Korea's defense industry has been fostered as a protection industry in which the government directly controls prices, quantities, and costs for the past 40 years, and it is deepening into a low-efficiency industrial structure. By implementing the Defense Industry Building Act in 2021, the government is creating a healthy ecosystem for the defense industry and strengthening its global competitiveness. In this study, based on KPC's Productivity Management System (PMS), a diagnostic model of defense companies that has been implemented since 2013, on-site diagnosis was performed from 4 to 28 days depending on the size of the company, and data was collected based on the results. For the effect of innovation capability on productivity performance, the causal relationship was analyzed through structural equation model path analysis. As a result, it suggests that defense materials suppliers should focus on which core processes to innovate and strengthen and improve their innovation capabilities.

편의식 소비가 증가하는 식문화가 정착되면서 쌀의 소비형태가 전통적인 쌀밥에서 편의식 가공제품 형태로 변화되면서 떡류는 훌륭한 대체재로 자리 잡아가고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 떡은 소규모의 영세한 업체에서 제조되고 있으며 구입 후 별도의 조리과정 없이 그대로 섭취하므로 떡의 미생물학적 안전성에 대한 우려가 증가되는 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구는 떡류에서 발생하는 미생물학적 안전성을 개선하고자 소규모 업체의 떡류, 생산 환경 및 작 업자의 미생물 오염도를 조사하였다. 3가지 떡(가래떡, 인절미, 경단)을 선정하여 원료, 제조공정 및 제조환경에 대한 미생물 오염도를 측정한 결과, 6가지 원재료에서 일반 세균 3.76-4.48, 대장균군 2.21-4.14, B. cereus 1.02-1.15 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었고, E. coli는 검출되지 않았다. 떡의 제조공정별 오염도 분석결과, 세척과정 후 원재료의 일반세균, 대장균군 및 B. cereus의 오염도가 감소하였지만 불림, 분쇄공정에서 다시 증가하였고, 증자 후에는 3종류의 떡에서 모두 검출한계 이하의 수준을 보였다. 그러나 증자 이후 성형 및 냉각과정을 거치면서 오염도가 다시 증가하여 이 과정에서 냉각수 및 성형떡의 고물관리에 대한 주의를 시사하였다. 떡의 제조환경에 대한 미생 물학적 오염도 분석결과, 쌀 분쇄기 및 떡고물 작업환경에 대한 오염 수준이 높게 나타났으며, 성형기에서도 일반세균, 대장균 및 B. cereus가 검출되어 작업환경에서의 기구 및 제조설비 관리가 필요하였다. 제조설비 및 환경에서의 오염은 원재료와의 교차오염을 일으킬 수 있으므로 체계적인 세척 및 소독 등으로 미생물학적 위해를 감소시켜야 할 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구의 목적은 뷰티 전문가의 자기관리가 자기효능감 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하여 관계를 살펴보고, 향후 뷰티 전문가들의 자기 관리를 통한 자기 효능감과 경영성과 향상에 도움이 되기를 위함이다. 분석방법은 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 하였고, 그 결과 자기관리와 자기조절감, 도전감 간 상호 정(+)의 상관관계가 나타났고, 자기관리가 경영성과, 환경성과, 고객성과, 시장성과에 통계적 유의하게 정(+)의 영향이 나타났으며, 자기효능감이 직무성과, 환경성과, 고객성과, 시장성과에 통계적 유의하게 정(+)의 영향을 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 자기관리에 대한 질적 향상을 통해 자기효능감과 경영성과에 기여할 수 있는 계기가 되길 바란다.

