effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on viability, acrosome reaction and mitochondrial intact in frozen-thawed boar sperm. The boar semen was collected by gloved-hand method and cryopreserved using freezing extender containing 3 ng/mL ALA and/or 20 μg/mL BSA. Cryopreserved boar sperms were thawed in 37°C water-bath for 45 sec to analysis. Viability, acrosome reaction, and mitochondrial intact were analyzed using flow cytometry. In results, viability of frozen-thawed boar sperm was significantly higher in only ALA+BSA supplement group than control group (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference either in ALA or BSA supplement. However, acrosome reacted sperm in both of live and all sperm population were significantly decreased in all treatment groups than control (p<0.05). Interestingly, mitochondrial intact of boar sperm was enhanced in ALA and ALA+BSA groups compared with control (p<0.05). In this study, we showed that supplementation of ALA and BSA in freezing extender enhanced the sperm viability, mitochondrial intact and decrease acrosomal membrane damage. In conclusion, our findings suggest that quality of frozen-thawed sperm in mammalians could improve by using of ALA and BSA.

Two cryptic species of the black-tailed bamboo aphid, Takecallis arundicolens (Clarke, 1903), are revealed based on DNA barcoding and nymph morphology. Three species, T. arundicolens, T. sp.1 nov. and T. sp.2 nov. have significant genetic differences ranged from 2-8% but, only subtly differing in their nymph morphology. In this study, molecular analyses and morphological comparisons are presented including species keys for alatoid nymphs.

선행연구에서 화장품 소재로서 보습력과 방부력을 가지고 있는 1, 2-hexanediol (HD)의 transgalactosylation 반응을 통하여 galactose한 분자가 HD에 결합한 1, 2-hexanediol galactoside (HD-gal)의 합성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 재조합 β-galactosidase (β-gal)가 발현된 Escherichia coli (E. coli) 세포를 이용하여 약 94%의 수율로 HD-gal가 합성되는 것을 관찰하였고, HD-gal을 합 성한 후, 보다 효과적인 HD-gal의 정제 방법에 대하여서도 연구하였다. 먼저 고농도의 lactose (300 g/l) 존재 하에서 β-gal을 함유한 E. coli 세포를 이용하여, 48 시간 동안 75 mM의 HD로 부터 HD-gal이 합성되는 것을 TLC 분석으로 확인하였고, 반응액에서 E. coli β-gal의 존재를 Western blotting으로 확인할 수 있었다. HD-gal을 효과적으로 순수 정제하기 위하여, 용매를 사용하여 transgalactosylation 반응이 끝난 후 잔여 HD를 우선 제거하고, 이어서 silica gel chromatography를 수 행하는 방법을 실시하였다. 물에 녹지 않는 용매로는 methylene chloride와 ethyl acetate를 선택하여 비 교 실험하였는데, ethyl acetate를 사용하여 4회 물층을 분획하여, 잔여 HD를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있 었다. 그 후, 이어서 silica gel chromatography 수행하여, 순수한 HD-gal을 효과적으로 정제하였다. 반 응에 첨가된 75 mM의 HD를 기준으로 최종 정제된 HD-gal의 생산 수율은 mole 기준으로는 약 8.9±0.6% (n=3), weight 기준으로 약 21.1±1.4% (n=3) 정도였다. 앞으로 이러한 정제 방법을 이용하 여 얻은 HD-gal의 항균력 변화를 HD와 비교하여 평가할 예정이고, 피부세포에 대한 독성 변화를 역시 HD와 비교하여 분석할 예정이다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on viability, acrosome reaction and mitochondrial intact in frozen-thawed boar sperm. The boar semen was collected by gloved-hand method and cryopreserved in 20% egg yolk freezing extender containing ALA (0, 3, 5, and 10 ng/mL) with 0.05% ethanol. The frozen-boar spermatozoa were thawed at 37.5°C for 45 sec in water-bath. The spermatozoa samples were evaluated the plasma membrane integrity, acrosome reaction, and mitochondrial integrity using flow cytometry. In results, population of live sperm with intact plasma membrane was significantly higher in control and 3 ng/mL ALA treatment group than ethanol group (p<0.05). In contract, dying sperms were higher in ethanol group than 3 ng/mL ALA treatment (p<0.05). Acrosomal membrane damage in all sperm population was reduced in 3 ng/mL ALA groups compared with ethanol treatment (p<0.05). However, acrosome damage in live sperm population was no significant difference among the all treatment groups. Mitochondrial integrity was not influenced by ALA treatments in both of live and all sperm population. In conclusion, this results show that supplement of ALA during the cryopreservation process could reduce the membrane damages including plasma and acrosomal membrane, whereas ALA did not influence to mitochondria in boar spermatozoa. Therefore, these results suggest that ALA can protect against the membrane damage derived cryo-stress, and cryopreservation efficiency of boar semen would be improved by use of ALA.