Korean Chinese international trade correspondence belongs to the teaching field of "Special purpose language". It takes various communicative contexts as the premise, and the communicative context is based on the communicative process under the specific working environment of language users. Therefore, it needs appropriate communicative functions to achieve the communicative purpose. In order to achieve the communicative function, the use of specific sentence types obviously contains some convention. The characteristics of high-frequency sentence types in international trade letters have a certain tendency. This paper takes the Chinese E-mail actually generated by the Korean staff of a Korean trading company in their trade with China as the research object, investigates and analyzes its sentence function, and provides empirical data for business Chinese teaching. Compared with the teaching of traditional lingua franca, according to the various social attributes of Korean Chinese international trade exchanges, it is not only the cognitive background of learners and staff, but also the communicative context required by professional work. The core content of teaching should give priority to the specific sentence patterns of communicative function words closely related to work in the actual corpus, and apply them in teaching strategies and methods, To enable learners to acquire the required language communicative competence as soon as possible, it does not emphasize the comprehensive mastery of learning, but can save time and selectively improve communication efficiency.

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명과 팬데믹의 환경 속에서 중소·중견기업 리더의 온라인 코칭행동이 조직성과에 미치는 영향과 그 과정에서 구성원의 직무만족과 정 서적 조직몰입의 매개 여부, 그리고 사업환경 불확실성이 이들 간의 관계를 조절하는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 다양한 업종에 속한 중소․중견기업의 구성원 중 온라인 업무 경험이 있는 350명의 자료를 수집하였고, SPSS 23.0, AMOS23.0 과 Process macro 3.5를 사용하여 실증분석을 하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 온라인 코칭행동은 구성원의 직무만족, 정서적 조직몰입과 조직성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 온라인 코칭행동과 조직성과 간에 직무만족과 정서적 조직몰입의 매개 효과를 확인하였다. 셋째, 사업환경 불확실성은 온라인 코칭행동과 조직성과 간의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났으나, 온라인 코칭행동과 직무만족 및 정서적 조직몰입과의 관계는 조절하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 통해 온라인코칭행동도 대면코칭행동과 마찬가지로 조직성과에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 따라서 현재와 같이 사업환경이 매우 불확실한 상황에서 중소·중견기업들은 온라인 코칭을 활용하고 직무만족 및 정서적 조직몰입을 증진시킴으로서 성과를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

기존 연구에서는 가족기업의 지배구조에서 구성원 간 이질성이 간과되었고 최대주주와 특수관계인이 동일 목표와 관심을 공유하는 동질적 의사결정체로 간주되었다. 본 논문에서는 가족소유 그룹의 특수관계인 역할에 대하여 상이한 시사점을 주는 이해상충가설(conflict-of-interest)과 효율적거래가설(efficient transaction views)을 도출하여 특수관계자 지분이 증가함에 따라 가족소유 기업집단 자회사의 국제화 및 기업성과가 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴본다. 본 연구에서는 2016~2019년 국내 527개 가족소유 중소기업을 대상으로 독립기업과 기업집단 자회사 간 국 제화를 비교․분석하여 특수관계인 역할을 추정한다. 연구 결과 가족소유지분이 국제화 및 성과에 미치는 영향은 특수관계인 지분율에 따라 유의한 차이가 발생한다는 점을 확인할 수 있다. 특히, 최대주주와 특수관계인의 국제화 성향이 상이할수록 기업집단 자회사의 성과가 악화되는데, 이러한 부(-)의 상관관계는 국제화 정도가 높을수록 더욱 증폭된다. 이러한 실증분석 결과는 특수관계인 지분이 증가할수록 가족소유 기업지배구조 측면에서 구성원들의 이질성에 기인한 이해상충 가능성이 커지며, 결국 기업성과에도 파급효과가 발생한다는 가설에 보다 부합한다.

This study analyzed the reproductive biology, fishing characteristics and changes in fishing business of Liparis tanakae, snailfish collected from September to March. It was the period when they were mainly caught from 2018 to 2020. The average length was generally small in September and October and was large in January and February. The average body weight was generally around 1,500 g and the average body weight in autumn was lower and in winter was higher. The sex ratio of male and female was 0.40:0.60 (χ 2 test, p < 0.05). The spawning period was estimated from October to February and the main spawning period was from December to February through the GSI. The egg diameter of matured staged female L. tanakae was 0.11-1.48 mm, which was the main spawning period and the relationship between body weight and fecundity was F = 1849TL0.1093 (r2 = 0.2401). The monthly catch of L. tanakae was high from November to February, the time of migrating to the coastal area. Coastal gillnet fishery showed the highest percentage of all fisheries catching Liparis spp. Liparis spp. were caught at a high rate in winter in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Gyeongnam region, and revenue and cost was increased since 2017. Assuming a situation where there is no catch of Liparis spp., the fishing profit that can be obtained was the highest in Gyeongnam region and the dependence on fishing of Liparis spp. by coastal gillnet fishery was high.

The purpose of this study was to explore the importance level, the present level, and the educational need for 21 business ethics components among 2-year and 4-year college students majoring in fashion. Survey data of 364 students (128 students of 2-year colleges and 238 students of 4-year colleges) were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Borich’s needs assessment for education, The Locus for Focus model, exploratory factor analysis, and t-test. The results showed five business ethics components ranked highly as educational needs among college students: ‘reducing waste’, ‘using vegan materials’, ‘using human-friendly materials’, ‘strengthening sustainable technologies’, and ‘promoting workers’ rights’. Those components should be integrated into curricula of fashion majors in colleges. Students in 4-year colleges considered most of 21 business ethics components as more important than did students at 2-year colleges. More needs for education were observed by 4-year college students in eight business ethics components than by 2-year college students. In addition, a positive attitude toward business ethics education and the suitability of business ethics education were higher among 4-year college students than 2-year college students. Results provide a guideline for business ethics education by indicating a list of business ethics components that urgently needed to be adapted to fashion curricula according to each college type.

Under the new social background of the close relationship between intellectuals and businessman in the Ming Dynasty, “Sanyan and Erpai” broke the role design paradigm of opposition between intellectuals and businessman and shaped it in the works the new role of the integration of intellectuals and businessman. The design of this role is a true reflection of the convection phenomenon of social scholars and merchants at that time, and has new characteristics of the times. Different from ordinary intellectuals and ordinary businessmen, they have all experienced the choice of seeking official positions and doing business at the same time in their lives. They have the same skills in terms of mannerism, business spirit, and management wisdom. Different characteristics of the general merchant roles portrayed in literary works. In the late Ming Dynasty, the dual social characteristics of respecting Confucianism and respecting officials at the same time attaching importance to the commodity economy were the social roots of the author's design of this role. This role was also of practical significance on the stage of the real society at that time.

This research was undertaken to examine Masan’s regional food service industry, which experienced drastic changes due to liberation and the Korean war. Analysis of restaurant advertisements in ‘Masanilbo’ revealed a total of 92 restaurants during this period. The numbers of restaurants classified by the time periods are 18 (1946 to 1950), 27 (1951 to 1955), 17 (1956 to 1960), and 30 (1961 to 1966). ‘Gomguk’ gained popularity in the early 1900s and became a speciality of Masan, resulting in the appearance of numerous Gomguk restaurant advertisements. After independence, Japanese foods were predominant in Masan since the population was used to eating Japanese dishes during the colonial era. Moreover, there was a major influence of the people who returned to the homeland. Masan was the place for refugees during the 6.25 war, resulting in the popularity of ‘Naengmyeon’; advertisements largely displayed ‘Pyeongyangnaengmyeon’ during the early 1950s, and ‘Hamheungnaengmyeon’ during the early 1960s. Western food advertisements usually introduced ‘Dongaseu’ and ‘Kareraiseu’, which were deeply influenced by Japanese culture. These various contributions resulted in alterations in the food menu, such as the rise of fusion food which is not bound to any nation, spread of Japanese food culture, and popularity of ‘Naengmyeon’.