As a part of the short-period variability survey (SPVS) at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observa- tory, we obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of the open cluster NGC 1039 (M34). The observations were performed for 22 nights from July 29, 2008 to September 26, 2010. We also made LOAO observations for 10 days from September 18, 2009 to October 30, 2010 to confirm the small variabilties of δ Scuti-type variable stars. In this paper we presented the observational properties of 28 variable stars found in the region. They are seven δ Scuti-type variable stars, two Doradus-type variable stars, four- teen eclipsing binary stars and five semi-long periodic or slow irregular variables, respectively. Only three variables were listed in the GCVS and the rest are newly discovered ones. We have performed multiple- frequency analysis to determine pulsation frequencies of the δ Scuti-type and ɤ Doradus-type variable stars, using the discrete Fourier transform and linear least-square fitting methods. We also have derived the periods and amplitudes of 12 eclipsing binaries from the phase fitting method, and presented the light curves of all variable stars.

농업환경의 급속한 변화에 의한 농업생명공학과 GM작물의증가는 인간의 건강과 자연환경에 대한 깊은 관심을 초래하였고, 이에 대한 환경위험 여부를 확인하기 위해 GM작물의 안전성 평가가 필수 요소가 되었다. 이에 본 연구는 가뭄저항성(Agb0103)벼와 일미벼의 잉어(Carp, Cyprinus carpio)와 미꾸리(Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)에 대한 급성독성시험을 평가한 결과 48시간과 96시간의 LC50은 1,000 mg/L이상으로 분석되었다. 48시간과 96시간의 무영향농도는 1,000 mg/L이었다. 잉어와 미꾸리의 급성독성 시험기간 중 가뭄저항성(Agb0103)벼와 일미벼 간의 체중, 전장, 수온, DO 및 pH에대한 유의적인 차이는 없었다.

The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) is involved in the regulating effects and the biological activities of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Recently, It has been reported that the IGFBP2 gene polymorphism was associated growth and skeletal development in chicken. This study was designed to investigate the association of the C1032T SNP of IGFBP2 gene with growth and egg production traits in Korean native chicken (KNC) population as well as other chicken breeds. A total of 225 chickens from the three breeds (Rhode Island Red, Cornish, Leghorn) and 245 chickens from the six strains of Korean native chickens including Black, Gray, Ogol, Red, White, and Yellow, were genotyped by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism) and analyzed the association between their genotypes and economic traits by SAS program. The results showed that the SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) was significantly associated with multiple traits, including body weight of 150 days (p<0.001 and p<0.05) in the Rhode Island Red and the KNC (White) and egg production number (p<0.05) in the KNC (Black) breed. These results suggest that IGFBP2 C1032T SNP could be used as a DNA marker for the improvement of economic traits in Korean native chicken breeding.

The symbiotic star V1016 Cygni, a detached binary system consisting of a hot white dwarf and a mass-losing Mira variable, shows very broad emission features at around 6825 °A and 7082 °A, which are Raman scattered Ovi  1032, 1038 by atomic hydrogen. In the high resolution spectrum of V1016 Cyg obtained with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph these broad features exhibit double peak profiles with the red peak stronger than the blue counterpart. However, their profiles differ in such a way that the blue peak of the 7082 feature is relatively weaker than the 6825 counterpart when the two Raman features are normalized to exhibit an equal red peak strength in the Doppler factor space. Assuming that an accretion flow around the white dwarf is responsible for the double peak profiles, we attribute this disparity in the profiles to the local variation of the flux ratio of Ovi  1032, 1038 in the accretion flow. A Monte Carlo technique is adopted to provide emissivity maps showing the local emissivity of Ovi 1032 and Ovi 1038 in the vicinity of the white dwarf. We also present a map indicating the differing flux ratios of Ovi  1032 and 1038. Our result shows that the flux ratio reaches its maximum of 2 in the emission region responsible for the central trough of the Raman feature and that the flux ratio in the inner red emission region is almost 1. The blue emission region and the outer red emission region exhibit an intermediate ratio around 1.5. We conclude that the disparity in the profiles of the two Raman Ovi features strongly implies accretion flow around the white dwarf, which is azimuthally asymmetric.

Aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR) is a type of managed aquifer recharge which entails injecting water into a storage well and recovering it from a different well. It has effects of natural purification when injected water passes through aquifer medium, and can be a good way of supplying water especially in a region with poor surface water quality. This study is about an on-going effort to introduce ASTR as a solution to source water problems in coastal areas. A pilot study is being conducted in the delta of the Nakdong River. A proactive management system is incorporated to ensure the water qulity in the process of drinking water process. The system is based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) which is a tool originated from the food industry in order to assess hazards and establish control systems for the safety of food product. In this paper, we analyze hazardous events which can occur in the entire water supply system using ASTR as a first step to the incorporation of HACCP to drinking water production process.

처분시설의 개발과정에서 안전성평가 문서관리는 체계적인 품질활동이 수반되어야 하며, 본 논문에서는 중·저준위 방사 성폐기물 처분시설의 건설단계에 보완된 부지특성, 지하수특성, 최종설계내용 및 모니터링 입력데이터를 포함하여 Safety Case를 위한 안전성평가 입력데이터 품질보증체계를 설명하였다. 현장/실험결과데이터, 실제 설계데이터 및 적치계획, 콘 크리트 물성데이터, 지하수, 기상, 지진에 대한 현장 모니터링데이터, 생태계데이터 및 핵종재고량데이터를 입력데이터 결 정원칙에 따라 선별하고 안전성평가에 적용할 수 있는 데이터 관리체계를 확보하였다. 이는 향후 처분시설 안전성평가의 데 이터 불확실성 저감 및 안전성 증진에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

원자력발전소 및 산업계에서 발생하는 중·저준위방사성폐기물을 처분하기 위한 처분장이 2014년경 준공될 것으로 예상된 다. 방사성폐기물 처분을 위해서는 물리적인 처분시설의 확보도 중요할 뿐만 아니라 발생자와 처분사업자 등 각종 이해관 계자들이 모두 수긍할 수 있는 비용부과체계 마련도 중요하다. 우리나라의 처분비용은 해외의 다른 국가에 비하여 높은 편 에 속하며 이는 폐기물 발생자와 처분사업자에게 많은 부담을 주고 있다. 우리나라의 처분비용이 높은 이유는 처분장 확보 를 위한 사회적 비용 또는 건설비가 다른 국가에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 이유도 있겠으나, 처분장 건설을 위해 조달한 비용 에서 발생한 금융비용이 보다 큰 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 처분사업의 지속가능한 사업체계 마련을 위해 비 용 구조를 분석함으로서 처분비용 중 금융비용을 낮추기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

Antibiotic resistant salmonellosis has shown a recent increase, making treatment of patients with Salmonella infections difficult. This study analyzed changes in the species, serogroups, and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric pathogens isolated from stool specimens during a period of eight years from 2003 to 2010 in a tertiary hospital. In total, 237 pathogens (1.9%) were isolated from 12,289 stool specimens, comprising 50.6% NTS and 49% Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Serogroups D, B, and C Salmonella were isolated most frequently, in that order. Of the Salmonella, 49% of the isolates were ampicillin resistant and this rate for serogroups B, C, and D Salmonella was 56.8, 64.7, and 43.5%, respectively. Overall, the rates of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), chloramphenicol (CM), and ciprofloxacin resistance were 11.0, 22.0, and 0%, respectively. Two cefotaxime-resistant Salmonella were isolated in 2010. All of the V. parahaemolyticus were susceptible to SXT, CM, and tetracycline. In conclusion, NTS and V. parahaemolyticus were the major enteric pathogens isolated from stool during the eight years examined, and the rate of Salmonella resistance to antimicrobial agents showed a significant increase. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is mandatory for proper treatment of patients with Salmonella spp. infection.