본 View Point에서는 COVID-19으로 초래된 사회 경제적 새로운 질서(New Normal)에서 데이터 산업의 성장 가능성을 조망하고 데이터 비즈니스가 산업생태계에서 생존하는 데 필요한 요소와 전략을 살펴본다. 비대면 사회로의 전환은 데이터의 양적 팽창과 함께 집중화 현상 촉진으로 이어지고 있다. 국가적으로 데이터 산업생태계의 발전 전략을 수립하고 자본의 흐름이 뒤따르고 있는 지금은 데이터 비즈니스에 기회의 시기라고 할 수 있다. 특정 데이터 비즈니스가 산업 생태계에서 생존하고 성장하기 위해서는 안정적인 데이터 품질을 기반으로 경쟁사 대비 비교우위에 있는 품질 속성을 파악해야 하고 특히 어떤 비즈니스 세분화 영역에 해당하는지를 판단할 수 있어야 불필요한 자원투입의 낭비를 막고 효율적인 투자를 할 수 있다.

본 연구에서는 우리나라 대형통신기업을 대상으로 2000년에서 2019년까지의 경영효율성을 측정하고 비교하였다. 그리고 도출된 경영효율성지수와 경기변동간의 상관관계에 대하여 실증분석을 하였다. 발견 된 사실들을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1)우리나라 대형통신기업은 지난 20년간에 걸쳐 경영효율성수준이 하락하는 경향을 보여주었다. 2)통신 3사 중에서 SK텔레콤이 가장 높은 경영효율성을 보여주고 있고 KT 가 가장 낮은 효율성을 보여주고 있다. LG유플러스는 중간수준의 경영효율성을 보여주었다. 3)우리나라 통신3사는 규모의 수익 면에서 수익감소적인 경향을 보여주고 있으며 2010년 이후로 이러한 경향은 더욱 뚜렷해지고 있다. 4)통신3사의 경영효율성과 경기변동과의 상관관계에서는 매출역모형에서는 순경기순 환적으로 나타나고 있으나 부가가치모형에서는 역경기순환적으로 나타나고 있다. 5)통신기술의 도입과 통신시장 세계화에 대비하여 대형통신기업들의 경영효율성을 높일 수 있는 정책대안을 시급하게 강구해야할 것으로 생각된다.

This study enrolled enterprise business owners/managers in the U.S. as the subjects to investigate the relationship among four factors: personal motivation, the social expectation of stakeholders, business performance, and their CSR toward the local community. The research results showed that: (1) small enterprise’s perceived expectation from stakeholders has a positive effect on their decision to engage in CSR toward community; (2) their perception of business performance has a positive effect on their decision to engage in CSR toward the community. Based on these research results, public policymakers or relevant units are advised to further achieve the goal of nurturing a flourishing community by increasing awareness of stakeholder’s expectations for small enterprise’s CSR commitment. Also, it is clearly pronounced in this study that regardless of their personal motivation to support the local community, unless financially successful, small businesses are less likely to engage in CSR toward the local community. This result makes a good sense that having a successful business operation is a necessary condition for small enterprises to pay attention to a higher-level value such as CSR toward the local community.

In the ongoing project, the major building technology companies in Finland are joining forces to research and develop a platform based ecosystem in the intelligent building context. From the business perspective, one of the main question is which kind of business model is needed in the future ecosystem. Keywords: smart buildings; platform economy; ecosystem; business model innovations

This paper presents the results of qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with CEO and Marketing managers among Swiss luxury watchmaking companies. We present the highlights on innovative business models and how it could create competitive advantage creation in the highly competitive Swiss luxury watchmaking industry.

Ecosystem firms have been dominantly implementing knowledge sharing and collaboration between consumer interest groups, business firms and technology platform vendors (Adner, 2016). The ecosystem businesses create new value through business activity arrangements and individual offerings of the shared assets, standards, and interfaces upon a technology platform (Adner, 2006). Face with the highly dynamic and competitive environment, the multisided ecosystem platform firms specifically design mobile app to generate more participation in co-creation of value (Roma & Vasi, 2019). Little research has been dedicated for mobile app developers to understand user’s context-centric and user’s personalistic-centric mobility to formulate diversification or specialization in the cocreation strategic process. Our work focuses on the ecosystem users and customers as focal stakeholders who experiencing the peer-to-peer ecosystem platforms via mobile application could perceive context-centric and personalistic-centric mobility to fit, to make identification, to cocreate value, and to contribute to the ecosystem by their equity.